scholarly journals XVII. A sketch of an analysis and notation applicable to the estimation of the value of life contingencies

1820 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 214-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
General Observation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
State Of The Science

The estimation of the value of property, connected with life contingencies, has for many years occupied the attention of the philosophers, as well as the monied and landed interest of this country. The many institutions now existing in Eng­land, for the purpose of granting annuities and assurances on lives, are a sufficient evidence that they are conceived to yield advantages to the community:—advantages which seem to present themselves in two points of view; the one, the gain accruing to the parties granting the assurance or other ob­ject; the other, the benefit to be received by persons pur­chasing those grants. In a political point of view, it appears a question of great importance to decide, what ought to be the demands of those companies, so that the public may reap the greatest benefit from them? And the only means of answering this question, is the possession of the mathemati­cal and philosophical principles, by which those institutions ought to be guided. In the present improved state of the science of life assurances, it is not sufficient for a proper re­gulation to follow old customs, and calculations, drawn from a less perfect experience than we have now the means of obtaining ; but every company, to reap the advantage of the progressive state of the science, should not only possess every knowledge relative to this science, which it may be within its immediate power to acquire, but it should promul­gate its individual information; that the actuaries of the different societies may, by their mathematical skill, collect for the common good of all, from multiplied resources, that which they cannot obtain from a less general observation. I am induced to venture this hint, as it is my firm belief, that the tables generally adopted, might, by this means, receive many extremely necessary corrections; for those tables should be as accurate as they can possibly be made, and the interest should be calculated at that rate which shall appear to be the average interest to be made for money; but such additional demands should be made by the company or insti­tution, as to leave an adequate portion for its security, profit, and expenses; for it does not seem possible, in the various beneficial applications which can be made from a proper knowledge of this branch of the mathematics, to judge uni­versally how to adopt tables of mortality, which are not correct in themselves, connected with a rate of interest which is not the average rate made in reality, so that the advantage may tend to any one direction.

“Satisfied with the Ruins of Berlin”: The German Capital’s Image in Soviet Graphics of 1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-575
Author(s):  
Irina I. Rutsinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

An artist who finds themselves in the last days of a war in the enemy’s defeated capital may not just fix its objects dispassionately. Many factors influence the selection and depicturing manner of the objects. One of the factors is satisfaction from the accomplished retribution, awareness of the historical justice triumph. Researchers think such reactions are inevitable. The article offers to consider from this point of view the drawings created by Soviet artists in Berlin in the spring and summer of 1945. Such an analysis of the German capital’s visual image is conducted for the first time. It shows that the above reactions were not the only ones. The graphics of the first post-war days no less clearly and consistently express other feelings and intentions of their authors: the desire to accurately document and fix the image of the city and some of its structures in history, the happiness from the silence of peace, and the simple interest in the monuments of European art.The article examines Berlin scenes as evidences of the transition from front-line graphics focused on the visual recording of the war traces to peacetime graphics; from documentary — to artistry; from the worldview of a person at war — to the one of a person who lived to victory. In this approach, it has been important to consider the graphic images of Berlin in unity with the diary and memoir texts belonging to both artists and ordinary soldiers who participated in the storming of Berlin. The combination of verbal and visual sources helps to present the German capital’s image that existed in the public consciousness, as well as the specificity of its representation by means of visual art.

scholarly journals The Moral Economy of Thrift: The Production of the Indebted Self in the Reality Series Getting out of Debt and Life or Debt

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 485-500
Author(s):  
Silke Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Moral Economies ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Tv Show

In this article, the intersection of the economic and social dimensions of thrift is analysed under the special condition of debt. The debt context serves as a focal glass exposing agents, their social practices and strategies of accumulation capitals with regard to appropriate spending. In order to capture the many layers of thrift, the concept of moral economies is applied. This concept tries to reconcile two seemingly divergent dimensions of human behaviour which can be described as individualistic, calculating and serving a self-interest (economy) on the one hand and community-oriented and benefitting a common good (morality) on the other hand. Starting out with an overview over studies on moral economies in historical and social science since the early 1970s, I will explain the heuristic use of the concept for the case of debts research and apply it to representations of thrift as visualised and popularised in the reality TV shows Raus aus den Schulden (Getting Out of Debt) and Life or Debt. Here, the images of homes are clues for the cultural productions of appropriateness on TV: What are suitable ways of living when in debt? What are adequate scenes of dwelling and narratives of dealing with debts and which normative structures regulate those stories, the perception of the self and potential social exclusion? By examining the TV show as a strong voice in the debt discourse, thrift turns out to be a cornerstone in the internal and external regimes of governing debt in the micropolitics of TV.

Almensvellets affortryllelse - Neoliberale anfægtelser af det fælles bedste

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Many ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Modern Mass

This article revisits the origins of neoliberalism, arguing that it arose in the socialist calculation debates in the 1920s and 1930s. In these debates, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek contested socialist conceptions of the public interest, claiming that the market’s price mechanism was far better able to represent the many diffe-rent preferences that a modern mass society consists of. The market, they stressed, was far more efficient at coordinating the economy than state planners who would never be able to calculate or aggregate the necessary data on people’s preferences, which was required to direct markets. This contestation of the common good, the article argues, has been a mainstay throughout neoliberalism’s intellectual history, serving as the revolving point of post-war analyses of government failure.

Pleasure As a Subject of Logic. To the Interpretation of Philebus. Part I

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Bugai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Logical Status ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The task of the paper is to determine what is the philosophical meaning of Plato’s Philebus. To define the meaning is to show which way of understanding Phile­bus is the most fruitful, most fully grasping and revealing what forms the sub­stantive core of Plato’s text. It’s no secret that the meaning of Philebus is not at all self-evident. From our point of view, the main subject of the dialogue lies not in the plane of ontology, but in ethics, and what is taken for ontological aspects in Philebus is much more related to the logical and methodological conditions for solving the main ethical problem. Therefore, in this article an attempt was made to show that the key themes of Philebus(the problem of the one-many, the relationship of the four kinds of beings, the theory of false pleasures) are inter­nally related. The question of the relationship between the one and the many is raised in connection with the clarification of the question of the logical status of pleasure. Division into four kinds (limit, unlimited, mixture, reason) is the ful­fillment of the methodological requirement for the necessity of division. The ana­lysis of pleasures following this methodological introduction examines pleasure in an entirely new light, in the light of truth/falsity.

Hare Krishna Movement: What Attracts the Western Adolescent?

1979 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ittamveetil N. Kutty ◽  
Arthur P. Froese ◽  
Quentin A.F. Rae-Grant
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Cultural Roots ◽  
American Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Professional Interventions ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Historical Sketch

Summary The HKM is but one of the many Eastern religious beliefs imported into the West. However, because of the way it is practised, it is the one which confronts North American values most directly. It is an offshoot of Hinduism and comprises a wide diversity of beliefs. It attracts many Western youths, much to the anguish of their parents and community leaders. Those who look at the HKM from a Western cultural point of view argue passionately with those who believe in it. The authors, one of whom (I.N.K.) has cultural roots in Hinduism and Western training in child psychiatry, attempt to look at this phenomenon dispassionately and analyze some of the relevant factors which attract Western youth to this culturally alien religion. A brief historical sketch of the HKM is given followed by an account of the significance of religion from a psychoanalytical perspective. The case history of a 15 year old adolescent male is presented and discussed in psychodynamic terms followed by an attempt to understand his attraction to the HKM. The manner in which the HKM met the needs of this adolescent may have implications for the management and understanding of similar cases, especially when professional interventions do not bring about the desired results of solving rather than just suppressing the intense and painful conflicts of development in adolescence.

ONE HEALTH AND BIOSAFETY -NEED OF HARMONIZATION IN MONGOLIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Zayatiin Batsukh ◽  
Gonchigoogiin Battsetseg
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Health Concept ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One

The One Health concept recognizes that the health of humans is connected to the health of animals and the environment. The major aim of the One Health is to improve health and well-being through the prevention of risks and the mitigation of effects of crises that originate at the interface between humans, animals and their various environments.Regardless of which of the many definitions of One Health is used, the common theme is collaboration across sectors. Collaborating across sectors that have a direct or indirect impact on health involves thinking and working across silos and optimizing resources and efforts while respecting the autonomy of the various sectors. To improve the effectiveness of the One Health approach, there is a need to establish a better sectoral balance among existing groups and networks, especially between veterinarians and physicians, and to increase the participation of environmental and wildlife health practitioners, as well as social scientists and development actors.As this kind of collaboration newly introduced in Mongolia, there are numerous complications and difficulties may arise, that eventually could lead to the results, with higher negative impact to the public and personal health. From the technical perspective, it is undoubtfully important to evaluate the system and reveal the gap and weakness of each stakeholder in this important network and try to introduce common standard operational procedures for the handling and maintaining infective agents to avoid the unpleasant spill over the pathogen into the environment.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.13(2) 2014: 146-152

scholarly journals Sostenibilidad económica y situación financiera de las estaciones de esquí alpino del Pirineo catalán

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Sánchez Pulido ◽  
Natalia Daries Ramón ◽  
Eduard Cristóbal Fransi
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ski Resorts ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
The One ◽  
Implementing Strategies

Purpose: The present work seeks analyze the profitability and the financial situation of the main Catalan alpine ski resorts, with the objective to check if these are sustainable from an economic point of view, taking into account the external factors that affect him.Design/methodology: With the objective to carry out the study of profitability and financial situation, we obtained the financial states of the main Alpine ski resorts of the Catalan Pyrenees: Baqueira-Beret, Masella, Boí Taüll, Vallter 2000, La Molina, Vall de Núria and Espot Ski-Port Ainé, for the periods comprised between 2011-2015 and we proceeded to apply a series of economical and structural ratios with the purpose of establish a diagnostic on his situation.Findings: The results show that the Baqueira-Beret and Masella resorts are the only that obtain profits, whereas the rest of resorts obtain losses in all the periods analyzed. With regard to the financial situation, the results reveal that the level of indebtedness of the resorts is, in general reduced, arriving to the conclusion that the majority of them are not sustainable from a strictly economic point of view.Research limitations/implications: The main limitations of this work are on the one hand that the conclusions are obtained from a period of analysis of five years (2011-2015), and the second, they are circumscribed to a determinate region.Practical implications: The results of this work can help to take decisions so much to the ski resorts managers as to the public administrators for implementing strategies to achieve diversify the offer and improve the results.Social implications: Nowadays the majority of the ski resorts have been rescued or purchased by the Administration. We can deduce that it keeps by the incomes that generate his existence. That is to say, by the positive externalities that generates in the territory where they are situate.Originality/value: The present research focuses in the financial study of a little studied sector as they are the ski resorts and the snow tourism with the enormous importance that has in the economy of the region and in the territorial development. The agents interested are so much the public administrations like the managers of this type of firms.

Online One-Stop Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 2805-2829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthimios Tambouris ◽  
Maria Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Call Center ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
The Public ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The One

One-stop government refers to the integration of public services from a customer’s (citizen, business) point of view. One-stop government suggests that customers may request any public service through a single point of access using the communication channel of their choice (e.g., citizen center, call center, Internet, etc.). The one-stop concept further attempts to reduce the number of contacts with the authorities per service consumption to a minimum— one single interaction at best. The information and public services offered are organized and integrated in a customer-focused manner to address the personal needs and to cover the exact requirements of the citizens and business customers. To exploit the potential of one-stop government, the public sector should be accommodated with a set of information and communication technology tools that allow the back-office processes to interoperate. The public servants may thereafter use these tools in order to create and manage information and integrated public services that match the needs of their customers. In this chapter, the concept of online one-stop government is examined and a framework for realizing one-stop government is proposed. The proposed framework consists of process models and an open interoperable software architecture. A demonstrator that has been developed to implement the architectural design is also presented. Furthermore, the results of the trial use of the demonstrator in three European countries are outlined. Finally, experiences gained are provided and impact is assessed.

scholarly journals Una visión de la libertad de comunicación desde la perspectiva de las diferencias entre la libertad de expresión, en sentido estricto, y la libertad de información

2007 ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
José Luis García Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Commercial Speech ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence

The present Project contains a complete synthesis of the constitutional Spanish jurisprudence. The author considers that the right to freedom and the political rights are grouped around three or four genres. It identifies, between those, the freedom of communication that the constitutional assembly and the constitutional jurisprudence have extended to all sorts of activities. After this assumption, the project is focused on giving a view of the freedom of communication from the point of view of the differences between the freedom of information and the freedom of speech in a strict way. After defending a legal nature which protects all kinds of communications and which can be exercised by all sorts of chaps; it is rejected that the institutional offshoot explains the really different limitations that several messages introduce, wide restrictions regarding commercial speech or pornography and dropped ones regarding politics. The argument which is proposed for its justification is based on the different systematic connections that are originated between the constitutional rules by the different matter and the purpose pursued by the messages, and, when this yardstick is insufficient, it is complemented with the concept of relevance or public interest, the one which is pretended to be refined. The exercise of that freedom by journalists and maximizing the professional diligence reinforce the freedom of communication when it has to be pondered with other rights or constitutional goods. In Spain, the affair Terminello versus Chicago is considered as a worth yardstick to solve conflicts with the public order.

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