The functional and adaptive morphology of the deep-sea species of the family limopsidae (Bivalvia: arcoida) from the atlantic

1980 ◽  
Vol 291 (1045) ◽  
pp. 77-125 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Minor Variation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dorsal Portion ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Adaptive Morphology

The functional and adaptive morphology of six species of the genus Limopsis from deep water of the Atlantic is investigated and the following species and subspecies are described: L. aurita, L. surinamensis (new species), L. tenella, L. minuta, L. cristata cristata, L. cristata affinis, L. cristata intermedia (new subspeices), L. cristata lanceolata (new subspecies), L. galathea . Species of the genus Limopsis are among the relatively few suspension-feeding bivalves of the deep sea. The genus is not represented in shelf faunas. It is byssate, but the species described here show a change in habit from the exobyssate to the endobyssate condition and a corresponding reduction in the number and coarseness of the byssus threads produced. While the morphology of the species is similar in all the species described, differences being restricted to minor variation in the gills and palps, the viscera are confined to a small dorsal portion of the mantle cavity. Thus, while small body size is related to the paucity of food, production of a large thick shell may require a relatively small proportion of the energy input and yet confer advantage possibly in protection and in feeding mechanism. Eggs are relatively few and of a size indicating that the larvae are planktonic but non-feeding. The widely occurring species L. tenella shows differences in the shell characters of different populations. In L. cristata variation is such that it has been possible to describe subspecies.

Primitive life habits and adaptive significance of the pelecypod form

Paleobiology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. S. Tevesz ◽  
Peter L. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Small Body ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Suspension Feeders ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Soft Bottoms

The typical pelecypod form, long thought to be primitively adaptive to burrowing, is likely to have been originally adaptive to a suspension feeding, epifaunal, possibly crawling mode of life. At small body size (< 1 cm), pelecypods possessing typical burrowing features can function as epifaunal crawlers. Pelecypods arose at small body sizes and are part of a molluscan evolutionary sequence in which relative size of the mantle cavity increased to accommodate a few large gills specialized for suspension feeding.Acquisition of a bivalved shell by ancestral epifaunal suspension feeders may have offered protection from sediment clogging on soft bottoms, additional control over the direction, volume, and rate of water flow through the mantle cavity, more effective protection from predators, and better short-term control of the internal environment. Consideration of invertebrate groups analogous to the pelecypods (Branchiopoda, Cladocera, Ostracoda, Phyllocarida) support the view that the bivalve condition is primarily an adaptation for suspension feeding and predator avoidance in benthic environments.The earliest known pelecypod, Fordilla troyensis Barrande, was not necessarily infaunal just because it had features similar to much larger, Recent burrowers. The size, shell morphology and environment of preservation of F. troyensis all suggest that it is reasonable to envision Cambrian pelecypods as epifaunal suspension feeders, possibly crawling on sedimentary bottoms. Moreover, the sudden Ordovician expansion of pelecypods and increase in individual size may be explained as a result of invasion of the infaunal adaptive zone.

scholarly journals Lacydonia shohoensis (Annelida, Lacydoniidae) sp. nov. – a new lacydonid species from deep-sea sunken wood discovered at the Nishi-Shichito Ridge, North-western Pacific Ocean

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Natsumi Hookabe ◽  
Naoto Jimi ◽  
Hiroyuki Yokooka ◽  
Shinji Tsuchida ◽  
Yoshihiro Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Western Pacific Ocean ◽  
Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Northwest Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Western ◽  
North Western Pacific

Abstract Lacydonia Marion & Bobretsky, 1875 is the sole genus in the family Lacydoniidae Bergström, 1914. We herein describe the new species of Lacydonia shohoensis sp. nov. from 2042-m deep bottoms at Shoho Seamount of the Nishi-Shichito Ridge, the Northwest Pacific Ocean. It is most similar to L. anapaulae Rizzo et al., 2016 in having a depression on the median anterior region and lacking lateral lobes on the posterior margin of prostomium whereas it is distinguished by possessing pygidium dorsally pigmented with three reddish spots and non-pigmented pygidial lateral cirri equally elongated.

scholarly journals Interannual variation in the epibenthic megafauna at the shallowest station of the HAUSGARTEN observatory (79° N, 6° E)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 18039-18081 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Meyer ◽  
M. Bergmann ◽  
T. Soltwedel
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Food Input

Abstract. Epibenthic megafauna play an important role in the deep-sea environment and contribute significantly to benthic biomass, but their population dynamics are still understudied. We used a towed deep-sea camera system to assess the population densities of epibenthic megafauna in 2002, 2007 and 2012 at the shallowest station (HG I, ~ 1300 m) of the deep-sea observatory HAUSGARTEN, in the eastern Fram Strait. Our results indicate that the overall density of megafauna was significantly lower in 2007 than in 2002, but was significantly higher in 2012, resulting in overall greater megafaunal density in 2012. Different species showed different patterns in population density, but the relative proportions of predator/scavengers and suspension-feeding individuals were both higher in 2012. Variations in megafaunal densities and proportions are likely due to variation in food input to the sea floor, which decreased slightly in the years preceding 2007 and was greatly elevated in the years preceding 2012. Both average evenness and diversity increased over the time period studied, which indicates that HG I may be food-limited and subject to bottom-up control. The varying dynamics of different species may have been caused by differential capacities of populations to respond to increased food input through either recruitment or migration.

scholarly journals NUEVOS HALLAZGOS Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ALGUNAS ESPECIES DE AGUAS PROFUNDAS DEL PACÍFICO DE COLOMBIA II. CALLIONYMIDAE (TELEOSTEI)

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Susana Beltrán León ◽  
Raúl Ríos Herrera ◽  
Efraín Rubio Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
New Records ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
The South ◽  
Fishing Fleet ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Colombian Pacific

We present new records of larvae and adult fish from the family Callionymidae in the Colombian Pacific coast. Larvae and juvenile of Synchiropus atrilabiatus (Garman 1899), expands its distribution range within this coast (between Tumaco in the South to the border with Panama in the North), presenting low to medium abundances in September-October 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and February-March 2006, 2014. Larvae were always collected at stations 54 km away from the coast. Adults of S. atrilabiatus were collected as bycatch from the deep-sea shrimp fishing fleet between 67-700 m depth at Bahía Cupica in 1995 and Arusí in 2005.

Biogeography and Host Usage of Coral-Associated Crustaceans: Barnacles, Copepods, and Gall Crabs as Model Organisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-215
Author(s):  
Benny K. K. Chan ◽  
Kingsley J. H. Wong ◽  
Yu-Rong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Gall Crabs

Most of the diverse groups of crustaceans associated with scleractinian and fire corals form symbiotic relationship with their coral hosts. Coral-associated barnacles include species from the orders Acrothoracica and Thoracica. Most of the coral-associated barnacles belong to the family Pyrgomatidae in Thoracica. Within Pyrgomatidae, the subfamily Ceratoconchinae contains mostly extant species and is present from Florida through the Caribbean to Brazilian waters. The subfamily Megatrematinae has lower species diversity and has a cosmopolitan distribution (except the Eastern Pacific). The Pyrgomatinae are the most species-rich subfamily and distributed only in Indo-West Pacific waters. Host usage of pyrgomatinid barnacles varies spatially, probably related to coral host diversity. Copepods are the most common and most abundant coral-associated crustaceans, often associated with scleractinian, gorgonian, and alcyonacean corals. More than 90% of coral-associated copepods are endemic to the Indo-West Pacific. In contrast, only a few species (<10%) have been discovered from the Atlantic due to several historical perturbations reducing the diversity of their coral hosts. The communities of coral-associated copepods thus show dramatic differences between geographic regions, notably between the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. Brachyurans of the family Cryptochiridae (gall crabs) are obligate associates or parasites, of scleractinian coral hosts in tropical and subtropical seas, being a monophyletic group of only 52 species, from the intertidal to the deep sea (to 512 m) habitats with most (46) recorded in the seas of the tropical Indo-West Pacific and none being cosmopolitan. Atlantic species of Cryptochiridae, apparently not phylogenetically related, display less strict host specificity than their Indo-West Pacific counterparts. Current phylogenetic understandings of the group remain preliminary, while one consistent Indo-West Pacific clade reflects rapid species diversification during the last ~15 million years.

Podosiridae, a new family of North Atlantic deep sea amphipod (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3546 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. LOWRY ◽  
A. A MYERS
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Ovigerous Female ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Junction Zone ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Azores Triple Junction ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge

Bellan-Santini (2007) described Podosirus vaderi from a vent community on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Azores Triple junction zone. At the time she placed it in the family Eusiridae and pointed out similarities to the Podoceridae.The original description of Podosirus vaderi was based on an ovigerous female. Male characteristics are not known, but based on established trends among similar amphipods without apical robust setae on uropods 1 and 2, it is presumed that there is minimal sexual dimorphism. Because the female has the first gnathopod smaller than the second and a well developed male-like second gnathopod, it is probable that the male will have similar gnathopods. Whether calceoli occur in the male is also not known.

scholarly journals Interannual variation in the epibenthic megafauna at the shallowest station of the HAUSGARTEN observatory (79° N, 6° E)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3479-3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Meyer ◽  
M. Bergmann ◽  
T. Soltwedel
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Fram Strait ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Food Input

Abstract. Epibenthic megafauna play an important role in the deep-sea environment and contribute significantly to benthic biomass, but their population dynamics are still understudied. We used a towed deep-sea camera system to assess the population densities of epibenthic megafauna in 2002, 2007, and 2012 at the shallowest station (HG I, ∼1300 m) of the deep-sea observatory HAUSGARTEN, in the eastern Fram Strait. Our results indicate that the overall density of megafauna was significantly lower in 2007 than in 2002, but was significantly higher in 2012, resulting in overall greater megafaunal density in 2012. Different species showed different patterns in population density, but the relative proportions of predator/scavengers and suspension-feeding individuals were both higher in 2012. Variations in megafaunal densities and proportions are likely due to variation in food input to the sea floor, which decreased slightly in the years preceding 2007 and was greatly elevated in the years preceding 2012. Both average evenness and diversity increased over the time period studied, which indicates that HG I may be food-limited and subject to bottom-up control. The community of HG I may be unique in its response to elevated food input, which resulted in higher evenness and diversity in 2012.

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