scholarly journals II. An experimental investigation of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the brachial plexus of the dog

1893 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 39-63 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Schematic Representation ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Exact Number ◽  
The Subject

Numerous observers have from time to time endeavoured to determine the functional relationships between the nerve roots and the groups of muscles which they supply, and the subject has been approached from various standpoints. Anatomists have long endeavoured, by minute dissections, to trace the relations which exist between the nerve roots and the various nerves derived from them, together with the muscles which these nerves supply. Such a minute dissection, aided by a process of maceration in dissociating liquids, was made by W. Krause in the case of the brachial plexus. Investigations of this kind established that each nerve root sends fibres to several nerves, and that each nerve receives fibres from several nerve roots; also, that the order of derivation from above down is constant, though the exact number of roots which supply any given nerve may vary. Schwalbe, in a schematic representation of the human brachial plexus, shows the inferior primary divisions of the component nerves as dividing at their origins into dorsal, or posterior, and ventral, or anterior parts, and classifies the nerves of distribution to the arm into a dorsal and ventral set, the former derived from the dorsal divisions, and supplying the extensor surface of the limb, the latter from the ventral divisions, and supplying the flexor surface.

II. An experimental investigation of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the brachial plexus of the dog

1892 ◽  
Vol 51 (308-314) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
The Subject

The subject is introduced by an allusion to the attempts that have been made by anatomists to determine the functional relationships between the nerve roots and groups of muscles they supply, in which connexion the work of Krause, Schwalbe, Herringham, and Paterson are cited. A brief reference is made to the observations of Erb, Duchenne, Knie, and Thorbum, after which the author refers to the experimental work that has been done in this field by Müller and Van Deen, Kronenberg, Panizza, Peyer, Krause, Ferrier and Yec, Bert, Marcacci, and Forgue. The anatomical accounts of the brachial plexus of the dog as given by Ellenberger and Baum, Chauveau and Arloing, and Forgue are quoted, the discrepancies which exist between these different accounts pointed out, and the author’s own experiences in this connexion, differing in some points, while agreeing in others, with the descriptions given by these observers, are detailed.

scholarly journals II. An experimental investigation of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the lumbo-sacral plexus of macacus rhesus

1893 ◽  
Vol 53 (321-325) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Sacral Nerve Root ◽  
History Of

As the history of this subject was fully detailed in a former paper by the author on the brachial plexus of the Dog, only such experimental work as has been done in connexion with the lumbo-sacral plexus is reviewed in the present communication. In dealing with the anatomy of the Monkey it is shown that the class of plexus most commonly met with has many features in common with that described by Sherrington as the “prefixed” class of plexus; while of the variations met with that which occurred most frequently has many points in common with the class of plexus designated “postfixed” by that observer; but that there is one very notable difference between the last two, as in no instance was the 2nd sacral nerve root found to contribute a branch to the sciatic nerve, a contribution which Sherrington describes in this class of plexus.

The Diagnostic Value of MRI in Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. OCHI ◽  
Y. IKUTA ◽  
M. WATANABE ◽  
K. KIMOR ◽  
K. ITOH
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Brachial Plexus Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Surgical Exploration ◽  
Nerve Root Avulsion ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Individual

Findings in 34 patients with traumatic brachial plexus injury documented by surgical exploration and intra-operative somatosensory-evoked potentials were correlated with findings on myelography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether MRI can identify nerve root avulsion. The coronal and sagittal planes were not able to demonstrate avulsion of the individual nerve roots. The axial and axial oblique planes did provide useful information to determine which nerve root was avulsed in the upper plexus, although it was difficult to clearly delineate the lower cervical rootlets. The accuracy of MRI was 73% for C5 and 64% for C6 and that of myelograpby 63% for C5 and 64% for C6. Thus, the diagnostic accuracy of MRI for upper nerve roots was slightly superior to myelography. Although its primary diagnostic value is limited to the upper nerve roots whose avulsion is relatively difficult to diagnose by myelography, MRI can provide useful guidance in the waiting period prior to surgical exploration after brachial plexus injury.

An experimental investigation of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the lumbo-sacral plexus of Macacus rhesus

1894 ◽  
Vol 54 (326-330) ◽  
pp. 243-272 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Sacral Plexus ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
University College ◽  
Great Willingness ◽  
Work Done

The first part of my task is to express my great indebtedness to Professor Victor Horsley for enabling me to carry out this investigation under favourable circumstances at the Pathological Laboratory of University College, and for his great willingness at all times to criticise the results which I obtained. In a paper on the functions of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the brachial plexus of the dog, I gave an account of the views that have been expressed and the work done in connexion with the limb plexuses. The hypotheses as to their significance advanced by Reil, Scarpa, A. Monro, Sömmering, and others were not alluded to, as they were mere conjectures, unsupported by any substantial evidence.

Supraclavicular brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-854
Author(s):  
Jonathan Perera ◽  
Marco Sinisi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Cervical Nerve Roots

Stretching of more than 12% of a nerve or more than 8 hours of ischaemia will result in severe nerve injury. The force required to avulse cervical nerve roots is as little as 200 newtons. The nerve root exiting angles are very important, as different forequarter positions at the time of impact will result in differing force vectors and therefore differing injury. Nerve injuries can be extremely devastating not only for the patient but for their surrounding support structure as well. We discuss and detail the diagnosis and management of these lesions along with the useful investigations and treatment options. The appropriately timed management of these patients can allow good outcomes for both patient physical and subsequent mental health.

Shear wave elastography evaluation of brachial plexus in multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110028
Author(s):  
Enes Gürün ◽  
İsmail Akdulum ◽  
Melih Akyüz ◽  
Suna Özhan Oktar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Involvement ◽  
And Control

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease characterized by inflammation involving the peripheral nerves. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is potentially a method of choice for detecting peripheral nerve involvement. Purpose To compare the degree of thickening and nerve elasticity of brachial plexus (BP) nerve roots and evaluate the usefulness of sonoelastography in patients with clinically diagnosed MS without brachial plexopathy. Material and Methods Thirty-two patients with MS and 32 controls were included in the study. Bilateral C5, C6, and C7 mean nerve root diameters, and mean elasticity values in kiloPascal (kPa) were measured in the patient and control groups. The relationship between the age, height, and weight values and nerve diameter-elasticity values of the patient and control groups was compared. Results The elasticity values of the C5 and C6 nerve roots were increased, and the nerve root thickness was decreased in the MS group compared to that in the control ( P < 0.05). There was no difference between the C7 mean nerve root elasticity (kPa) and diameter measurements in the patient and control groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Our study showed an increase in the BP nerve root elasticity values (kPa) in patients with MS compared to that of the control group and a decrease in diameter values thought to be related to the possible chronic atrophic process. The results are consistent with the demyelinating process of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) due to MS.

LOWEST NUMBER OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS NERVE ROOTS REQUIRED FOR MAINTAINING NORMAL LIMB FUNCTION — AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Hand Surgery ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Yu-dong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Root Avulsion ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Single Nerve ◽  
Operative Evaluation ◽  
Root Cutting

Rat models with different division of nerve roots of the brachial plexus were designed to assess whether single or two nerve roots of the contralateral normal brachial plexus can be divided as donor nerves in treatment of brachial plexus root avulsion. Two hundred and fifty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 13 groups, i.e. five groups with single nerve root division, seven groups with two nerve roots division, and one group with three nerve roots division. Post-operative evaluation by electroneurophysiology and muscular histology was performed at two weeks and two months. Results showed that in groups with single nerve root division, the experimental limb function did not show an apparent damage; in groups with non-neighbouring two nerve roots cutting, it did show a harmful repercussions on the limb at two weeks, but most of them recovered to normal at two months; in groups with neighbouring two nerve roots division and with non-neighbouring three nerve root cutting, the limb function showed a persistent damage. In conclusion, division of nerve root alone or even non-neighbouring two nerve roots of the brachial plexus did not affect the forelimb function of the rat permanently.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document