scholarly journals Selection of visual information for lightness judgements by eye movements

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1628) ◽  
pp. 20130056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Toscani ◽  
Matteo Valsecchi ◽  
Karl R. Gegenfurtner
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Target Layer ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Selection Of

When judging the lightness of objects, the visual system has to take into account many factors such as shading, scene geometry, occlusions or transparency. The problem then is to estimate global lightness based on a number of local samples that differ in luminance. Here, we show that eye fixations play a prominent role in this selection process. We explored a special case of transparency for which the visual system separates surface reflectance from interfering conditions to generate a layered image representation. Eye movements were recorded while the observers matched the lightness of the layered stimulus. We found that observers did focus their fixations on the target layer, and this sampling strategy affected their lightness perception. The effect of image segmentation on perceived lightness was highly correlated with the fixation strategy and was strongly affected when we manipulated it using a gaze-contingent display. Finally, we disrupted the segmentation process showing that it causally drives the selection strategy. Selection through eye fixations can so serve as a simple heuristic to estimate the target reflectance.

scholarly journals Eye-Movements during Unit-Task Execution in a Complex Problem-Solving Situation

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong-Ho Sohn ◽  
Scott A. Douglass ◽  
Mon-Chu Chen ◽  
John R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Selection Of

We have studied the performance of subjects as they acquired skill in the Georgia Tech Aegis Simulation Program (GT-ASP) with a particular focus on their eye movements. Our task analysis showed that the GT-ASP breaks down into the selection of unit tasks and the execution of these unit tasks. We focused on the Identification unit-task. Our results showed that most of the practice benefit in Identification came from increasing efficiency during cognitive process, in which people make inferences and decisions on the basis of the currently available information. We also analyzed eye fixations when people perform this unit-task. Participants showed different fixation patterns, depending on what portion of the unit-task was being executed. Fluency in a dynamic complex problem-solving seems to be achieved by efficiency in cognitive as well as perceptual processes.

scholarly journals Visual selective attention and the control of tracking eye movements: a critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 1552-1576
Author(s):  
David Souto ◽  
Dirk Kerzel
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Visual Selection ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Ocular Tracking ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Selection Of

People’s eyes are directed at objects of interest with the aim of acquiring visual information. However, processing this information is constrained in capacity, requiring task-driven and salience-driven attentional mechanisms to select few among the many available objects. A wealth of behavioral and neurophysiological evidence has demonstrated that visual selection and the motor selection of saccade targets rely on shared mechanisms. This coupling supports the premotor theory of visual attention put forth more than 30 years ago, postulating visual selection as a necessary stage in motor selection. In this review, we examine to which extent the coupling of visual and motor selection observed with saccades is replicated during ocular tracking. Ocular tracking combines catch-up saccades and smooth pursuit to foveate a moving object. We find evidence that ocular tracking requires visual selection of the speed and direction of the moving target, but the position of the motion signal may not coincide with the position of the pursuit target. Further, visual and motor selection can be spatially decoupled when pursuit is initiated (open-loop pursuit). We propose that a main function of coupled visual and motor selection is to serve the coordination of catch-up saccades and pursuit eye movements. A simple race-to-threshold model is proposed to explain the variable coupling of visual selection during pursuit, catch-up and regular saccades, while generating testable predictions. We discuss pending issues, such as disentangling visual selection from preattentive visual processing and response selection, and the pinpointing of visual selection mechanisms, which have begun to be addressed in the neurophysiological literature.

scholarly journals The Cytoplasmic LIM Domain Protein Espinas Contributes to Photoreceptor Layer Selection in the Visual System

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Alejandra Fernández-Pineda ◽  
Martí Monge-Asensio ◽  
Martín Rios ◽  
Marta Morey
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Lim Domain ◽  
Photoreceptor Layer ◽  
Lim Domain Protein ◽  
Final Layer ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Target Layer ◽  
Selection Of

During circuit assembly it is essential that neurons connect with their specific synaptic partners. To facilitate this process, a common strategy in many organisms is the organization of brain regions, including the fly visual system, in layers and columns. The atypical-cadherin Flamingo (Fmi) and the receptor Golden Goal (Gogo) were proposed to regulate both the temporary and final layer selection of the R8 photoreceptor, through the cytoplasmic domain of Gogo. Our data suggests that Fmi intracellular signaling is also relevant for R8 final layer selection. The LIM-domain cytoplasmic molecule Espinas (Esn) binds Fmi, and they cooperatively control dendritic self-avoidance in sensory neurons. We observed defects in R8 layer selection in esn mutants with axons overshooting the final target layer, and we demonstrated that the LIM domain is necessary for layer selection. fmi knockdown in photoreceptors results in most R8 axons stalling at the temporary layer, however, we also detected R8 axons projecting past the final-target layer, and showed that fmi and esn genetically interact. Based on the previously described physical and genetic interactions between Fmi/Esn and the findings presented here, we propose that Esn signals downstream of Fmi to stabilize R8 axons in their final target layer.

scholarly journals Glial Cells Mediate Target Layer Selection of Retinal Axons in the Developing Visual System of Drosophila

Neuron ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burkhard Poeck ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Dorian Gunning ◽  
S.Lawrence Zipursky ◽  
Iris Salecker
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Retinal Axons ◽  
Target Layer ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Strategies of Visual Search by Novice and Experienced Drivers

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Mourant ◽  
Thomas H. Rockwell
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Behavior ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Vehicle Handling ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
The Right

Six novice drivers drove a 2.1-mi. neighborhood route and a 4.3-mi. freeway route. Eye movements (including blinks and glances to the vehicle's mirrors and speedometer) were videotaped. The visual behavior of a control group, consisting of four experienced drivers, was also videotaped on the same routes. The results showed that the novice drivers: (1) concentrated their eye fixations in a smaller area as they gained driving experience, (2) looked closer in front of the vehicle and more to the right of the vehicle's direction of travel than the experienced drivers, (3) sampled their mirrors less frequently than the experienced drivers, and (4) made pursuit eye movements on the freeway route while the experienced drivers made only eye fixations. These results suggest that the visual acquisition process of the novice drivers was unskilled and overloaded. Thus, the search and scan patterns of the novice drivers may be considered unsafe in terms of impairing the drivers’ ability to detect circumstances that have high accident potential. On this basis it is recommended that novice drivers be prohibited from driving on public roads until they achieve an acceptable level of vehicle handling control and develop skill in acquiring visual information.

scholarly journals Strategi Pemetaan Kompetensi pada Seleksi Calon Penghulu di Lingkungan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Kalimantan Timur dan Kalimantan Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-312
Author(s):  
Lia Rosliana ◽  
Mayahayati Kusumaningrum ◽  
Kemal Hidayah ◽  
Wildan Lutfi Arieyasmieta
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bureaucratic Reform ◽  
Selection Of

Changes in the candidate selection process is a strategy in to improve human resources under the spirit of bureaucratic reform within the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Indonesia. The selection of position selection must pay attention to the competency mapping, as stipulated in Decree of Minister of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia Number 208 the Year 2017 concerning guidelines for adjustment/inpassing, competency test, and determination of functional needs of penghulu. This This research was a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, namely through a diagnosis from the desk research and review of the results of the competency test and core reports on the selection of prospective leaders in the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Republic Indonesia, East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan regional office. The results of the study showed that competency mapping strategies carried out in the selection of functional need of penghulu produce a profile officer that can be source information of candidate capability. This is conducted for the needs of functional development of penghulu in the future Competency mapping strategies need to be carried out continuously so that all the functional positions of penghulu can be optimally enhanced. Keywords: Selection, Strategy, Competence Mapping, Penghulu Abstrak Perubahan proses seleksi calon penghulu merupakan strategi dalam memperbaiki area perubahan sumber daya manusia sesuai dengan semangat reformasi birokrasi di lingkungan Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia. Seleksi jabatan harus memperhatikan pemetaan kompetensi, sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Keputusan Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor 208 Tahun 2017 tentang Pedoman Penyesuaian/ Inpassing, Uji Kompetensi dan Penetapan Kebutuhan Jabatan Fungsional Penghulu. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan metode kualitatif, yaitu melalui analisis dari desk riset dan telaah hasil laporan uji kompetensi inti dan kompetensi manajerial pada seleksi calon penghulu di Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia Kantor Wilayah Kalimantan Timur dan Kalimantan Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi pemetaan kompetensi yang dilakukan dalam seleksi jabatan fungsional penghulu memberikan hasil profil pegawai yang dapat dijadikan salah satu sumber informasi kemampuan peserta seleksi. Hal ini dilakukan untuk kepentingan pengembangan kepegawaian para fungsional penghulu dimasa yang akan datang. Strategi pemetaan kompetensi perlu terus dilakukan sehingga semua jabatan fungsional penghulu ini dapat ditingkatkan kompetensinya secara optimal. Kata Kunci: Seleksi, Strategi, Pemetaan Kompetensi, Penghulu

IMPLEMENTASI PENENTUAN ARSITEKTUR MASJID MODERN DI ACEH MENGGUNAKAN PEMODELAN SISTEM CERDAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Masthura Hasan ◽  
T Iqbal Faridiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Selection Of

Mosque architectural design is based on Islamic culture as an approach to objects and products from the Islamic community by looking at their suitability and values and basic principles of Islam that explore more creative and innovative ideas. The purpose of this system is to help the team and the community in seeing the best mosque in the top order so that the system can be used as a reference for the team and the community. The variables used in the selection of modern mosques include facilities and infrastructure, building structure, roof structure, mosque area, level of security and facilities. The system model used is a fuzzy promethee model that is used for the modern mosque selection process. Fuzzy inference assessment is used to determine the value of each variable so that the value remains at normal limits. Fuzzy values will then be included in promethee assessment aspects. The highest promethee ranking results will be made a priority for the best mosque ranking. This fuzzy inference system and promethee system can help the management team and the community in determining the selection of modern mosques in aceh in accordance with modern mosque architecture. Intelligent System Modeling System In Determining Modern Mosque Architecture in the City of Aceh, this building will be web based so that all elements of society can see the best mosque in Aceh by being assessed by all elements of modern mosque architecture.Keywords: Fuzzy inference system, Promethe, Option of  Masjid

Eye movements in sports research and practice: Immersive technologies as optimal environments for the study of gaze behaviour

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Harris ◽  
Mark Wilson ◽  
Tim Holmes ◽  
Toby de Burgh ◽  
Samuel James Vine
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Immersive Technologies

Head-mounted eye tracking has been fundamental for developing an understanding of sporting expertise, as the way in which performers sample visual information from the environment is a major determinant of successful performance. There is, however, a long running tension between the desire to study realistic, in-situ gaze behaviour and the difficulties of acquiring accurate ocular measurements in dynamic and fast-moving sporting tasks. Here, we describe how immersive technologies, such as virtual reality, offer an increasingly compelling approach for conducting eye movement research in sport. The possibility of studying gaze behaviour in representative and realistic environments, but with high levels of experimental control, could enable significant strides forward for eye tracking in sport and improve understanding of how eye movements underpin sporting skills. By providing a rationale for virtual reality as an optimal environment for eye tracking research, as well as outlining practical considerations related to hardware, software and data analysis, we hope to guide researchers and practitioners in the use of this approach.

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