Food Neophobia among Brazilian Children: Prevalence and Questionnaire Score Development

This study aims to create and validate a score to classify food neophobia among Brazilian children (from the ages of 4 to 11 years) and investigate the prevalence of food neophobia. This descriptive cross-sectional population-based study is conducted following three steps: (i) the application of an instrument to identify food neophobia in Brazilian children by their caregivers; (ii) the instrument’s score definition; and (iii) the evaluation and characterization of the national prevalence of food neophobia among Brazilian children. The scores were categorized into three levels, based on the tertial approximation: low, moderate, and high. The study had 1112 participants, and the prevalence of high food neophobia was observed in 33.4% of Brazilian children. The prevalence of food neophobia allowed us to identify this behavior in Brazilian children and better understand the population. Boys were significantly more neophobic than girls. The general neophobia score and domains did not significantly differ between Brazilian regions and age groups. It is worrying that food neophobia did not decrease with advancing age. The score for the complete instrument with 25 items, or the 3 domains, makes its use practical. It can be used to assess neophobia with more caution, evaluate the most neophobic children, and enable more targeted professional interventions to promote healthier and sustainable eating habits.

Sobre la relación entre investigación e intervención en Trabajo Social

Los procesos de creciente producción de desigualdades a escala global nos permiten reafirmar que Trabajo Social puede contribuir con la transformación de las mismas, en tanto produzca intervenciones profesionales que no escindan la dimensión teórica de la práctica, ni el saber del hacer. En este marco, proponemos una revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre el histórico y conflictivo vínculo entre intervención social e investigación científica en Trabajo Social. Tomando las propuestas de un conjunto de diversxs autorxs, presentamos un Estado de la Cuestión donde toda la producción recabada sobre el tema, es presentada de manera agrupada en función de tres ejes: el primero de ellos refiere a las producciones que se centran principalmente en la elaboración diagnóstica sobre la relación histórica entre investigación e intervención disciplinar; el segundo, retoma aquellas producciones que proponen definiciones sobre las relaciones actuales entre ambas dimensiones; el tercer eje aborda producciones que ponen su acento en la investigación, poniendo de relieve la singularidad de la investigación científica desde Trabajo Social, elaborando propuestas alternativas para su consolidación. Finalmente, el presente artículo concluye recuperando los aspectos principales que emergieron durante el estudio de la literatura mencionada, y se propone una serie de reflexiones que nos permitan imaginar un quehacer-saber disciplinar otro. The processes of increasing production of inequalities on a global scale allow us to reaffirm that Social Work can contribute to their transformation, as long as it produces professional interventions that do not separate the theoretical dimension from practice, nor knowledge from doing. Within this framework, we propose an updated bibliographical review of the historical and conflictive link between social intervention and scientific research in Social Work. Taking the proposals of a set of diverse authors, we present a State of the Question where all the production collected on the subject is presented grouped according to three axes: the first refers to the productions that focus mainly on the diagnostic elaboration on the historical relationship between research and disciplinary intervention; the second, takes up those productions that propose definitions on the current relationship between both dimensions; the third axis addresses productions that emphasize research, highlighting the uniqueness of scientific research from Social Work, elaborating alternative proposals for its consolidation. Finally, this article concludes by recovering the main aspects that emerged during the study of the aforementioned literature, and proposes a series of reflections that allow us to imagine a different disciplinary task-knowledge.

Ethnic Minority and Majority Social Workers Working with Ethnic Minority Clients: Culture-Bound Professional Interventions and Burnout among Arab and Jewish Israeli Social Workers

Purpose This study tests a new bicultural model of social work with ethnic minority clients. We examined how often social workers applied professional interventions rooted in the minority and majority cultures and how the choice of interventions affected the social workers' burnout. Methods: The study was conducted in Israel, and the research samples included Arab ( n = 300) and Jewish ( n = 210) social workers. Results: We found that Arab and Jewish social workers more often used interventions rooted in the minority than in the majority culture. More frequent application of both types of interventions was associated with a higher level of personal accomplishment in both groups of social workers. However, the connection between interventions rooted in the majority culture and burnout was positive among Jewish and negative among Arab social workers. Discussion: The implementation of the obtained results in social work practice with ethnic minorities is discussed.

Ethical Challenges for Palestinian Social Workers During Corona Pandemic

The aim of this study was to focus specifically on the ethical challenges of social workers’ practice their works in quarantine centers during corona pandemic. This study reports objective results for purposive sampling selected, (142) social workers in five governorates in the Gaza Strip-Palestine. After reviewing the literature, the researcher constructed a survey four question; two of which are open-ended while the other two are closed-ended. Social workers were recruited by e-mail in May 2020 after providing their consent. Results: The most important ethical challenges facing social workers in their work during the corona pandemic are: risk faced while moving in public transportations, poor prevention and safety measures for social workers such as sterilizers, masks and gloves. 67.6% of social workers responded that their institutions developed policy protocols to help them work safely during the Coved-19 while 75.4% of social workers responded that they had access to protection measures to make their communication safer with their clients. The most important way in which social workers were involved in their professional interventions with clients was: communicating with clients by phone or SMS, but also through social networks, or communicating directly with the need to observe social distancing.

Review Paper: ‘Discourses on the Place of Mothers Rights where They Are Subject to Domestic Violence within Child Protection Work in England’

This article examines the place of gendered relationships between parents with regard to child protection work in England, and the effects of this on mothers who are abused by their male partners. These areas are discussed within an emotionally, socially, and politically charged set of issues concerning to what extent the State should intervene, why, and how between parents and their children in terms of parental rights and child protection. In this way, the article examines fault lines in the Western world’s ideology of the family, and concepts and realities of parental, mothers’ and children’s rights. In examining dominant and competing discourses on parental rights in child protection work, the case is made for the need to disaggregate concepts and approaches away from parental rights per se, to viewing the possibility of needing to see fathers and mothers needs and rights as at times being in conflict. This becomes particularly problematic in relation to mothers’ rights to their own protection from abuse, and how this relates to professional interventions when both the mother and the children are being abused. It considers the need to acknowledge and foreground taking account of how the mother and child(ren) are experiencing the abuse, not how society and professionals might like to view the situation by way of an idealized view of families through a particular ideological lens.

Social workers’ approaches to ethical dilemmas

Summary The study objective was the identification of social workers’ ethic profiles in their professional interventions. To conduct this pilot study, we used data from a national survey ( N = 1071) carried out in Spain. The information was collected through an online questionnaire. Findings Results show that social workers face a variety of ethical dilemmas in their professional practice. Through exploratory factor analysis, it was revealed that the underlying structure of the questionnaire consisted of three categories: direct service to individuals and families, design and implementation of social welfare policy and programmes and relationships among professional colleagues. Through latent class analysis, four unique social workers’ ethical profiles were identified: professionals with minimum incidence of experiencing ethical dilemmas, professionals with low incidence of experiencing ethical dilemmas, professionals with a notable incidence of experiencing ethical dilemmas and, finally, professionals with high incidence of experiencing ethical dilemmas. A third of the social workers in the sample showed a very low probability to be conflicted by ethical dilemmas. Applications The pilot study is expected to serve as a catalyst for discussion of social workers’ ethical conduct and professional practice, to promote professional ethics training and education and to support the development of professional guidelines.

ZNAČAJ ODNOSA STRUČNJAKA I KORISNIKA TE STRUČNIH POSTUPAKA U PREVENCIJI BJEGOVA MLADIH IZ ODGOJNIH USTANOVA

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARE GIVERS AND BENEFICIARIES AND PROFESSIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE PREVENTION OF RUNAWAYS FROM RESIDENTIAL CARE Youth runaways are often mentioned as a burning problem in residential care. Apart from phenomenological aspects and factors that contribute to this phenomenon, and which have previously been analyzed in scientific research studies, this paper is focused on the relationship of young people who have already had an experience of runaway from residential care with professionals, primarily educators. Existing research studies indicate the significance of the relationship between the users and professionals, at which poor relationship is associated with the reasons for youth runaways, and a good relationship with protective factors that prevent the youth from running away and which protect them generally is perceived as a factor that contributes to the success of the treatment. The aim of this paper is to present how young persons experience the relationship with professionals, and which actions of professionals they identify as potentially useful and efficient in the prevention of runaways from residential care. The focus is on the significance and possibilities of professional helping relationship between professionals and young persons with the aim of preventing the occurrence of youth runaways from residential care. The perspective of 15 young persons with the experience of runaway from residential care is presented. The technique of a semi-structured interview was applied for the data collection, and a thematic analysis was conducted for data processing. As a result of the thematic analysis in which three topics were determined as a framework, 12 categories and 57 codes were recognized. The results of this research indicate that the relationships between the users and educators are complex and multi-layered. Young people primarily experience the relationships positively, and the relationships depend on the actions of the educators as well as on their own actions. The actions of the educators that the youth experienced after returning to residential care after runaway can be divided into those happening immediately after the runaway and those with a time lapse. The dominant intervention following runaways is a conversation about the runaway which contains the elements of obtaining the data about the course of the runaway, gaining an insight into the reasons for the runaway, raising awareness about the consequences and giving advice. Apart from conversations, young people mention the consequences which include grounding, lifting privileges and isolation. The results illuminate how the relationship between young people and professionals can become an important prerequisite in the prevention of youth runaways from residential care.

Can Professional Interventions Contribute to an Escalation in Cases of Youth Violence? Considering the Impact of the Shift from Informal to Formal Youth Support on an Inner City Housing Estate

Youth violence is on the increase across many UK cities and although national trends, such as more networked entrepreneurial drug dealing, are contributing to the spread of such incidents, localised community environments play a significant role in the development of violent youth cultures. Based on a 4-year ethnographic study, this article explores how the shift from a resident led, relationship-based interaction, to a more professionalised evidenced-based intervention model, increased the risk of young people getting involved in youth violence. Efforts to address youth violence should consider including more relational informal support networks, alongside more specialist interventions.

Primary Teeth Stains and Discoloration: A Review

The current review assesses the literature concerning the etiology of primary teeth staining and discoloration. The appearance of the dentition is of concern to many children and their caregivers seeking dental treatment as the color of the teeth is of aesthetic importance. The correct diagnosis of the cause of the discoloration is important as, invariably, it has a profound effect on treatment outcomes. It would seem reasonable, therefore, that dental practitioners understand the etiology of tooth discoloration to make a diagnosis and enable appropriate treatment to be conducted. Knowledge of the etiology of tooth staining is of importance to the dental practitioner to explain the patient the exact nature of the condition. In some instances, the mechanism of staining affects the outcome of the treatment and influences the options the dentist will be able to offer. Many of these contributing factors are preventable if parents are educated, managed by professional interventions, or provide a multidisciplinary approach. In this review, we highlight the importance of children smiles and the difference between primary and permanent teeth. We discuss the different types of primary teeth staining and discoloration and whether it is intrinsic or extrinsic, as well as the different impacts of some conditions on primary teeth compared with permanent teeth.

Relationships Between CSA Characteristics, Waiting Time, and Psychotherapy Treatment Response

Child sexual abuse (CSA) can cause negative outcomes on cognitive, emotional, physical, and social development of the victims. A significant amount of symptoms related to CSA can be minimized or even treated with professional interventions. Thereby, it is important to examine factors related to treatment response. This article aimed to identify the relationships between CSA characteristics (abuse form, age, relationship with the offender, context, and frequency), waiting time for psychotherapy, and treatment response. Zero-order correlation analysis and network analysis were performed. The analyses called the attention to two important aspects: victims' perception of guilt and waiting time for treatment. In conclusion, these results show that it is crucial to prioritize the development of guilt-related interventions on the treatment of CSA victims. Additionally, it also demonstrates that the immediate psychological care after the disclosure of the abuse can contribute for impact minimization of this experience on children and adolescents.