scholarly journals VII. Outlines of experiments and inquiries respecting sound and light. By Thomas Young, M. D. F. R. S. In a letter to Edward Whitaker Gray, M. D. Sec. R. S

1800 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 106-150 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elastic Fluids ◽  
Musical Sounds ◽  
Mean Time

Dear Sir, It has long been my intention to lay before the Royal Society a few observations on the subject of sound; and I have endea­voured to collect as much information, and to make as many experiments, connected with this inquiry, as circumstances enabled me to do; but, the further I have proceeded, the more widely the prospect of what lay before me has been extended; and, as I find that the investigation, in all its magnitude, will occupy the leisure hours of some years, or perhaps of a life, I am determined, in the mean time, lest any unforeseen circumstances should prevent my continuing the pursuit, to submit to the Society some conclusions which I have already formed from the results of various experiments. Their subjects are, I. The measurement of the quantity of air discharged through an aperture. II. The determination of the direction and velocity of a stream of air proceeding from an orifice. III. Ocular evidence of the nature of sound. IV. The velocity of sound. V. Sonorous cavities. VI. The degree of divergence of sound. VII. The decay of sound. VIII. The harmonic sounds of pipes. IX. The vibrations of different elastic fluids. X. The analogy between light and sound. XI. The coalescence of musical sounds. XII. The frequency of vibrations constituting a given note. XIII. The vibrations of chords. XIV. The vibrations of rods and plates. XV. The human voice. XVI. The temperament of musical intervals.

scholarly journals pH of exudate test in the physiological quality of crambe seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charline Zaratin Alves ◽  
Lennis Afraire Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Henrique Queiroz Rego ◽  
Josué Bispo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
C 30

ABSTRACT: Crambe is a rapeseed with high oil content and can be used as a winter cover or as a source of raw material for the production of biodiesel, however espite the growing interest in the culture, research on the subject is still incipient, especially concerning the seed production and analysis technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physiological quality of crambe seeds, 'FMS Brilhante' cultivar, by testing the pH of exudate. Five seed lots were submitted to the determination of water content and the tests of germination and vigor (first count, emergence and tetrazolium). In the conduction of pH exudate test, temperatures (25 and 30oC), and periods of seed imbibition in water (15, 30 and 45 minutes) were tested. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized manner, with four replicates, and the mean values were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability; Pearson correlation between the pH of the exudate and initial tests was also made. Testing the pH of exudate is promising for separating lots of crambe seeds and the following combinations of 25°C/30 minutes or 30°C/45 minutes can be used.

scholarly journals XIV. On a determination of the mean density of the Earth and the gravitation constant by means of the common balance

1891 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 565-656 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Torsion Balance ◽  
Chemical Balance ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Balance

In a paper printed in the Proceedings of the Royal Society,' No. 190, 1878 (vol. 28, pp. 2-35), I gave an account of some experiments undertaken in order to test the possibility of using the Common Balance in place of the Torsion Balance in the Cavendish Experiment. The success obtained seemed to justify the intention expressed in that paper to continue the work, using a large bullion balance, instead of the chemical balance with which the preliminary experiments were made. As I have had the honour to obtain grants from the Royal Society for the construction of the necessary apparatus, I have been able to carry out the experiment on the larger scale which appeared likely to render the method more satisfactory, and this paper contains an account of the results obtained.

Chairman’s introduction

1986 ◽  
Vol 316 (1537) ◽  
pp. 193-194
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Irrigation Development ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
The World ◽  
Rothamsted Experimental Station ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Session

I am honoured and privileged to be Chairman for the opening session of this Royal Society Discussion Meeting on Scientific Aspects of Irrigation Schemes. It was originally intended that Dr Howard Penman, F. R. S., was to have been the Chairman for this session, but sadly he is no longer with us. However, his valuable work over many years at the Rothamsted Experimental Station on the physics of evaporation and the determination of the Penman equation lives on and is of continuing benefit to those concerned with irrigation development throughout the world. First, I would like to stress the importance of the subject of this discussion meeting to industrial and developing countries alike, and offer the following estimates of areas under irrigation and drainage-flood protection worldwide in support of this view.

Usefulness of serial determinations of myoglobin and creatine kinase in serum compared for assessment of acute myocardial infarction.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Cairns ◽  
E Missirlis ◽  
W H Walker
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Serial Blood Sampling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
First Myocardial Infarction

Abstract Twenty-one patients with their first myocardial infarction underwent serial blood sampling every 2 h for determination of serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin during the first 48-72 h after onset of pain. The first blood sample, obtained at a mean time of 4.4 h after infarct onset, invariably showed increased myoglobin (mean, 8.3-fold normal), whereas CK was often normal (mean, 1.6-fold normal). Peak myoglobin values occurred earlier than peak CK values (9.9 h vs 21.6 h, p less than 0.0005), but there was a significant correlation of peak values (myoglobin = 0.384CK - 0.264, r = 0.794, p less than 0.0005). The mean exponential disappearance rate (Kd) of CK was 0.00106 min-1 and of myoglobin was 0.00265 min-1 (p less than 0.0005). The disappearance of myoglobin was well described by a mono-exponential expression except in two patients. The total duration of the increase in myoglobin was significantly less than that of CK (34.7 h vs 74.4 h, p less than 0.0005).

scholarly journals IX. On some hitherto undescribed optical properties of doubly refracting crystals.—Preliminary notice

1878 ◽  
Vol 26 (179-184) ◽  
pp. 384-386 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The Body ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Microscopical Society ◽  
Royal Microscopical Society

In the Proceedings of the Royal Society (vol. xxiv. p. 393) Dr Royston-Pigott described a new refractometer to determine the index of refraction of liquids and other substances by means of the displacement of the focal point of an object seen through them with a low magnifying-power. Another paper on the subject was communicated by him to the Royal Microscopical Society, and subsequently published its Journal. After the reading of this paper I said that it appeared me probable that the same principle might be applied with advantage the determination of the index of refraction of minerals. The chief question was how to make the requisite measurements by means of such a addition to an ordinary microscope as would not in any way interfere with its general use for other purposes. This I accomplished by fixing graduated scale to the body of the microscope and a vernier to the supporting arm, so that the position of the focal point can be read off to within about 1/2000 of an inch. I described this arrangement and pointed out its value in connexion with mineralogy at a meeting of the Mineralogical Society last March, and an account of it was published in the Journal of the Society. I have since learned that a very similar addition was made to a microscope in Professor Clifton’s laboratory at Oxford some eight years ago, and used for the measurement of the index of refraction of glass, but no account of it was ever published. When I came to study the index of refraction of doubly refracting minerals I was very soon struck with the fact that, instead of seeing at one focus the two systems of lines at right angles to each other, they were sometimes quite invisible, or one set was seen at one focus, and the whether at a very different, as though they had been ruled on the two opposite sides of a piece of glass. These curious phenomena were exhibited at the soirée of the Royal Society on the 25th of April last, and Processor Stokes immediately examined the question theoretically, and found that they could be explained by, and might have been predicted from, the known laws of double refraction, though apparently no one had ever studied them, either theoretically or practically. We therefore decided to investigate the problem independently. I was to make the practical observations, and he to give the theoretical explanations, the results being kept separate, but communicated conjointly to the Royal Society.

scholarly journals I. On the evidence of the existence of the decennial inequality in the solar-diurnal magnetic variations, and its non-existence in the lunar-diurnal variation, of the declination at Hobarton

1857 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Magnetic Elements ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hourly Observation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Magnetic Observatories

In a report presented to the British Association at Liverpool in September 1854, entitled "On some of the results obtained at the British Colonial Magnetic Observatories," I stated that, as far as my examination of the observations had then gone, I had found in the Lunar-diurnal magnetic variation no trace of the decennial period which is so distinctly marked in all the variations connected with the Sun. And in a subsequent communication to the Royal Society in June 1856, “On the Lunar-diurnal Variation at Toronto,” in which the moon’s influence on each of the three magnetic elements was examined, the conclusion arrived at was to the same effect, viz. that the observations at Toronto “showed no appearance of the decennial period which constitutes so marked a feature in the solar-diurnal variations.” Since these statements were made, I have read M. Kreil’s memoir “On the Influence of the Moon on the horizontal component of the Magnetic Force,” presented to the Imperial Academy of Sciences at Vienna in 1852 and printed in 1853, from which I learn (pp. 45, 46) that M. Kreil is of opinion that the observations of different years at Milan and Prague, when combined, would rather favour the supposition that the same decennial period which exists in the solar variation affects also the lunar magnetic influence. The question is one of such manifest importance in its theoretical bearing, that I considered it desirable to lose no time in re-examining it by the aid of the Hobarton observations, which, as it appeared to me, were particularly suitable for the purpose, inasmuch as they consist of eight consecutive years of hourly observation (from January 1841 to December 1848 inclusive), made with one and the same set of instruments, and by a uniform system of observation. The results of this examination have been, as it appears to me, so decidedly confirmatory of the conclusions drawn from the Toronto observations, both as regards the existence of the decennial period in the two classes of solar-diurnal variation (viz. in the mean diurnal variation occasioned by the disturbances of large amount, and in what may be termed the more regular solar-diurnal variation), and the non-existence of a similar decennial period in the case of the lunar-diurnal variation, that I have been induced to make these results the subject of a communication to the Royal Society.

scholarly journals XXXIII. Account of the iron ore lately found in Siberia. In a letter to Dr. Maty, Sec. R.S. by Petr. Simon Pallas, M.D. F.R.S

1776 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Foreign Member ◽  
Royal Society Of London

The travels in which I have been employed, by order of our empress, since the year 1768, have interrupted the correspondence I had the pleasure to entertain with some of the Fellows of the Royal Society of London, particularly the worthy Mr. Collinson; and as this ingenious man, in the mean time, has left this world, I make so free as to address myself to you directly, for the leave of communicating from time to time, to the Royal Society, such observation or papers, which I am not bound to deliver to the Academy here. I would have before this observed that duty, to which the honour of being a foreign member of the Royal Society obliges me, had not the distance in which I have lived thees seven years, mostly out of Europe, and the troublesome manner of travelling in these countries, together with the distractions and duties of my employment, rendered it impossible.

scholarly journals On the meteorological observations made at the apartments of the Royal Society, during the year 1827, 1828, and 1829

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
The Moon ◽  
French Academy ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The author first inquires into the annual and diurnal variations of the barometer and thermometer, for the determination of which he takes the mean of the observations in each month made at the Apartments of the Royal Society, during the years 1827,1828, and 1829; and also that deduced from Mr. Bouvard’s observations, published in the Memoirs of the French Academy of Sciences. From the table given it would appear that the annual variations are independent of the diurnal variations. A much greater number of observations than we possess at present, made frequently and at stated times each day, are requisite before any very satisfactory conclusion can be deduced as to the influence of the moon on the fluctuations of the barometer. The author, however, has attempted the inquiry, as far as the limited range of the present records will allow, by classifying all the observed heights, corresponding to a particular age of the moon, as defined by her transit taking place within a given half hour of the day; and thence deducing mean results, which are exhibited in tables. The results afforded by the observations at Somerset House differ widely from those obtained from corresponding observations made at the Paris Observatory. According to the former, the barometer is highest at new and full moons, and lowest at the quadratures the extent of the fluctuations being 0.08 of an inch: according to the lottery the controly is the esse, and the extent is only 0.05 of an inch.

scholarly journals XXX.—Notice of the Orbit of the Binary Star a Centauri, as recently determined by Captain W. S. Jacob, Bombay Engineers

1848 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
C. Piazzi Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Binary Star ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
The Subject

The object of this short notice is merely to submit to the Society some astronomical results which were recently communicated to me in a letter from my friend Captain Jacob, as they appeared not only to be of a highly interesting nature in themselves, but imperatively to require being followed up farther, and as the observer has lately been obliged by bad health to resign his situation in India, it seemed advisable, for the purpose of procuring attention to the subject elsewhere, to make its peculiarly interesting features as generally known as possible amongst scientific men ; and as a Centauri is already in a manner identified with Scotland, through the researches of the late Professor Henderson, and his determination of the parallax, no medium can be more appropriate than the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Computer determination of thoracic gas volume using plethysmographic "thoracic flow"

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lorino ◽  
A. Harf ◽  
G. Atlan ◽  
Y. Brault ◽  
A. M. Lorino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Thoracic Gas Volume ◽  
Mouth Pressure ◽  
Computer Determination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Very High

Plotting a line to the variables obtained during a panting maneuver, i.e. thoracic volume and mouth pressure, is the conventional way of computing plethysmographic thoracic gas volume (TGV). This procedure is reliable if the magnitude of the thoracic volume changes is large compared to the drift on the signal; this is one of the major problems in volumetric plethysmography. We propose replacing the thoracic volume signal (Vt) by its time derivative (Vt) and similarly mouth pressure (Pm) with its time derivative (Pm). Drift is thus ruled out, and the magnitude of Vt is preserved when the subject fails to carry out noticeable changes in thoracic volume during the panting, since even then the speed of these changes in thoracic volume remains high. The use of Vt and Pm appeared to be necessary when a minicomputer was connected to a pressure-compensated flow plethysmograph to obtain an automatic calculation of TGV. A regression-line technique applied to signals obtained during the panting was used to find the slope of the relation and thus TGV. However, this slope can only be predicted with less than 5% error if the correlation coefficient is very high (i.e., above 0.99). The analysis of 121 recordings from patients showed that the mean r was only 0.954 when Vt and Pm were used. It increased to 0.993 with Vt and Pm. For the same recordings the comparison of hand-calculated TGV and computer-derived TGV showed a much better agreement for the Vt-Pm method (standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 0.14 liter) than for the Vt-Pm method (SEE = 0.34 liter). These results emphasize that, in contrast to the manual technique, the computer does not adequately handle even a small drift of the thoracic signal. The proposed time-derivative method is therefore useful for a hand calculation, but essential to a reliable computer determination of thoracic gas volume.

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