Fatigue in aerostructures—where structural health monitoring can contribute to a complex subject

2006 ◽  
Vol 365 (1851) ◽  
pp. 561-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Boller ◽  
Matthias Buderath
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Fatigue Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maintenance Process ◽  
Complex Subject

An overview of the aircraft design and maintenance process is given with specific emphasis on the fatigue design as well as the phenomenon of the ageing aircraft observed over the life cycle. The different measures taken to guarantee structural integrity along the maintenance process are addressed. The impact of structural health monitoring as a means of possibly revolutionizing the current aircraft structural monitoring and design process is emphasized and comparison is made to jet engines and helicopters, where health monitoring has already found the respective breakthrough.

scholarly journals A Novel Composite with Structural Health Monitoring Functionality via 2D and 3D Impedance Mapping Topography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Georgios Foteinidis ◽  
Alkiviadis S. Paipetis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Junction Points ◽  
Sinusoidal Electric Field ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We report the transformation of a conventional composite material into a multifunctional structure able to provide information about its structural integrity. A purposely positioned grid of carbon fabric strips located within a glass fibre laminate in alternating 0/90 configuration combined with a ternary nanomodified epoxy matrix imparted structural health monitoring (SHM) topographic capabilities to the composite using the impedance spectroscopy (IS) technique. The matrix was reinforced with homogenously dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB). A sinusoidal electric field was applied locally over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 kHz between the junction points of the grid of carbon fabric strips. The proposed design enabled topographic damage assessment after a high-velocity impact via the local monitoring of the impedance. The data obtained from the IS measurements were depicted by magnitude and phase delay Bode plots and Nyquist plots. The impedance values were used to create a 2D and a multi-layer (3D) contour topographical image of the damaged area, which revealed crucial information about the structural integrity of the composite.

scholarly journals Diseño e implementación de un sistema de adquisición y monitoreo de datos (shm) para un rectificador de protección catódica usado en ductos.

Respuestas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alejandro Rodríguez-Caro ◽  
Enrique Vera-López ◽  
Helver Mauricio Muñoz-Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Cathodic Protection System

Antecedentes: La protección catódica por corriente impresa es uno de los métodos para prevenir la corrosión de tuberías o tanques, preservando el estado estructural y la integridad del material. Para que un sistema de protección catódica funcione correctamente debe existir un control sobre las variables eléctricas que intervienen en el proceso, es por ello que se hace necesario monitorear variables tales como (Voltaje, Corriente y Potencial de protección). Objetivo: De esta manera se desarrolla un sistema de adquisición y monitoreo de datos en tiempo real, con el propósito de aumentar la accesibilidad a las variables eléctricas y de esta forma mejorar el funcionamiento del sistema de protección catódica. Métodos: El sistema de monitoreo y análisis de la información se basa en el concepto de SHM (Structural Health Monitoring), el cual consta de; un sistema electrónico de adquisición y envío remoto de señales (micro controlador y sistema GSM de comunicaciones) y un sistema de visualización y análisis de la información en un sistema móvil (celular), usando un servidor web para ello. Teniendo en cuenta que la condición de integridad estructural del ducto está determinada por el correcto funcionamiento del rectificador. Resultados: se logró implementar un sistema de monitoreo y visualización remota de las variables principales de un sistema de protección catódica. Se desarrolló un algoritmo basado en el concepto de SHM, el cual permite correlacionar, generar tendencia y establecer criterios de funcionamiento del sistema de protección catódica que permiten establecer si el sistema está asegurando la integridad estructural del ducto de transporte de crudo. Conclusión: lo novedoso del presente trabajo consiste en mostrar el comportamiento en tiempo real de las variables necesarias para analizar si el ducto está siendo correctamente protegido y generar las alarmas e informes sobre protección catódica, lo cual es la base del concepto de SHM (Structural Health Monitoring).AbstractBackground: Cathodic protection by impressed current is one of the methods to prevent corrosion of pipes or tanks, preserving the structural state and integrity of the material. For a cathodic protection system to function properly there must to be a control over the electrical variables involved in the process, which is why it is necessary to monitor variables such as (voltage, current and potential protection). Objective: to develop a system of data acquisition and monitoring in real time, in order to increase accessibility to electrical variables and thus improve the operation of the cathodic protection system. Methods: The monitoring and information analysis system is based on the concept of SHM (Structural Health Monitoring), which consists of an electronic system for remote acquisition and sending of signals (micro controller and GSM communications system) and a system for visualization and analysis of information in a mobile system (cell) using a web server for it. Given that the condition of structural integrity of the pipeline is determined by the correct operation of the rectifier. Results: It was possible to implement a monitoring and remote viewing system of the main variables of a cathodic protection system. An algorithm based on the concept of SHM was developed, allowing to correlate, generate trend and establish performance criteria for the cathodic protection system which allows to establish whether the system is ensuring the structural integrity of the crude transportation pipeline. Conclusion: the novelty of this work is to show the realtime behavior of the variables needed to analyze whether the pipeline is being properly protected and generate alarms and reports regarding cathodic protection, which is based on the concept of SHM (Structural Health Monitoring).Palabras Clave: corriente, corrosión, Innovación, monitoreo, SHM (Structural Health Monitoring)

scholarly journals Structural Health Monitoring for cultural heritage constructions: a resilience perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pina Limongelli ◽  
Zehra Irem Turksezer ◽  
Pier Francesco Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Heritage Constructions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Over Time

<p>Disturbances or disruptive events may induce reductions of functionality of the built environment. For Cultural Heritage (CH) structures, functionalities may range from technical, to economic ones linked to touristic activities, up to intangible functionalities related to the cultural and social value of these constructions. Resilience can be defined as the capability of a system overcome a disturbance with the minimum total loss of functionality over time. Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) may enhance resilience by providing information that can support decision making, aiming to reduce the impact of the disturbances. In this paper, the benefits of SHM systems as means for improving resilience of CH structures are addressed and discussed with specific reference to the three different decision situations; before, during and after events of disturbances. Examples of real applications of SHM for CH structures and its effect on the resilience of the system conclude the paper.</p>

An Impact-Based Experimental Setup for Evaluation of Rapid Electromechanical Impedance-Based Structural Health Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Alshaikh Ali ◽  
Eric C. Nolan ◽  
Steven R. Anton ◽  
Mohsen Safaei
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Excitation Signal ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work investigates the application of structural health monitoring (SHM) in a dynamic environment with the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method. Classically, the EMI method monitors civil or mechanical structures for damage in static environments. Advances in data acquisition (DAQ) now allow the possibility of rapid damage detection in dynamic environments. An impact-based experimental setup is developed to create a repeatable dynamic event through a collision between a pneumatically actuated striker bar and a static incident bar instrumented with a piezoelectric transducer. The EMI method is employed to detect the change of state at the interface of the two colliding bars. Experimental results prove the pneumatic launching system is capable of repeatable dynamic events, but the duration of contact is only 0.03 ms and the current DAQ system is incapable of detecting the event. A 3D printed programming material interface is placed at the location of impact to increase the duration of contact to approximately 1 ms. An excitation signal is created to continuously sweep a 0.5 ms chirp signal with a frequency bandwidth from 60–70 kHz (previously identified damage sensitive frequency bandwidth from static testing) for 7.5 seconds. Results indicate that due to the sampling rate and sweep time of the excitation signal, the frequency resolution is not adequate to properly assess if the impact is detected. Improvements in the DAQ hardware must be considered for future work.

Impact Detection Using an Array of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors and a Microcontroller Unit

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Light-Marquez ◽  
Andrei Zagrai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Impact Detection ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafer ◽  
The Impact

This report discusses the development of an embeddable impact detection system utilizing an array of piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) and a microcontroller. Embeddable systems are a critical component to successfully implement a complete and robust structural health monitoring system. System capabilities include impact detection, impact location determination and digitization of the impact waveform. A custom algorithm was developed to locate the site of the impact.. The embedded system has the potential for additional capabilities including advanced signal processing and the integration of wireless functionality. For structural health monitoring applications it is essential to determine the extent of damage done to the structure. In an attempt to determine these parameters a series of impact tests were conducted using a ball drop tower on a square aluminum plate. The response of the plate to the impact event was recorded using a piezoelectric wafer sensor network attached to the surface of the plate. From this testing it was determined that several of the impact parameters are directly correlated with the features recorded by the sensor network.

Structural Health Monitoring for Steel Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 1088-1091
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Wei Bing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Identification Strategy

The process of implementing a damage identification strategy for aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering infrastructure is referred to as structural health monitoring. Many different types and degrees accidents take place, especially some important collapse accidents, the significance of steel structural health monitoring has been recognized. The introduction begins with a brief research status of steel structural health monitoring in china and the world. The paper analyzes the projects and contents of steel structures monitoring from nine aspects and summarizes the diagnosis methods of steel structural damages which include power fingerprint analysis, the methods of model correction and system identification, neural network methods, genetic algorithm and wavelet analysis, it provides us theoretical guidence. In conclusion, structural health monitoring for steel structures could reduce the impact of such disasters immediately after natural hazards and man-made disasters both economically and socially, thus it is becoming increasingly important.

scholarly journals On the Influence of Capillary-Based Structural Health Monitoring on Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation in Straight Lugs

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Moonens ◽  
Eric Wyart ◽  
Dieter De De Baere ◽  
Michaël Hinderdael ◽  
Julien Ertveldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Crack Initiation ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
The Impact

This paper addresses the influence on the fatigue life induced by the implementation of a capillary-based structural health monitoring methodology, patented under the name eSHM. It consists in integrating structurally small and pressurized capillaries into the component, so that when a fatigue crack breaches the capillary network, it results in a leak flow to the open atmosphere and loss of pressure in the galleries which is detected by a pressure sensor. The novelty of the proposed system resides in the opportunity to locate the capillary according to the designer’s need, as one resorts to additive manufacturing for the part production. However, the presence of these galleries in highly stressed regions raises concerns about crack initiation at the capillary itself and accelerated fatigue crack growth. This paper aims at the quantification of the influence the eSHM has on the fatigue behavior of the component and the determination whether this influence is significant or not. To that purpose, numerical simulations on a straight lug component, using the finite elements and eXtended Finite Elements Methods (XFEM), are performed. Various capillary sizes and shapes are assessed, so as to enable a general conclusion on the impact of the eSHM methodology in straight lugs.

Composite High-Rise Structures: Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Case Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Koorosh Gharehbaghi ◽  
Maged Georgy ◽  
Farshid Rahmani
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
High Rise

High-rise construction typically implies a multi-storey structure approximately between forty to hundred and twenty meters tall (approximately twelve to forty storeys). On the other hand, composite materials are those made from two or more constituents generally with considerably dissimilar physical or chemical compositions. The focal point in this paper is in-particular on high-rise construction and whether or not composite materials’ structural integrity, and long-term sustainability, is comparable to that of a traditional building. To assess the composite materials’ structural integrity, Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) will also be utilised. While, composites possess different characteristics from those common to traditional materials; the universal purpose of producing such materials is to produce matters, which are stronger, lighter, and commonly less expensive. Generally, in construction, the composite materials typically include geo-polymers, fiber-reinforced concrete and others. For high-rise construction, these composite materials require to bear a variety of demanding conditions, including high winds and seismic conditions, which are important design factors for such structures. Nevertheless, a particular benefit of composite materials for high rise construction is their overall ability to maintain structural integrity despite their lack of conventional composition. The composite materials are traditionally utilised for high-rise buildings in order to reinforce the overall structural integrity. Accordingly, this paper will also include a number of case studies to support the ever-increasing utilization of composite materials for high-rise construction.

Integration of scheduled structural health monitoring with airline maintenance program based on risk analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Sun ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Chaoyi Li ◽  
Hongsheng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
System Level ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Operational Concept ◽  
Maintenance Process

The aerospace industry is striving to reduce the aircraft operating costs while maintaining required safety level. Emerging technologies such as the structural health monitoring to reduce long-term maintenance cost and increase aircraft availability are promoted by the manufacturers. To successfully integrate the structural health monitoring technology into the current maintenance process of modern commercial aviation, a clear definition of the structural-health-monitoring-based maintenance operational concept and the system level requirements is required. This article proposed a structural health monitoring operational concept and the associated maintenance cost modeling and risk assessment methods for the implementation of the structural health monitoring in commercial aviation industry. The developed methodology provides a tool to determine the optimal scheduled structural health monitoring inspection interval and repair decision thresholds for approved scheduled structural health monitoring task. A simulated case study is carried out to demonstrate the structural health monitoring operational concept and how an optimal maintenance strategy can be determined using the proposed methodology. Preliminary results show that the integration of the structural health monitoring into the existing maintenance process can reduce the maintenance cost compared to that of the current practice using the traditional Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques while maintaining the risk below an acceptable level.

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