scholarly journals Mathematics of Web science: structure, dynamics and incentives

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1987) ◽  
pp. 20120377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Chayes
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous System ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Large Graphs ◽  
Finite Graphs ◽  
Online Networks ◽  
The People ◽  
Web Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Experience

Dr Chayes’ talk described how, to a discrete mathematician, ‘all the world’s a graph, and all the people and domains merely vertices’. A graph is represented as a set of vertices V and a set of edges E, so that, for instance, in the World Wide Web, V is the set of pages and E the directed hyperlinks; in a social network, V is the people and E the set of relationships; and in the autonomous system Internet, V is the set of autonomous systems (such as AOL, Yahoo! and MSN) and E the set of connections. This means that mathematics can be used to study the Web (and other large graphs in the online world) in the following way: first, we can model online networks as large finite graphs; second, we can sample pieces of these graphs; third, we can understand and then control processes on these graphs; and fourth, we can develop algorithms for these graphs and apply them to improve the online experience.

ACM Web Science Conference 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Wendy Hall ◽  
Noshir Contractor ◽  
Jie Tang
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Web Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Conference ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Web

The 13 th ACM Web Science Conference was hosted online by the University of Southampton from 21--25 June, 2021. The annual event is inherently interdisciplinary, integrating computer and information sciences with a multitude of disciplines including sociology, economics, political science, law, management, language and communication, geography and psychology. It is unique in the way it brings these disciplines together in creative and critical dialogue. It focuses on the full scope of socio-technical relationships that are engaged in the World Wide Web, based on the notion that understanding the Web involves not only an analysis of its architecture and applications, but also insight into the people, organisations, policies, and economics that are affected by and subsumed within it. Since it was first held in Athens in 2009, the conference has been hosted in six countries around the world.

Collaboration Intricacies of Web 2.0 for Training Human Resource Managers

2009 ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The World Wide Web (WWW) was initially written as a “point and click hypertext editor” (Berners-Lee, 1998, para. 2). Used as a search device by academia and industry, it has over the years experienced both rapid and explosive growth. Earlier incarnations of the World Wide Web were known as “Web 1.0.” Since its inception however the internet has undergone a rapid transformation into what is now considered a sense of community, a reciprocal sharing among users, and a sense of “cognitive presence” (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2000), which has been facilitated by a plethora of software tools that allowed users to widely share their work, in thought (e.g., blogs), in creative endeavors, and in collaborative projects. Siemens’ (2005) theory of “connectivism” encompasses the feeling that sharing promotes and encourages a sense of community that is continually being recreated by its audience. The newest forms of interaction are in the form of virtual worlds, in which avatars can attend class, build their own edifices, sell objects, and meet with other individuals in a global virtual exchange. What was once considered static computing has been transformed into a rich, dynamic environment that is defined by the people who peruse it, as evidenced in the following quotation: “The breaking down of barriers has led to many of the movements and issues we see on today’s internet. File-sharing, for example, evolves not of a sudden criminality among today’s youth, but rather in their pervasive belief that information is something meant to be shared” (Downes, 2006, para. 15). As of 2006, the Web had a billion users worldwide (Williams, 2007). Today’s Web users for the most part are not simply information seekers, but co-creators who wish to collaborate and share information in an electronic environment.

The Munich Rent Advisor: A success for logic programming on then Internet

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOM FRÜHWIRTH ◽  
SLIM ABDENNADHER
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Verbal Description ◽  
The Internet ◽  
User Group ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

Most cities in Germany regularly publish a booklet called the Mietspiegel. It basically contains a verbal description of an expert system. It allows the calculation of the estimated fair rent for a flat. By hand, one may need a weekend to do this task. With our computerized version, the Munich Rent Advisor, the user just fills in a form in a few minutes, and the rent is calculated immediately. We also extended the functionality and applicability of the Mietspiegel so that the user need not answer all questions on the form. The key to computing with partial information using high-level programming was to use constraint logic programming. We rely on the Internet, and more specifically the World Wide Web, to provide this service to a broad user group, the citizens of Munich and the people who are planning to move to Munich. To process the answers from the questionnaire and return its result, we wrote a small simple stable special-purpose web server directly in ECLiPSe. More than 10,000 people have used our service in the last three years. This article describes the experiences in implementing and using the Munich Rent Advisor. Our results suggest that logic programming with constraints can be an important ingredient in intelligent internet systems.

Perspective: The unfinished agenda

Water Policy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd H. Dieterich
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Health And Development

New targets for drinking water and sanitation were the prime water-related outcome of the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg. They aimed at better health and development. The critical mass needed to implement them must be created, primarily at the local level involving the people, governments and non-governmental organizations but with responsive participation and large-scale contributions of the international community. Many issues still need resolution in the light of experience since the 1980s. Let us launch a second Water Decade in 2004, world-wide, but vastly different from the Decade of the 1980s; a new Decade that will ensure enduring commitment and maintain the momentum created in Johannesburg.

Collaboration Intricacies of Web 2.0 for Training Human Resource Managers

2009 ◽  
pp. 546-552
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Cognitive Presence ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The World Wide Web (WWW) was initially written as a “point and click hypertext editor” (Berners-Lee, 1998, para. 2). Used as a search device by academia and industry, it has over the years experienced both rapid and explosive growth. Earlier incarnations of the World Wide Web were known as “Web 1.0.” Since its inception however the internet has undergone a rapid transformation into what is now considered a sense of community, a reciprocal sharing among users, and a sense of “cognitive presence” (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2000), which has been facilitated by a plethora of software tools that allowed users to widely share their work, in thought (e.g., blogs), in creative endeavors, and in collaborative projects. Siemens’ (2005) theory of “connectivism” encompasses the feeling that sharing promotes and encourages a sense of community that is continually being recreated by its audience. The newest forms of interaction are in the form of virtual worlds, in which avatars can attend class, build their own edifices, sell objects, and meet with other individuals in a global virtual exchange. What was once considered static computing has been transformed into a rich, dynamic environment that is defined by the people who peruse it, as evidenced in the following quotation: “The breaking down of barriers has led to many of the movements and issues we see on today’s internet. File-sharing, for example, evolves not of a sudden criminality among today’s youth, but rather in their pervasive belief that information is something meant to be shared” (Downes, 2006, para. 15). As of 2006, the Web had a billion users worldwide (Williams, 2007). Today’s Web users for the most part are not simply information seekers, but co-creators who wish to collaborate and share information in an electronic environment.

Bibliomining for Library Decision-Making

2011 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Scott Nicholson ◽  
Jeffrey Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Host Institution ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Provider Role ◽  
Huge Variety

Most people think of a library as the little brick building in the heart of their community or the big brick building in the center of a college campus. However, these notions greatly oversimplify the world of libraries. Most large commercial organizations have dedicated in-house library operations, as do schools; nongovernmental organizations; and local, state, and federal governments. With the increasing use of the World Wide Web, digital libraries have burgeoned, serving a huge variety of different user audiences. With this expanded view of libraries, two key insights arise. First, libraries are typically embedded within larger institutions. Corporate libraries serve their corporations, academic libraries serve their universities, and public libraries serve taxpaying communities who elect overseeing representatives. Second, libraries play a pivotal role within their institutions as repositories and providers of information resources. In the provider role, libraries represent in microcosm the intellectual and learning activities of the people who comprise the institution. This fact provides the basis for the strategic importance of library data mining: By ascertaining what users are seeking, bibliomining can reveal insights that have meaning in the context of the library’s host institution.

scholarly journals Indigenous and Transnational Values in Oceania: Heritage Reappropriation, From Museums to the World Wide Web

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica De Largy Healy ◽  
Barbara Glowczewski
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Singular Values ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

What is the value of heritage? A source of explosive emotions which oppose the “value” of so-called Western expertise – history of social and human sciences and constant reevaluation of the heritage market – versus the values in “becoming” of the people who recognise themselves in this heritage and who claim it as a foundation for an alternative and better life? In this paper, we examine some of the ways in which different groups in the Pacific reinterpret their heritage in order to redefine their singular values as cultural subjectivities: individual, collective and national, diasporic or transnational in the case of some Indigenous networks (Festival of the Pacific Arts, Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, etc).

Familiar Wikidata: The Case for Building a Data Source We Can Trust

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance Crompton ◽  
Lori Antranikian ◽  
Ruth Truong ◽  
Paige Maskell
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Source

Wikipedia is far from perfect. The same can be said of its sister project, Wikidata. And yet, excluding the World Wide Web itself, Wikipedia and Wikidata together represent the world’s largest structured humanities data source. This methods paper offers an introduction to the value of Wikidata for humanities research and makes the case for humanities researchers’ intervention in its development. It concludes with a short case study to illustrate how Wikidata can support humanities research projects. The case study project, Linked Familiarity, uses Wikidata data about the people quoted in the first ten editions of Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations to look for patterns in the people Bartlett’s Familiar editorial team thought readers find quotable from 1855 and 1910. These patterns will, we hope, clarify a corner of the zeitgeist: Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations readers voted with their purchases—the book’s popularity suggests the quotes the volume’s editorial team compiled really did meet a public desire, or even need. The Linked Familiarity’s team is using Wikidata data to find out about the people worth quoting in this 55-year stretch, to examine the characteristics that unite them, and to uncover the outliers.

Lessons from Cypris Chat

2017 ◽  
pp. 299-316
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Lafayette DuQuette
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
World Wide ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Online Groups ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

What makes a successful online community? This is a question that would probably not have much meaning to someone in the early 1990. At the time, use of the World Wide Web had just begun to spread, first across college campuses and then among the general public in North America and Western Europe. A more common question, and one that Wellman and Gulia (1999) asked, was do online groups even call themselves communities at all? This chapter examines how much has changed about how we perceive online community since 1995: the people we converse with, the reasons for communicating online and the pitfalls encountered. It also introduces Cypris Chat, a virtual world community within Second Life that stubbornly clings to Internet first adopter values and goals, a group that reminds us that an online existence dominated by social networking sites has its alternatives.

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