scholarly journals Le contrôle des armements et les armes chimiques

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K. Vachon
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
East West ◽  
Made In

Since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the media has gone to great lengths to assess the relative capabilities of Warsaw Pact and NATO forces. Chemical weapons have not been neglected in these assessments, with the conclusion usually being that something should be done to match the capability of the Warsaw Pact to wage chemical warfare. In fact, important decisions have recently been made in the United States, and others are being considered elsewhere, which reflect that point of view. It is the position of this paper that the context within which chemical weapons have been considered in the past is too restrictive. Beginning with an examination of the role that chemical weapons are said to play in the East-West security framework, the article then goes on to a discussion of the global dimension of the issue. Finally, it outlines negociations underway to prohibit chemical weapons, and suggests that a regional approach to the problem might offer a way through the current impasse.

Bayesian Forcasting Model – 2020 Presidential Elections in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
Vol 704 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Maria Raczyńska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Bayesian Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Bayesian Forecasting ◽  
Technical Point ◽  
Made In

The article describes and explains a prior centric Bayesian forecasting model for the 2020 US elections.The model is based on the The Economist forecasting project, but strongly differs from it. From the technical point of view, it uses R and Stan programming and Stan software. The article’s focus is on theoretical decisions made in the process of constructing the model and outcomes. It describes why Bayesian models are used and how they are used to predict US presidential elections.

Documenting whose heritage? The problem of point of view in documenting American cultural property

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Deirdre C. Stam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Made In

In the United States, as elsewhere, cultural history represents, and is itself shaped by, many points of view. The existence of differing views of cultural history is reflected, in the United States, by the variety and independence of cultural institutions. Such a diversity of approaches does not facilitate the development of a nation-wide overview or of a national databank or national methodologies; however, progress is now being made in terms of cooperation and coordination, especially through the development and acceptance of standards which make different data systems compatible with one another.

The UK Government’s Global Partnership Programme: Its Achievements Over the Past Five Years and Challenges Ahead

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Heyes
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nuclear Security ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

Through the Global Partnership the UK continues to make a significant contribution to improve national and global security. Over the past year the UK has continued to implement a wide range of projects across the breadth of its Global Partnership Programme. As well as ensuring the Programme is robust and capable of dealing with new challenges, the UK has cooperated with other donor countries to help them progress projects associated with submarine dismantling, scientist redirection, enhancing nuclear security and Chemical Weapons Destruction. The Global Partnership, although only five years old, has already achieved a great deal. Some 23 states, plus the European Union, are now working closer together under the Global Partnership, and collectively have enhanced global regional and national security by reducing the availability of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) materials and expertise to both states of concern and terrorists. Considerable progress has already been made in, for example: • Improving the security of fissile materials, dangerous biological agents and chemical weapons stocks; • Reducing the number of sites containing radioactive materials; • Working towards closure of reactors still producing weapon-grade plutonium; • Improving nuclear safety to reduce the risks of further, Chernobyl style accidents; • Constructing facilities for destroying Chemical Weapons stocks, and starting actual destruction; • Providing sustainable employment for former WMD scientists to reduce the risk that their expertise will be misused by states or terrorists. By contributing to many of these activities, the UK has helped to make the world safer. This paper reports on the UK’s practical and sustainable contribution to the Global Partnership and identifies a number of challenges that remain if it is to have a wider impact on reducing the threats from WMD material.

scholarly journals Oil Spill Detection and Mapping: A 50-Year Bibliometric Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Rodrigo N. Vasconcelos ◽  
André T. Cunha Lima ◽  
Carlos A. D. Lentini ◽  
Garcia V. Miranda ◽  
Luís F. Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Oil Spill Detection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Access Information

Oil spill detection and mapping (OSPM) is an extremely relevant issue from a scientific point of view due to the environmental impact on coastal and marine ecosystems. In this study, we present a new approach to assess scientific literature for the past 50 years. In this sense, our study aims to perform a bibliometric and network analysis using a literature review on the application of OSPM to assess researchers and trends in this field of science. In methodological terms we used the Scopus base to search for articles in the literature, then we used bibliometric tools to access information and reveal quantifying patterns in this field of literature. Our results suggest that the detection of oil in the sea has undergone a great evolution in the last decades and there is a strong relationship between the technological evolution aimed at detection with the improvement of remote sensing data acquisition methods. The most relevant contributions in this field of science involved countries such as China, the United States, and Canada. We revealed aspects of great importance and interest in OSPM literature using a bibliometric and network approach to give a clear overview of this field’s research trends.

Facts, Faction, Anachronism

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149
Author(s):  
Russ Castronovo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Latin Word ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Trump Administration

Temporal concerns are baked into the matter of facts. From an etymological point of view, facts are moments of making and doing that are no longer alive and kicking. Coming into English and other modern Western languages by means of both the past participle of the Latin word facere (“to make or to do”) and the Latin noun factum, whose senses include the “result of doing” and “something done,” fact denotes an action that has happened and is now preserved like a fossil in the accumulated sediments of history (“Fact”). Etymologically speaking, facts are safely removed from the vicissitudes of the present and the whims of our leaders. So it makes sense that there should be some hand-wringing over facts that have become so thoroughly destabilized that they no longer seem to be based on anything. The defining moment in this distressing development occurred when the Trump administration, not content merely to put a spin on facts, dismissed quantifiable facts by summoning “alternative facts” to deny that the low attendance at the 2017 presidential inauguration was real. A dictionary, not the renowned one from Oxford but Urban Dictionary, offers the following definition of alternative facts: “an attempt to gaslight the population in an effort to control the media and create propaganda” (Mozzy-o). If only we could take refuge in etymology and remind ourselves and anyone else who will listen that facts are veritable faits accomplis, over and done with, past participles that stand as linguistic monuments to a bygone event beyond alteration.

Recovering from Nuclear Codependence

Horizons ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Patrick T. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Systemic Understanding ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Radical Transformation ◽  
Past Half ◽  
East West

AbstractWith the revolutions in Eastern Europe precipitating a radical transformation of the Cold War which has dominated East-West relations for the past half century, there is a need and an opportunity to examine anew the processes and structures of modern warfare. By constructing a model of the Cold War as an addictive system in which the Americans and the Soviets have cooperated as “nuclear” codependents in the addictive process of the arms race it may be possible to gain a more realistic (dynamic and systemic) understanding of the forces driving global militarism as well as some insights into the dangers which lie ahead as the United States attempts to withdraw and recover from this reality.

One Point of View: Let the Learning Disabled Learn

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nancy Bley
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Assisted Instruction ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Teacher Education Programs ◽  
Students With Special Needs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
Made In

The past ten or fifteen years have produced numerous changes in the field of education, particularly in mathematic. Many advances have been made in teacher education programs, in the use of mechanical aids, and particularly in the area of computers and computer-assisted instruction. At the same time awarenes has increased of the need to deal more effectively with students with special needs, or those more commonly described as having learning disabilities.

scholarly journals Two Modes of North American Drought from Instrumental and Paleoclimatic Data*

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 4336-4347 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Woodhouse ◽  
J. L. Russell ◽  
E. R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Climate Variability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Paleoclimatic Data ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
East West ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Droughts, which occur as a part of natural climate variability, are expected to increase in frequency and/or severity with global climate change. An improved understanding of droughts and their association with atmospheric circulation will add to the knowledge about the controls on drought, and the ways in which changes in climate may impact droughts. In this study, 1) major drought patterns across the United States have been defined, 2) the robustness of these patterns over time using tree-ring-based drought reconstructions have been evaluated, and 3) the drought patterns with respect to global atmospheric pressure patterns have been assessed. From this simple assessment, it is suggested that there are two major drought patterns across North America, which together account for about 30% of the total variance in drought patterns—one resembles the classic ENSO teleconnection, and the other displays an east–west drought dipole. The same two patterns are evident in the instrumental data and the reconstructed drought data for two different periods, 1404–2003 and 900–1350. The 500-mb circulation patterns associated with the two drought patterns suggest that the controls on drought may come from both Northern Hemisphere and tropical sources. The two drought patterns, and presumably their associated circulation patterns, vary in strength over time, indicating the combined effects of the two patterns on droughts over the past millennium.

The concept of detente

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Brian White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
East West

1980 was not a good year for detente. The year began with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the ensuing state of East-West relations was reflected at the year's end in a deadlocked C.S.C.E. Review Conference in Madrid. The second phase of the Conference began with a sombre declaration by the United States' delegate that ‘detente does not today exist’ though it remains ‘an objective to be sought’. The invasion of Afghanistan gave sustenance to those who had been arguing for some time that detente was merely, in the words of Senator Jackson, ‘appeasement in its purest form’. For many indeed, like Mr. Kampelman, Afghanistan signalled the final end of detente. Others could argue however that the fact that the Madrid Conference could take place at all in such a political atmosphere, thus maintaining the momentum of the ‘Helsinki process’, is a clear indication that detente is at least alive if not well.

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