VI. Researches on myohamatin and the histohæmatins

1886 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 267-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Paper ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Working Out

In a short paper read before the Physiological Society, in 1884 I gave a preliminary account of a new colouring matter which I had discovered in muscle by means of the spectroscope; also of a class of colouring matters found in the tissues and organs of invertebrate and vertebrate animals to which the former pigment evidently belongs, and which I named histohæmatins from their occurrence in the animal tissues. The name myohæmatin was proposed for the muscle pigment for reasons which will be given further on. Since the publication of that paper I have been engaged in working out the distri­bution of these pigments in the Animal Kingdom, and have tried to find out their relationship to other colouring matters and the changes produced in them by reagents.

Optical Properties and Photoexcitations in Regularly Alternating Conjugated Copolymers

1993 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tubino ◽  
C. Botta ◽  
S. Destri ◽  
W. Porzio ◽  
L. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Energy Barrier ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Optical Characterization ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Thiophene Moiety ◽  
Resonant Raman

ABSTRACTWe report in this short paper a preliminary account on the design, preparation, optical characterization and photoexcitation of a class of novel conjugated polymers consisting of regularly alternating thiophene and benzene sequences, which Might represent Models for one-dimensional superlattices. Optical absorption and emission spectra suggest that the barriers produced by the phenylene Moieties do not interrupt the conjugation but can produce localization effects. Resonant Raman spectra indicate that a selective response of the thiophene Moiety occurs upon excitation with visible light. Moreover these Measurements confirm the presence of a confinement on the thiophene blocks, while the biphenil Moiety does not appear to feel the energy barrier and behaves as the corresponding polymer poly (paraphenylene) (PPP). CW photomodulation spectra show that the formation of long-lived bipolarons takes place only if the thienylenic Moiety is long enough to accomodate the lattice distortion.

scholarly journals A spectrographic analysis of animal tissues

1931 ◽  
Vol 108 (755) ◽  
pp. 157-173 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Tissue Contents

It is recognised that, in addition to those chemical elements which are known to be necessary and essential constituents of protoplasm, others have a wide distribution in living matter. Such are iron, copper, zinc, aluminium and manganese. Besides these, a number of additional elements have been recorded as occurring spasmodically in animal and plant tissues. Hitherto the spectro-scope has rarely been used as a method of detecting uncommon elements in animal tissues; yet the spectroscope supplies a valuable tool for making a wide survey of tissue contents with a rapidity of which chemical methods do not allow. The present paper is the first report on such a survey, carried out on a quantitative basis. The field to be covered is, of course, vast. As a beginning, we have restricted ourselves mainly to annelids, in which whole animals were analysed, and molluscs, the separate organs of which were dissected out and dealt with. In addition, a limited amount of other material has been studied, including human organs, insects, and a few representatives of other groups. As the work progresses it is intended to investigate the principal divisions of the animal kingdom.

scholarly journals Researches on the chemistry of coal. Part VI.—Its benzenoid constitution as shown by its oxidation with alkaline permanganate

1930 ◽  
Vol 127 (806) ◽  
pp. 480-510 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Alkaline Permanganate ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coal Residue ◽  
Working Out

In Part IV of this series a preliminary account was given of the discovery that the benzene-pressure-extracted “residue” of a typical bituminous coal can readily be oxidised by means of an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate with formation of considerable quantities of benzenoid acids, among which benzene hexacarboxylic (mellitic) and 1:2:3:4 benzene tetracarboxylic acids had been isolated and identified, the total yield of such acids obtained amounting to between 25 and 40 per cent, of the weight of the coal residue taken, according to the conditions under which the oxidation had been conducted. Seeing that the benzene-pressure-extracted “residue” treated in the experiments was 88·6 per cent, of the original coal substance, such results indicated that a considerable part of the original coal substance is of a benzenoid character, and the working out of the possibilities thereby opened up was reserved for further investigation because of its bearing upon the chemical constitution of coal. Since the publication of those results the subject has been under continuous investigation in the Fuel Research Laboratories of the Imperial College with the aid of grants from the Fuel Research Board of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, and the present paper gives an account of our further experiments.

On the cross-sectional shape of the cellulose crystallites in the tunicate Halocynthia papillosa

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
J.-F. Revol ◽  
Y. Van Daele ◽  
F. Gaill
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Field Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Valonia Ventricosa ◽  
C Nmr

The only form of cellulose which could unequivocally be ascribed to the animal kingdom is the tunicin that occurs in the tests of the tunicates. Recently, high-resolution solid-state l3C NMR revealed that tunicin belongs to the Iβ form of cellulose as opposed to the Iα form found in Valonia and bacterial celluloses. The high perfection of the tunicin crystallites led us to study its crosssectional shape and to compare it with the shape of those in Valonia ventricosa (V.v.), the goal being to relate the cross-section of cellulose crystallites with the two allomorphs Iα and Iβ.In the present work the source of tunicin was the test of the ascidian Halocvnthia papillosa (H.p.). Diffraction contrast imaging in the bright field mode was applied on ultrathin sections of the V.v. cell wall and H.p. test with cellulose crystallites perpendicular to the plane of the sections. The electron microscope, a Philips 400T, was operated at 120 kV in a low intensity beam condition.

The promises and perfidy of cryomicroscopy and analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
List Type ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Cellular Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy

The unusual title of this short paper and its accompanying tutorial is deliberate, because the intent is to investigate the effectiveness of low temperature microscopy and analysis as one of the more significant elements of the less interventionist procedures we can use to prepare, examine and analyse hydrated and organic materials in high energy beam instruments. The promises offered by all these procedures are well rehearsed and the litany of petitions and responses may be enunciated in the following mantra.Vitrified water can form the perfect embedding medium for bio-organic samples.Frozen samples provide an important, but not exclusive, milieu for the in situ sub-cellular analysis of the dissolved ions and electrolytes whose activities are central to living processes.The rapid conversion of liquids to solids provides a means of arresting dynamic processes and permits resolution of the time resolved interactions between water and suspended and dissolved materials.The low temperature environment necessary for cryomicroscopy and analysis, diminish, but alas do not prevent, the deleterious side effects of ionizing radiation.Sample contamination is virtually eliminated.

The Animal Kingdom

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Cuvier ◽  
Edward Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Animal Kingdom

The Animal Kingdom

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Cuvier ◽  
Edward Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Animal Kingdom

Working out how to quit smoking

Nature ◽  
1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Therese Heemels
Keyword(s):  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Working Out

Post-Soviet economy development: From the past to the future

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Present Situation ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Out ◽  
A Current

The article is devoted to major events in the history of the post-Soviet economy, their influence on forming and development of modern Russia. The author considers stages of restructuring, market reforms, transformational crisis, and recovery growth (1999-2011), as well as a current period which started in2011 and is experiencing serious problems. The present situation is analyzed, four possible scenarios are put forward for Russia: “inertia”, “mobilization”, “decisive leap”, “gradual democratic development”. More than 30 experts were questioned in the process of working out the scenarios.

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