scholarly journals Memory formation: from network structure to neural dynamics

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1918) ◽  
pp. 2251-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Feldt ◽  
Jane X. Wang ◽  
Vaughn L. Hetrick ◽  
Joshua D. Berke ◽  
Michal Żochowski
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Neuronal Dynamics ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
The Brain

Understanding the neural correlates of brain function is an extremely challenging task, since any cognitive process is distributed over a complex and evolving network of neurons that comprise the brain. In order to quantify observed changes in neuronal dynamics during hippocampal memory formation, we present metrics designed to detect directional interactions and the formation of functional neuronal ensembles. We apply these metrics to both experimental and model-derived data in an attempt to link anatomical network changes with observed changes in neuronal dynamics during hippocampal memory formation processes. We show that the developed model provides a consistent explanation of the anatomical network modifications that underlie the activity changes observed in the experimental data.

scholarly journals Ask and You Shall Receive: A closer look on unsolved consciousness issue

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Motavalli ◽  
◽  
Javad Mahmoudi ◽  
Alireza Majdi ◽  
Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Neural Correlates Of Consciousness ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Brain

Although there are numerous views about the concept of consciousness, no consensus exists regarding the meaning. However, with the aid of the latest neuroscientific developments, the misleading obstacles related to consciousness have been removed. Over the last few decades, neuroscientific efforts in determining the function of the brain and merging these findings with philosophical theories, have brought a more comprehensive perception of the notion of consciousness. In addition to metaphysical/ontological views of consciousness e.g., higher-order theories, reflexive theories, and representationalist theories, there are some brain directed topics in this matter which include but not are limited to neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), brain loop connectivity, and lateralization. This narrative review sheds light on cultural and historical aspects of consciousness in old and middle ages and introduces some of the prominent philosophical discussions related to mind and body. Also, it illustrates the correlation of brain function with states of consciousness with a focus on the roles of function and connectivity.

scholarly journals Multiple timescales of neural dynamics and integration of task-relevant signals across cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22522-22531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Spitmaan ◽  
Hyojung Seo ◽  
Daeyeol Lee ◽  
Alireza Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Area ◽  
Dynamic Decision Making ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Neuronal Dynamics ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Multiple Timescales ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Organizational Principle ◽  
The Brain

A long-lasting challenge in neuroscience has been to find a set of principles that could be used to organize the brain into distinct areas with specific functions. Recent studies have proposed the orderly progression in the time constants of neural dynamics as an organizational principle of cortical computations. However, relationships between these timescales and their dependence on response properties of individual neurons are unknown, making it impossible to determine how mechanisms underlying such a computational principle are related to other aspects of neural processing. Here, we developed a comprehensive method to simultaneously estimate multiple timescales in neuronal dynamics and integration of task-relevant signals along with selectivity to those signals. By applying our method to neural and behavioral data during a dynamic decision-making task, we found that most neurons exhibited multiple timescales in their response, which consistently increased from parietal to prefrontal and cingulate cortex. While predicting rates of behavioral adjustments, these timescales were not correlated across individual neurons in any cortical area, resulting in independent parallel hierarchies of timescales. Additionally, none of these timescales depended on selectivity to task-relevant signals. Our results not only suggest the existence of multiple canonical mechanisms for increasing timescales of neural dynamics across cortex but also point to additional mechanisms that allow decorrelation of these timescales to enable more flexibility.

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of the Natural Observation of an Emotionally Loaded Video

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanni Nanni ◽  
Joel Martínez-Soto ◽  
Leopoldo Gonzalez-Santos ◽  
Fernando A. Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Know How ◽  
Modeling Stress ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain

AbstractStudies based on a paradigm of free or natural viewing have revealed characteristics that allow us to know how the brain processes stimuli within a natural environment. This method has been little used to study brain function. With a connectivity approach, we examine the processing of emotions using an exploratory method to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. This research describes our approach to modeling stress paradigms suitable for neuroimaging environments. We showed a short film (4.54 minutes) with high negative emotional valence and high arousal content to 24 healthy male subjects (36.42 years old; SD=12.14) during fMRI. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify networks based on spatial statistical independence. Through this analysis we identified the sensorimotor system and its influence on the dorsal attention and default-mode networks, which in turn have reciprocal activity and modulate networks described as emotional.

scholarly journals Emergence of preconfigured and plastic time-compressed sequences in early postnatal development

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 363 (6423) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Farooq ◽  
G. Dragoi
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Sequential Patterns ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Large Ensembles ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
The Brain

When and how hippocampal neuronal ensembles first organize to support encoding and consolidation of memory episodes, a critical cognitive function of the brain, are unknown. We recorded electrophysiological activity from large ensembles of hippocampal neurons starting on the first day after eye opening as naïve rats navigated linear environments and slept. We found a gradual age-dependent, navigational experience–independent assembly of preconfigured trajectory-like sequences from persistent, location-depicting ensembles during postnatal week 3. Adult-like compressed binding of adjacent locations into trajectories during navigation and their navigational experience–dependent replay during sleep emerged in concert from spontaneous preconfigured sequences only during early postnatal week 4. Our findings reveal ethologically relevant distinct phases in the development of hippocampal preconfigured and experience-dependent sequential patterns thought to be important for episodic memory formation.

scholarly journals Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6465) ◽  
pp. 628-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina E. Fultz ◽  
Giorgio Bonmassar ◽  
Kawin Setsompop ◽  
Robert A. Stickgold ◽  
Bruce R. Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Csf Flow ◽  
Csf Dynamics ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Brain

Sleep is essential for both cognition and maintenance of healthy brain function. Slow waves in neural activity contribute to memory consolidation, whereas cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clears metabolic waste products from the brain. Whether these two processes are related is not known. We used accelerated neuroimaging to measure physiological and neural dynamics in the human brain. We discovered a coherent pattern of oscillating electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and CSF dynamics that appears during non–rapid eye movement sleep. Neural slow waves are followed by hemodynamic oscillations, which in turn are coupled to CSF flow. These results demonstrate that the sleeping brain exhibits waves of CSF flow on a macroscopic scale, and these CSF dynamics are interlinked with neural and hemodynamic rhythms.

scholarly journals Personality and Neural Correlates of Mentalizing Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Allen ◽  
Amanda R. Rueter ◽  
Samantha V. Abram ◽  
James S. Brown ◽  
Colin G. Deyoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mind Task

Theory of mind, or mentalizing, defined as the ability to reason about another's mental states, is a crucial psychological function that is disrupted in some forms of psychopathology, but little is known about how individual differences in this ability relate to personality or brain function. One previous study linked mentalizing ability to individual differences in the personality trait Agreeableness. Agreeableness encompasses two major subdimensions: Compassion reflects tendencies toward empathy, prosocial behaviour, and interpersonal concern, whereas Politeness captures tendencies to suppress aggressive and exploitative impulses. We hypothesized that Compassion but not Politeness would be associated with better mentalizing ability. This hypothesis was confirmed in Study 1 ( N = 329) using a theory of mind task that required reasoning about the beliefs of fictional characters. Post hoc analyses indicated that the honesty facet of Agreeableness was negatively associated with mentalizing. In Study 2 ( N = 217), we examined whether individual differences in mentalizing and related traits were associated with patterns of resting–state functional connectivity in the brain. Performance on the theory of mind task was significantly associated with patterns of connectivity between the dorsal medial and core subsystems of the default network, consistent with evidence implicating these regions in mentalization. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals How glycogen sustains brain function: A plausible allosteric signaling pathway mediated by glucose phosphates

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1452-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro DiNuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Allosteric Effectors ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Higher Brain Functions ◽  
The Brain

Astrocytic glycogen is the sole glucose reserve of the brain. Both glycogen and glucose are necessary for basic neurophysiology and in turn for higher brain functions. In spite of low concentration, turnover and stimulation-induced degradation, any interference with normal glycogen metabolism in the brain severely affects neuronal excitability and disrupts memory formation. Here, I briefly discuss the glycogenolysis-induced glucose-sparing effect, which involves glucose phosphates as key allosteric effectors in the modulation of astrocytic and neuronal glucose uptake and phosphorylation. I further advance a novel and thus far unexplored effect of glycogenolysis that might be mediated by glucose phosphates.

Frontier concept of rabi chip for intelligent humanoid

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preecha Yupapin ◽  
Amiri I. S. ◽  
Ali J. ◽  
Ponsuwancharoen N. ◽  
Youplao P.
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Rabi Oscillation ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Dipole Oscillation ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Robotic Applications ◽  
Atom System

The sequence of the human brain can be configured by the originated strongly coupling fields to a pair of the ionic substances(bio-cells) within the microtubules. From which the dipole oscillation begins and transports by the strong trapped force, which is known as a tweezer. The tweezers are the trapped polaritons, which are the electrical charges with information. They will be collected on the brain surface and transport via the liquid core guide wave, which is the mixture of blood content and water. The oscillation frequency is called the Rabi frequency, is formed by the two-level atom system. Our aim will manipulate the Rabi oscillation by an on-chip device, where the quantum outputs may help to form the realistic human brain function for humanoid robotic applications.

Finding Community of Brain Networks Based on Neighbor Index and DPSO with Dynamic Crossover

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-299
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Junhong Feng ◽  
Fang-Xiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Mutation Operators ◽  
Neural Unit ◽  
Crossover And Mutation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Index Table ◽  
Dynamic Crossover

Background: : The brain networks can provide us an effective way to analyze brain function and brain disease detection. In brain networks, there exist some import neural unit modules, which contain meaningful biological insights. Objective:: Therefore, we need to find the optimal neural unit modules effectively and efficiently. Method:: In this study, we propose a novel algorithm to find community modules of brain networks by combining Neighbor Index and Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) with dynamic crossover, abbreviated as NIDPSO. The differences between this study and the existing ones lie in that NIDPSO is proposed first to find community modules of brain networks, and dose not need to predefine and preestimate the number of communities in advance. Results: : We generate a neighbor index table to alleviate and eliminate ineffective searches and design a novel coding by which we can determine the community without computing the distances amongst vertices in brain networks. Furthermore, dynamic crossover and mutation operators are designed to modify NIDPSO so as to alleviate the drawback of premature convergence in DPSO. Conclusion: The numerical results performing on several resting-state functional MRI brain networks demonstrate that NIDPSO outperforms or is comparable with other competing methods in terms of modularity, coverage and conductance metrics.

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