scholarly journals Expression of concern: Personality composition is more important than group size in determining collective foraging behaviour in the wild

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1926) ◽  
pp. 20200848
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Collective Foraging

scholarly journals Personality composition is more important than group size in determining collective foraging behaviour in the wild

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1796) ◽  
pp. 20141424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl N. Keiser ◽  
Jonathan N. Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Collective Behaviour ◽  
Nest Architecture ◽  
Social Spider ◽  
The Social ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Behavioural Phenotypes ◽  
Collective Foraging ◽  
Animal Societies

Describing the factors that shape collective behaviour is central to our understanding of animal societies. Countless studies have demonstrated an effect of group size in the emergence of collective behaviours, but comparatively few have accounted for the composition/diversity of behavioural phenotypes, which is often conflated with group size. Here, we simultaneously examine the effect of personality composition and group size on nest architecture and collective foraging aggressiveness in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola . We created colonies of two different sizes (10 or 30 individuals) and four compositions of boldness (all bold, all shy, mixed bold and shy, or average individuals) in the field and then measured their collective behaviour. Larger colonies produced bigger capture webs, while colonies containing a higher proportion of bold individuals responded to and attacked prey more rapidly. The number of attackers during collective foraging was determined jointly by composition and size, although composition had an effect size more than twice that of colony size: our results suggest that colonies of just 10 bold spiders would attack prey with as many attackers as colonies of 110 ‘average’ spiders. Thus, personality composition is a more potent (albeit more cryptic) determinant of collective foraging in these societies.

scholarly journals Group size and aquatic vegetation modulates male preferences for female shoals in wild zebrafish, Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Ghoshal ◽  
Anuradha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Aquatic Flora ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual

AbstractShoaling decisions in the wild are determined by a combination of innate preferences of the individual along with the interplay of multiple ecological factors. In their natural habitat as well as in the laboratory, zebrafish is a shoaling fish. Here, we investigate the role of group size and associated vegetation in shaping shoaling preferences of wild male zebrafish. We studied the association preference of males to groups of female shoals in a multi-choice test design. We found that males made greater proportion of visits to an 8-female group compared to 2 and 4-female groups. However, males spent similar proportions of time across the three female-containing groups. When artificial vegetation was incorporated along with female number as an additional factor, we found that males prefer high and moderately vegetated patches compared to low or no-vegetation groups, irrespective of the number of females in these patches. Based on experiments using a novel multi-choice design, our results show that preference for group size can change due to interaction of two separate factors. This work is a first attempt to understand the role of aquatic flora in determining shoaling preferences in zebrafish, using an experimental paradigm consisting of a gradation in female and vegetation densities.

Seeing in the swamp: hydrogen sulfide inhibits eye metabolism and visual acuity in a sulfide-tolerant fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 20210329
Author(s):  
Claire A. Allore ◽  
Giulia S. Rossi ◽  
Patricia A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Fish Vision ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Kryptolebias Marmoratus ◽  
Mangrove Rivulus

In fish, vision may be impaired when eye tissue is in direct contact with environmental conditions that limit aerobic ATP production. We hypothesized that the visual acuity of fishes exposed to hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)-rich water would be altered owing to changes in cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. Using the H 2 S-tolerant mangrove rivulus ( Kryptolebias marmoratus ), we showed that a 10 min exposure to greater than or equal to 200 µM of H 2 S impaired visual acuity and COX activity in the eye. Visual acuity and COX activity were restored in fish allowed to recover in H 2 S-free water for up to 1 h. Since K. marmoratus are found in mangrove pools with H 2 S concentrations exceeding 1000 µM, visual impairment may impact predator avoidance, navigation and foraging behaviour in the wild.

Effects of predation risk on foraging behaviour and group size: adaptations in a social cooperative species

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Sorato ◽  
Philippa R. Gullett ◽  
Simon C. Griffith ◽  
Andrew F. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Foraging Behaviour

The Influence of Group Size On Predator Scanning and Foraging Behaviour of Wedgecapped Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Olivaceus)

Behaviour ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 98 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 240-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan R. De Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Capuchin Monkeys ◽  
Time Budgets ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Cebus Olivaceus ◽  
Travel Distances

AbstractThe behaviour of two groups of wedgecapped capuchin monkeys, Cebus olivaceus, a small one (n = 8) and a large one (n = 25) was recorded. Time budgets and other aspects of behaviour depended on group size. The differences can be explained as: adjustment to predation risk and intra-group food competition. In order to evade predation, members of the small groups scan more and stay at greater heights than those of the large group. Higher food competition within the large group was reflected in the composition of its diet, in longer travel distances, and higher levels of social behaviour. In particular during the dry season, the large group exploited unattractive and risky food sources. These results support ALEXANDER'S hypothesis on the causes of group formation.

scholarly journals Predictive ethoinformatics reveals the complex migratory behaviour of a pelagic seabird, the Manx Shearwater

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (84) ◽  
pp. 20130279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Freeman ◽  
Ben Dean ◽  
Holly Kirk ◽  
Kerry Leonard ◽  
Richard A. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Gps Tracking ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Manx Shearwater ◽  
Pelagic Seabird ◽  
Migratory Stopover

Understanding the behaviour of animals in the wild is fundamental to conservation efforts. Advances in bio-logging technologies have offered insights into the behaviour of animals during foraging, migration and social interaction. However, broader application of these systems has been limited by device mass, cost and longevity. Here, we use information from multiple logger types to predict individual behaviour in a highly pelagic, migratory seabird, the Manx Shearwater ( Puffinus puffinus ). Using behavioural states resolved from GPS tracking of foraging during the breeding season, we demonstrate that individual behaviours can be accurately predicted during multi-year migrations from low cost, lightweight, salt-water immersion devices. This reveals a complex pattern of migratory stopovers: some involving high proportions of foraging, and others of rest behaviour. We use this technique to examine three consecutive years of global migrations, revealing the prominence of foraging behaviour during migration and the importance of highly productive waters during migratory stopover.

scholarly journals Research of foraging and resting behaviour of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) in conditions of zoological garden as a tool for its restitution back to the wild

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Sandra Fraňová ◽  
Ivan Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Resting Behaviour ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Spermophilus Citellus ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Two Peaks

AbstractWe decided to focus our research on two basic forms of behaviour occurring in colonies of ground squirrels in semi-natural conditions of zoological gardens-foraging and resting behaviour. Our main goal was to perform an analysis of behaviour of ground squirrels living in captivity and to compare these two categories of behaviour on a set timeline. Our research has been performed throughout the span of years 2011and 2012, during which we were able to observe two separate ground squirrel colonies (A, B). In the analytical part, we described the two main forms of ground squirrels’ behaviour in Zoo Bojnice and we subjected the compiled information to a thorough statistical analysis with the aid of main comparison tools. Based on long-term observation and the analysis of the results, we were able to gather detailed information about the two behaviour categories and their duration within a time frame. The results from the year 2011 confirmed that ground squirrel’s behaviour, bred in captivity, the display of foraging behaviour is the most frequent during the day, as was also observed in wild ground squirrels recorded by Ambros (Ambros, 1999). Within the year 2011 (without human activity) foraging behaviour reaches two peaks with raised frequencies of display, in the daily time periods, the first from 9 to 11 am and the second from 2.30 to 5 pm. We noted a change in behaviour in 2012, when there was a reconstruction nearby the enclosures. These reconstructive activities influenced the behaviour (significant decrease of activity) of the ground squirrels in the presence of the assigned workers approximately until 3 pm, from which time-also in connection with the lessening of the worker’s presence-the foraging behaviour of ground squirrels began to rise rapidly, which held the peak on until 5 pm. Resting behaviour had only one peak with rising trend during the day in dependence on rising temperature of bedding in the enclosure, on which ground squirrels used to sunbathe. These findings give us valuable information about ground squirrels’ behaviour in captivity as well as behaviour influenced by human presence, what can be used in behavioural research of ground squirrels in the wild.

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