scholarly journals III. An experimental investigation into the arrangement of the excitable fibres of the internal capsule of the bonnet monkey (macacus sinicus)

1890 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 49-88 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Cortex Cerebri

In the following paper we propose to give the results of a research on which we have been engaged nearly three years, and by which we hoped to elucidate the arrangement of the motor fibres in the internal capsule. The fibres which connect the excitable areas in the cortex cerebri with the bulbospinal grey matter in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord are commonly spoken of as forming the pyramidal tract .

V. Experimental degenerations following unilateral lesions of the cortex cerebri in the bonnet monkey ( Macacus Sinicus )

1895 ◽  
Vol 58 (347-352) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Cortex Cerebri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The object of this investigation was to trace by the so-called anatomical method the degeneration resulting from minute lesions of the motor area of the cortex cerebri through the brain and spinal cord, to locate the path of the conducting fibres in the internal capsule and elsewhere, to follow them as far as possible to their destinations, and by such control observations to check off the results obtained by previous excitation experiments.

The Development of Pneumostrongylus tenuis in the Central Nervous System of White-tailed Deer

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The central nervous systems of five fawns (Odocoileus virginianus borealis), infected experimentally with Pneumostrongylus tenuis, were studied histologically 10, 20, 25, 30, and 40 days after infection. In the 10–30 day fawns young developing worms were found in dorsal horns of the grey matter of all regions of the spinal cord. A few worms were found in white matter and in the medulla oblongata. In the fawn autopsied 40 days after infection all but one of about 25 worms found were in the subdural space. Worms in the grey matter usually lay in cell-free tunnels surrounded by compressed neural tissue. There was little reaction of, or cellular infiltration in, surrounding tissue. Malacia was absent in all parts of grey matter. The central canal was normal and the brain, other than the medulla oblongata, was not involved. In the white matter, scattered single myelin sheath degeneration as well as degeneration and disappearance of axis cylinders were common. Occasionally there were tiny malacic areas in white matter, especially near worms. Infiltrations of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells were commonly observed in and on the dura mater, the epineurium, ganglion capsules, and other tissues of the epidural space. The relative dearth of histopathologic findings helps to explain the rarity and slightness of neurologic signs in infected fawns and is indicative perhaps of a long and well established host-parasite relationship. This is in contrast to the situation in moose (Alces a. americana) where severe traumatic damage to the spinal cord by P. tenuis is associated with ataxia and paralysis.

scholarly journals II. An experimental investigation into the arrangement of the excitable fibres of the internal capsule of the bonnet monkey ( macacus sinicus )

1890 ◽  
Vol 47 (286-291) ◽  
pp. 21-22
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Bonnet Monkey

After a historical introduction the authors proceed to describe the method of investigation, which was conducted as follows. The animal being narcotised with ether, the internal capsule was exposed by a horizontal section through the hemisphere. By means of compasses the outlines of the basal ganglia and capsule were accurately transferred to paper ruled with squares of 1 millimetre side, so that a projection of the capsule was thus obtained, divided into bundles of 1 millimetre square area. Each of these squares of fibres was then excited by a minimal stimulus, the same being an induced or secondary interrupted current. The movements were recorded and the capsule photographed.

scholarly journals I. Preliminary note on bilateral degeneration in the spinal cord of monkeys ( Macacus sinicus ) following unilateral lesion of the cortex cerebri

1894 ◽  
Vol 55 (331-335) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Unilateral Lesion ◽  
Preliminary Note ◽  
Corona Radiata ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Cortex Cerebri ◽  
The Brain

Having for some time been engaged in an investigation of the question as to how far the fibres of each pyramid descend both halves of the spinal cord, I am in a position to state that in the bonnet monkey ( Macacus sinicus ) the following arrangement prevails. Method of Investigation .—The animal being etherised, and the left hemisphere of the brain exposed by a single trephine hole (sometimes enlarged afterwards), a small portion of the excitable area of the motor cortex was selected as detailed below, the selection being confirmed in each case by electrical stimulation. A small piece of the cortex, about 0.4 cm. square, constituting the focus of the movement observed, was removed, care being taken to remove also a little of the underlying corona radiata to be sure that no cortex was left.

scholarly journals VI. Croonian Lecture.—On the mammalian nervous system, its functions, and their localisation determined by an electrical method

1891 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 267-526 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Cortex Cerebri ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Central Apparatus

In the 'Proceedings of the Royal Society,' vol. 45, 1889, p. 18 (Meeting of November 1, 1888), we published a preliminary account of some of the experiments of which the results are now given in full detail. In that communication we stated that the object of our work then was to endeavour to ascertain the character of the excitatory processes occurring in nerve fibres, when, either directly (artificially) excited, or when in that state of functional activity, which is due to the passage of impulses along them from the central apparatus. The most important way in which such a method could be applied was obviously one which would involve the investigation of the excitatory changes occurring in the fibres of the spinal cord when the cortex cerebri is stimulated. We must at once assume that the motor side of the central nervous system is practically divisible into three elements:— 1. Cortical centres. 2. Efferent (pyramidal tract) fibres leading down through the internal capsule, corona radiata, and spinal cord. 3. Bulbo-spinal centres contained in the medulla and the spinal cord, and forming the well-known nuclei of the cranial and also of the spinal motor nerves. It had already been determined, both by direct observation and by the graphic method (1) that certain areas of the cortex were connected with definite movements of various parts of the body, and (2) that while the complete discharge of the cortical apparatus was followed by a very definite and characteristic series of contractions of the muscles in special relation with the particular point excited, the effectual removal of the cortical central mechanisn and subsequent excitation of the white fibres passing down through the internal capsule, &c., led to the production of only a portion of the effect previously obtained from the uninjured brain.

scholarly journals VI. A record of the results obtained, by electrical excitation of the so-called motor cortex and internal capsule in an orang-outang (Simia satyrus)

1890 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 129-158 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Trinity College ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Electrical Excitation ◽  
Trinity College Dublin ◽  
Bonnet Monkey ◽  
Correct Estimate

Having been occupied with the study of the minute representation of motor function in the cortex of the Bonnet Monkey ( Macacus sinicus ), it seemed to us extremely necessary to investigate the character of such representation in the cortex of an anthropoid Ape, in order that we might form a more correct estimate of the mode of localisation in Man. A comparative study of the brains and habits of the more easily obtainable anthropoids showed clearly that for our object the Orang was more suitable than the Chimpanzee, in being likely to afford results nearer to those presumed to exist in Man. We therefore procured a young Orang which, in the opinion of Professor D. J. Cunningham, of Trinity College, Dublin, was about 21/2 years old. In addition to excitation of the cortex, we also investigated the movements obtained by stimulating the fibres of the internal capsule.

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