scholarly journals Low functional diversity promotes niche changes in natural island pollinator communities

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1846) ◽  
pp. 20162218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayoshi K. Hiraiwa ◽  
Atushi Ushimaru
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Flower Visit ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Niche Shifts ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Natural Communities

Functional diversity loss among pollinators has rapidly progressed across the globe and is expected to influence plant–pollinator interactions in natural communities. Although recent findings suggest that the disappearance of a certain pollinator functional group may cause niche expansions and/or shifts in other groups, no study has examined this prediction in natural communities with high plant and pollinator diversities. By comparing coastal pollination networks on continental and oceanic islands, we examined how community-level flower visit patterns are influenced by the relative biomass of long-tongued pollinators (RBLP). We found that RBLP significantly correlated with pollinator functional diversity and was lower in oceanic than in continental islands. Pollinator niches shifted with decreasing RBLP, such that diverse species with various proboscis lengths, especially short-tongued species, increasingly visited long-tubed flowers. However, we found no conspicuous negative impacts of low RBLP and the consequent niche shifts on pollinator visit frequencies to flowers in oceanic island communities. Notably, fruit set significantly decreased as RBLP decreased in a study plant species. These results suggest that niche shifts by other functional groups can generally compensate for a decline in long-tongued pollinators in natural communities, but there may be negative impacts on plant reproduction.

scholarly journals Functional Diversity of Plant–Pollinator Interaction Webs Enhances the Persistence of Plant Communities

PLoS Biology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Fontaine ◽  
Isabelle Dajoz ◽  
Jacques Meriguet ◽  
Michel Loreau
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Interaction Webs

Coffee plant – pollinator interactions: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 647-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.T. Ngo ◽  
A.C. Mojica ◽  
L. Packer
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Coffee (genus Coffea  L.) is one of the most critical global agricultural crops. Many studies have focused on coffee plants and their associated insects. This review will summarize work specifically relating to coffee plant – pollinator interactions. We review the current status of coffee as a worldwide commodity, botanical aspects of coffee, and insects associated with coffee pollination, and we assess the current understanding of the role of different pollinator taxa in increasing fruit set and yield.

scholarly journals The robustness of a simple dynamic model of island biodiversity to geological and eustatic change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Santos Neves ◽  
Joshua W. Lambert ◽  
Luis Valente ◽  
Rampal S. Etienne
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Island Biodiversity ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
And Sea Level

Aim: Biodiversity on islands is affected by various geo-physical processes and sea-level fluctuations. Oceanic islands (never connected to a landmass) are initially vacant with diversity accumulating via colonisation and speciation, followed by a decline as islands shrink. Continental islands have species upon formation (when disconnected from the mainland) and may have transient land-bridge connections. Theoretical predictions for the effects of these geo-processes on rates of colonisation, speciation and extinction have been proposed, but methods of phylogenetic inference assume only oceanic island scenarios without accounting for island ontogeny, sea-level changes or past landmass connections. Here, we analyse to what extent ignoring geodynamics affects the inference performance of a phylogenetic island model, DAISIE, when confronted with simulated data that violate its assumptions. Location: Simulation of oceanic and continental islands. Methods: We extend the DAISIE simulation model to include: area-dependent rates of colonisation and diversification associated with island ontogeny and sea-level fluctuations, and continental islands with biota present upon separation from the mainland, and shifts in rates to mimic temporary land-bridges. We quantify the error made when geo-processes are not accounted for by applying DAISIE's inference method to geodynamic simulations. Results: We find that the robustness of the model to dynamic island area is high (error is small) for oceanic islands and for continental islands that have been separated for a long time, suggesting that, for these island types, it is possible to obtain reliable results when ignoring geodynamics. However, for continental islands that have been recently or frequently connected, robustness of DAISIE is low, and inference results should not be trusted. Main conclusions: This study highlights that under a large proportion of island biogeographic geo-scenarios (oceanic islands and ancient continental fragments) a simple phylogenetic model ignoring geodynamics is empirically applicable and informative. However, recent connection to the continent cannot be ignored, requiring development of a new inference model.

Four new species of the interstitial family Cobanocytheridae (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from central Japan

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2924 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYOUICHI HIGASHI ◽  
AKIRA TSUKAGOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
The Past ◽  
Eurasian Continent ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
North Western

Four interstitial cobanocytherid species are described from central Japan: Cobanocythere ikeyai sp. nov., Cobanocythere lata sp. nov., Paracobanocythere watanabei sp. nov. and Paracobanocythere grandis sp. nov. The reports of the two new Paracobanocythere species are the second and third for this genus since the original description of P. hawaiiensis Gottwald, 1983. Cobanocythere ikeyai sp. nov., and C. lata sp. nov., from Japan are morphologically more similar to the species of the “lanceolata group” by Gottwald (1983) and C. guttaeformis Gottwald, 1983 from the Galapagos Islands, respectively, rather than to other Cobanocythere species from Japan. The Japanese archipelago (eastern Eurasian Continent) and the Galapagos Islands (north-western South America) are separated by about 15,000 km from each other, and have never been adjoined throughout geological history. This fact, and also the morphological similarities between Cobanocythere species from Japan and the Galapagos Islands, suggests that this genus may have undergone global dispersal at several times in the past. Conversely, the genera Cobanocythere and Paracobanocythere are distributed not only around continents and continental islands but also around oceanic islands such as the Hawaiian and Galapagos Islands. We conclude, therefore, that the cobanocytherids seem to have been able to disperse long distances across oceans.

scholarly journals Negative Impacts of Human Land Use on Dung Beetle Functional Diversity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e17976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Barragán ◽  
Claudia E. Moreno ◽  
Federico Escobar ◽  
Gonzalo Halffter ◽  
Dario Navarrete
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Negative Impacts

scholarly journals Efficiency of Buzzing Bees in Fruit Set and Seed Set ofSolanum violaceumin Sri Lanka

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. M. U. M. Wanigasekara ◽  
W. A. I. P. Karunaratne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Buzz Pollination ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Plant-pollinator interactions are often considered as tightly coevolved, mutualistic relationships. The present study aimed at determining the flower visiting bees of the vegetable crop,Solanum violaceum, and the efficiency of buzz pollination by bees on fruit and seed production in Sri Lanka. Seven bee species:Hoplonomia westwoodi,Amegilla comberi,Patellapis kaluterae,Xylocopa tenuiscapa,Apis dorsata,Trigona iridipennis, andCeratina hieroglyphicavisited the flowers ofS. violaceum, and the first four species were buzzing bees. Buzzing bees were the first to visitSolanumflowers and were followed by nonbuzzing bees. Handling time ofH. westwoodiandP. kaluteraevaried with the availability of pollen in anthers that deplete with the age of flower and stayed longer at new flowers than at old flowers. Handling time of the larger buzzing bee,H. westwoodi, was higher than that of the smallerP. kaluterae. The fruit set, seed set, and seed germinability in flowers visited by buzzing bees were significantly higher than those of the flowers bagged to exclude pollinators.

scholarly journals Anurans of the sandy coastal plains of the Lagamar Paulista, state of São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Zina ◽  
Cynthia Peralta de Almeida Prado ◽  
Cinthia Aguirre Brasileiro ◽  
Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Study Sites

Insular habitats are considered ideal for biogeographic studies, as they represent almost closed habitats with known formation timelines. Although São Paulo state in Brazil has a large number of continental and oceanic islands, few studies have examined the composition of the fauna in each locality. These studies are crucial to determine the community structure and to make biogeographic and phylogenetic inferences. From February 2007 to January 2009, we surveyed the anuran community of sandy coastal plains in four municipalities of the Lagamar Paulista: Cananéia, Ilha Comprida, Iguape and Pariquera-Açu, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This region is located in the Cananéia-Iguape estuary complex, comprising three continental islands: Ilha de Cananéia, Ilha Comprida, and Ilha do Cardoso, and the continental portions adjacent to these islands in the municipalities of Iguape and Pariquera-Açu. Through the use of pitfall traps and active search, we registered a total of 32 anuran species: 17 in Ilha Comprida, 21 in Ilha de Cananéia, 26 in Ilha do Cardoso, 27 in Iguape, and 23 in Pariquera-Açu. The analysis of the richness indices of the study sites revealed higher values in continental areas. This result is very common in comparative studies between islands and continents. This may be caused by an island effect and may reveal the historical process of island formation in the Lagamar. Our findings provide important information for identifying patterns of amphibian distribution in insular areas of the São Paulo coast, and for examining how events of marine transgression and regression have affected the local amphibian communities.

scholarly journals Plant-pollinator interactions in East Asia: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Funamoto
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Plant Reproductive Success ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Pollination studies in East Asia have been developing rapidly in recent decades. East Asia may provide important information on many aspects of plant-pollinator interactions because of the rich fauna and flora and highly heterogeneous environments that occur there. In this review, plant-pollinator interactions in East Asia were summarized. Bumblebees are important pollinators of many plant species in East Asia, as well as in Europe and North America. Native honeybees may also have important roles in pollination in East Asia. Bird pollination and hawkmoth pollination may be less common in East Asia than in North America. Geographic variation in pollination interactions is expected because several types of pollinators are rare or absent in some habitats or geographic regions. For example, specialized nectar-feeding vertebrates like sunbirds and pteropodid bats are absent from most of East Asia except for some areas in its southern part. Opportunistic nectar-feeding vertebrates may have important roles in pollination where specialized nectar-feeding vertebrates are absent. Human impacts on plant pollinator interactions are understudied in this region. However, climate change, habitat degradation, and invasive species may have negative impacts on plant-pollinator interactions and thus plant reproductive success there. The information available on the plant-pollinator interactions in East Asia is still limited because many plant and pollinator taxa and many types of habitats are understudied.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of plant-pollinator networks on oceanic island: lower specialization when resources are more abundant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiangping wang ◽  
Tong Zeng ◽  
Meihong Wen ◽  
Mingsong Wu ◽  
Dianxiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Oceanic Island ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Floral Resource ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Abstract Background: The seasonal dynamics of plant and pollinator species components in the community could influence the structure of plant-pollinator networks. However, such dynamics are seldom been attention for oceanic islands networks. Here, we estimated the seasonal variation of seven plant-pollinator networks in Yongxing Island community. We collected a two-monthly data for each network of four seasons and used temporally discrete networks to characterize seasonal changes in plant-pollinator interactions. We predicted that greater floral resource availability in the season would allow for higher specialization patterns as previously described across large spatial gradients, with finer partitioning of the floral niche by the pollinators. Results: As we expected, we found that rainy season network with more plant species in bloom, showed higher levels of network-wide specialization and modularity. However, when we compared seven targeted sampling networks, both the network-wide specialization and modularity were negatively correlated with the number of plant species in bloom. There were no differences between rainy and dry seasons and among four seasons in species-level indices, suggesting that higher network level specialization may be an emergent property only seen when considering the entire network. Hawkmoths presented higher values of specialization in relation to other functional groups; and Apidae presented higher values of species strength than other functional groups. These results suggest some specialized plant species are visited only by Hawkmoths, and most plants associated with Apidae are used by this group. Conclusions: Our results suggested that, on oceanic island, increased floral resource availability in the season may not promote lower interspecific competition among pollinators leading to increased niche overlap, thus explaining the decreased in specialization. Plant-pollinator interactions data collection during dry, rainy season and all year-round generates lower network specialization than four seasons, and this may because that most pollinator species activity spans longer periods than a single season on islands. Thus, depending on the period of data collection, different networks structure of interaction may be found. Plant-pollinator networks have structural properties that vary according to seasons, and this should be taken into account in the studies of complex systems of interactions between plants and pollinators in oceanic islands communities.

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