scholarly journals Gestural coordination at prosodic boundaries and its role for prosodic structure and speech planning processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1658) ◽  
pp. 20130397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Krivokapić
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prosodic Boundaries ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Speech Planning ◽  
Prosodic Boundary ◽  
Important Progress ◽  
Made In

Prosodic structure is a grammatical component that serves multiple functions in the production, comprehension and acquisition of language. Prosodic boundaries are critical for the understanding of the nature of the prosodic structure of language, and important progress has been made in the past decades in illuminating their properties. We first review recent prosodic boundary research from the point of view of gestural coordination. We then go on to tie in this work to questions of speech planning and manual and head movement. We conclude with an outline of a new direction of research which is needed for a full understanding of prosodic boundaries and their role in the speech production process.

One Point of View: Let the Learning Disabled Learn

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nancy Bley
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Made In

The past ten or fifteen years have produced numerous changes in the field of education, particularly in mathematic. Many advances have been made in teacher education programs, in the use of mechanical aids, and particularly in the area of computers and computer-assisted instruction. At the same time awarenes has increased of the need to deal more effectively with students with special needs, or those more commonly described as having learning disabilities.

scholarly journals Influence of sample slenderness and boundary conditions in triaxial test - a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Elena Peri ◽  
Lars Bo Ibsen ◽  
Benjaminn Nordahl Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Triaxial Test ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Triaxial Testing ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Test Configuration ◽  
Fem Modelling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Made In

In the past decades an extensive work was done in order to improve the performance and increase the reliability of triaxial testing. Among the several changes made in order to solve the inaccuracies of the traditional test configuration, two of them are discussed in this paper: the sample slenderness [in other words, the H/D ratio] and the introduction of smooth end platens instead of the rough ones. By using H/D=1 and not the usual H/D=2 ratio, the formation of a single line-rapture and the bulge shape seem prevented. The smooth ends decrease the restrain at the top and bottom of the sample. From a theoretical point of view the effects of these changes are clear, but experimentally, the results coming from various studies are contradictory. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the previous findings on the topic, including both laboratory and FEM modelling test programs.

Studies on the physiology of the maternal placenta in the rat

1935 ◽  
Vol 119 (812) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Important Progress

Although a great many investigators have made adequate studies on the maternal placenta from the morphogenetic point of view, little attention has so far been given to the humoral conditions which make the formation of the placenta materna possible. Experimental investigations of the problems of placental physiology have as yet been few, and leave unanswered many important questions. Which are the factors determining the life span of the placenta, and what is responsible for its ageing ? In what way are the pregnancy changes influenced by the three structures —maternal placenta, foetal placenta, and embryo—present during gestation, and what is the role of each ? Recent advances in the physiology of reproduction have made it possible to attempt the elucidation of these problems under unusually favourable conditions. Of great importance was the observation of Leo Loeb that the maternal placenta could be produced experimentally in the rodent. Furthermore, we have reported experiments which showed that the embryos could be removed from the pregnant rat and mouse without interfering with the development of either the foetal or the maternal placenta. These facts, together with the important progress of the past few years in the physiology of the female sex hormones in general, have formed the basis for our present studies, and have enabled us to elucidate some of the problems indicated above.

scholarly journals Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Recall Performance ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Important Progress ◽  
Made In

Over the past decades important progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of sleep spindle generation. At the same time a physiological role of sleep spindles is starting to be revealed. Behavioural studies in humans and animals have found significant correlations between the recall performance in different learning tasks and the amount of sleep spindles in the intervening sleep. Concomitant neurophysiological experiments showed a close relationship between sleep spindles and other sleep related EEG rhythms as well as a relationship between sleep spindles and synaptic plasticity. Together, there is growing evidence from several disciplines in neuroscience for a participation of sleep spindles in memory formation and learning.

scholarly journals The journey of C.T. Ramage through the Cilento in the first half of the nineteenth century, between geography and history of an ‘unknown’ land

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Silvia Siniscalchi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
Italian Unification ◽  
Made In

Abstract Many travelers-writers have described the characteristics of the areas visited from a critical point of view, with wit and sense of observation. One of the most significant and unknown works concerning this literary current is the tale of the trip from Paestum to Policastro made in 1828 by C.T. Ramage: his sketchbooks are not only a description of the evidence of the past and of the archaeological remains of the Ancient Greece, but a small geo-history of the Cilento (shortly before its insurrection of that same year), as the first stage of a journey that returns a fresco of the South of Italy as it was before the process of Italian unification, respect to its agricultural landscapes, customs and dietary habits, attitudes, superstitions, society, culture, religious and political affairs, comparable with the present context of the same territories.

scholarly journals Le contrôle des armements et les armes chimiques

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Vachon
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
East West ◽  
Made In

Since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the media has gone to great lengths to assess the relative capabilities of Warsaw Pact and NATO forces. Chemical weapons have not been neglected in these assessments, with the conclusion usually being that something should be done to match the capability of the Warsaw Pact to wage chemical warfare. In fact, important decisions have recently been made in the United States, and others are being considered elsewhere, which reflect that point of view. It is the position of this paper that the context within which chemical weapons have been considered in the past is too restrictive. Beginning with an examination of the role that chemical weapons are said to play in the East-West security framework, the article then goes on to a discussion of the global dimension of the issue. Finally, it outlines negociations underway to prohibit chemical weapons, and suggests that a regional approach to the problem might offer a way through the current impasse.

Modern Technique in Historical Development

1955 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-110
Author(s):  
Franz Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Intellectual Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Roman World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Historical Life ◽  
Made In

We are all aware that the teaching of history today has become a very problematical affair—due as much to the subject as to our times. For centuries and up to a few generations ago the situation was different. In former days the center of gravity of instruction was in ancient history; and this proved itself a magnificent medium for the education of youth. For the history of the Greek-Roman world is understandable to young people as no other area of history; and the ancient historians dispense with the details which preoccupy the moderns. Ancient history is constricted. It can be surveyed completely from its impenetrable dark beginnings to its definitive expiration. We look across the stage from the required distance. The extant source material is limited and of high intellectual content, not loaded up with state proceedings of kingdoms and principalities; the entire development culminates in the two high points—Athens and Rome—and unites them in magnificent harmony. As peers to their subject, the ancient historians have a taste for grand scenes, a taste for the wide contours of world history, for the simplicity and good proportions of form. They do not give too much criticism. They write as moralists and have their firm point of view. They present the universally human, the typical, man and his emotions, not mayhap the individual and his local surroundings; thus as depicted their people remain allied to us; everything can be surveyed and is even accessible to youth without further ado. Ancient history is less fertile than modern, but it is also less full of underbrush. Mighty strides have been made in historical studies since the last century; yet the newer kind is bought with sacrifices. The spirit of criticism has developed the finest methods. Every event of the past has become thoroughly complicated, burdened with controversies; in addition the results shift constantly. Nothing seems to be secure in history. And the spirit of individualization, without which a consideration of historical life can no longer exist, forces us to busy ourselves with the most diverse objects, so that the large outlines are obscured thereby and the integrity of events remains ambiguous.

scholarly journals Gradient prosodic boundary strength in syntactic disambiguation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Castellucci ◽  
Dolly Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pause Duration ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Prosodic Boundaries ◽  
Ambiguous Stimuli ◽  
Prosodic Boundary ◽  
Boundary Strength

Unlike syntactic structure, prosodic structure is typically thought of as non-recursive, with categorical boundaries delineating constituents within a rudimentary hierarchy. However, several experimental studies have demonstrated that prosodic boundaries are not produced categorically, and listeners are sensitive to these gradient variations in production, therefore suggesting that prosodic structure is more complex than normally assumed. While intriguing, it remains unclear whether such variability in boundary production is linguistically meaningful. Here, we explicitly test whether variability within a single class of prosodic boundary can be used to disambiguate sentences containing coordinative structures having multiple possible meanings. Interestingly, a majority of participants reliably employed gradient differences in pause duration to differentiate these ambiguous stimuli, demonstrating conclusively that listeners are not only able to perceive non-categorical variation in prosodic boundary strength, but that this variation can be linguistically meaningful. These results therefore indicate that prosodic structure may be less rigid than previously thought.

One point of view: The next decade

1972 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-616
Author(s):  
Henry Van Engen
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

In the past decade, great progress has been made in improving the mathematics found in elementary school textbooks. True, it is still possible to find, here and there, some rather horrible examples of mathematical ineptitude, but by and large the situation is much better than it was ten or fifteen years ago.

One point of view: Change and Changelessness

1980 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Lola June May
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Elementary Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics Curriculum ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High School Mathematics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inverse Operation ◽  
View Change ◽  
Made In

Some of the changes made in the elementary and junior high school mathematics curriculum during the past twenty years have been good. Subtraction is presented as the inverse operation of addition. The words subtrahend and minuend are seldom used anymore. The words addends and sum are used for the numbers both in addition and in subtraction. It is hard to find anyone who wants to go back to teaching children the difference between a minuend and subtrahend and how to spell the words. Instead of being pure memory of isolated facts and operations, elementary mathematics has begun to evoke a friendly feeling for numbers. For example, by naming different ways to make the number five (3 + 2, 7 − 2, 5 + 0, and so on), young children get a feeling for five. They see that they can manipulate counters and write many names for a number. This type of teaching makes the number five come alive; it is not just the answer to some isolated facts.

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