Evolving miogeanticlines of the East Mediterranean (Hellenic, Calabrian and Cyprus Outer Ridges)

1977 ◽  
Vol 284 (1322) ◽  
pp. 255-285 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Ridge ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Simple Closure ◽  
Side Scan Sonar ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
The Mediterranean

Extensive surveys with long range side-scan sonar, as well as an air-gun sub-bottom profiler and a narrow beam echo-sounder, are described for the eastern half of the Mediterranean Sea. The main structural trends are shown in plan view to follow the curve of the Hellenic Outer Ridge (previously known as the Mediterranean Ridge, East Mediterranean Ridge or Mediterranean Rise), and suggest a structural continuation into the Ionian Islands west of Greece. To the west a similar but smaller feature, the Calabrian Outer Ridge (external to the Calabrian Arc) is described. This is partly welded to the Hellenic Outer Ridge along a narrow suture zone. To the east the Hellenic Outer Ridge is shown to merge into the Cyprus Outer Ridge (external to the Cyprus Arc). The Hellenic Outer Ridge is clearly asymmetrical in cross section, with its steeper slope facing towards the interior of its Arc System. Folds and strike faults have been recognized on sonographs, particularly those of the Hellenic Outer Ridge. Cross-faults (possibly strike-slip) are numerous on the northern slope of this Outer Ridge. Cross-faults are especially well developed where the Ridge is narrowest and highest between Crete and North Africa, and where it may have been thickened by thrusting. In general the intensity of deformation decreases southwards across the Hellenic Outer Ridge. Slumping is probably responsible for progressively reducing the height of the relief produced by folding and faulting. The Hellenic, Calabrian and Cyprus Outer Ridges are interpreted as miogeanticlines related to the Plio-Quaternary phase of the continuing southwards outgrowth of the Hellenic, Calabrian and Cyprus Arc Systems. The large and small scale structures are of particular interest because they show the surface relief of some early evolutionary stages of dominantly compressional submarine mountain ranges before they are subject to subaerial erosion or modified by later tectonism. The driving force of the continuing orogeny is seen as resulting from local mantle diapirs spreading outwards from the Tyrrhenian, Aegean and Turkish regions, rather than from a simple closure of the Eastern Mediterranean due to the supposed convergence of the Eurasian and African ‘Plates’.

scholarly journals The Conflict Between Greece And Turkey In The Mediterranean Sea (International Maritime Law Study)

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Edanur Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Maritime Law ◽  
The Mediterranean

Turkey and Greece are again dragged into a new conflict in the East Mediterranean. Turkey and Greece vie for supremacy in the eastern Mediterranean. Turkey, for its part, indicated that Greece's claim to the territory would amount to a siege in the country by giving Greece a disproportionate amount of territory. This study aims to rethink the conflict between Greece and Turkey in the waters of the Mediterranean sea in the view of international maritime law. This study uses an empirical juridical approach. The Result of this research is Turkey does not ignore the Greece rights, Greece ignores the international law with its extended or excessive maritime claims. Greece tries to give full entitlement of the islands in Mediterranean and Agean. Whereas the effect Formula is applied by international courts.

scholarly journals Fisheries in the Mediterranean

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. PAPACONSTANTINOU ◽  
H. FARRUGIO
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
General Description ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean

The aim of this paper is to give a description of the Mediterranean fisheries, and its level of exploitation and to address the main questions dealing with its management. The Mediterranean is a semi-enclosed marine area with generally narrow continental shelves. The primary production of the Mediterranean is among the lowest in the world (26-50g C m-2 y-1). The Mediterranean fisheries can be broken down into three main categories: small scale fisheries, trawling and seining fisheries, which operated on demersal, small pelagic and large pelagic resources. After a general description of the state of the resources in the different areas of the Mediterranean it is concluded that (a) the overall pictures from the western to the eastern Mediterranean are not considerably different, (b) the total landings in the Mediterranean have been increased the last decades, and (c) from the perspective of stock assessment, the very few available time series data show stable yield levels. In general fisheries management in the Mediterranean is at a rela- tively early stage of development, judging by the criteria of North Atlantic fisheries. Quota systems are generally not applied, mesh-size regulations usually are set at low levels relative to scientific advice, and effort limitation is not usually applied or, if it is, is not always based on a formal resource assessment. The conservation/management measures applied by the Mediterranean countries can be broadly separated into two major categories: those aiming to keep the fishing effort under control and those aiming to make the exploitation pattern more rational. The most acute problems in the management of the Mediterranean resources are the multispecificity of the catches and the lack of reliable official statistics.

Paleoclimatic Record of a Long Deep Sea Core from the Eastern Mediterranean

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bianca Cita ◽  
Colette Vergnaud-Grazzini ◽  
Christian Robert ◽  
Hervé Chamley ◽  
Neri Ciaranfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Mediterranean Ridge ◽  
Globigerinoides Ruber ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
The Mediterranean

A deep-sea core over 16 m long from the crestal area of the Mediterranean Ridge has been investigated with different techniques, including quantitative micropaleontology, stable isotopes (measured on the epipelagic species Globigerinoides ruber and on the mesopelagic species Globorotalia inflata), and clay mineralogy. The resulting record of climatic fluctuations can be cross correlated to other Mediterranean cores by means of isochronous lithologies (tephra layers and sapropels). The climatic record of the Mediterranean is similar in character, phase, and chronology to the records investigated in the equatorial Pacific and in the Caribbean. Isotope stages 1 to 17 have been recognized. Cyclically repeated stagnant cycles resulting in sapropel deposition complicate both the isotopic and the faunal signal. The isotopic investigations reveal that the temperature change in the surface layers of the eastern Mediterranean was no greater than 8°C in the late “glacial” Pleistocene. The chronostratigraphic and biostratigraphic interpretation of Core KS09 indicate that the mean sedimentation rate was 2.4 cm/1000 years, a value very close to the 2.5 cm/1000 years calculated for the entire Quaternary section at DSDP Site 125, also located in the crestal area of the Mediterranean Ridge in the Ionian Basin. The base of KS09 is likely to be very close to the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary dated at 0.7 my.

scholarly journals Lee waves detection over the Mediterranean Sea using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV) dataset

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo Papandrea ◽  
Stefano Casadio ◽  
Elisa Castelli ◽  
Bianca Maria Dinelli ◽  
Mario Marcello Miglietta
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Lee Waves ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves generated downstream by the orography in a stratified airflow are known as lee waves. In the present study, such mesoscale patterns have been detected, over water and in clear sky conditions, using the Advanced Infra-Red WAter Vapour Estimator (AIRWAVE) Total Column Water Vapour (TCWV) dataset, which contains about 20-year day-night products, obtained from the thermal infra-red measurements of the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) instrument series. The good accuracy of such data, along 5 with the native 1 × 1 km2 spatial resolution, allows the investigation of small scale features as the lee waves. In this work, we focused on the Mediterranean region, the largest semi-enclosed basin on the Earth. The peculiarities of this area, which is characterized by complex orography and rough coastlines, lead indeed to a possible development of these structures both over land and over sea. We developed an automatic tool for the rapid detection of areas with high probability of lee waves occurrence, exploiting the TCWV variability in spatial regions 0.15° × 0.15° wide. Through this analysis, several occurrences of structures connected with lee waves have been observed. The waves are detected in spring, fall and summer seasons, with TCWV values usually falling in the range from 15 to 35 kg m−2. In this article we describe some cases over the Central (Italy) and the Eastern Mediterranean basin (Greece, Turkey, Cyprus). We compared a case of perturbed AIRWAVE TCWV fields due to lee waves occurred over the Tyrrhenian Sea on 18 July 1997 with the sea surface winds from the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which sounded the same geographical area, finding a good agreement. Another case has been investigated in detail: on 2 August 2002 the Aegean sea region was almost simultaneously sounded by both ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments. The AIRWAVE TCWV fields derived from the two sensors were successfully compared with the vertically integrated water vapour content simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) numerical model for the same time period, confirming our findings. Wave parameters such as amplitude, wavelength and phase, are described through the use of the Morlet ContinuousWavelet Transformation (CWT). The performed analysis derived typical wavelengths from 6 to 8 km and amplitude that may extend up to 20 kg m−2.

scholarly journals Pre-collisional geodynamics of the Mediterranean Sea: the Mediterranean Ridge and the Tyrrhenian Sea

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mascle ◽  
E. Chaumillon
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Geodynamic Setting ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Ridge ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mountain Chain ◽  
Accretionary Prisms ◽  
Back Arc

Today the Mediterranean Sea consists of a series of small-sized and almost geographically disconnected oceanic or continental crust rooted marine basins. It is also an area almost totally surrounded by mountain ranges, which chiefly belong to the alpine realm. This overall geodynamic setting results from a long term convergence between the two major, African and European, plates. Previous collisions have led to the edification of surrounding chains, while subduction and new-collisional processes tend to create new extensional back-arc basins and wide tectonized accretionary prisms. In this paper we briefly outline the most recent and almost land-locked back-arc basin that has developed in the Mediterranean,i.e., the Tyrrhenian Sea, and the Mediterranean Ridge, which may be regarded as a collisional sedimentary wedge predating a future mountain chain.

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