scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of Anoxygenic phototrophs from shrimp ponds in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xelimar Ramirez ◽  
Imeleta Luamanu ◽  
Ruben Michael Ceballos ◽  
Elizabeth Padilla Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Purple Bacteria ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Anoxygenic Phototrophs ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Anoxygenic phototrophic purple bacteria are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments and demonstrate broad phenotypic diversity. Purple bacteriaderive energy from light under anaerobic conditions via anoxygenic photosynthesis, a process in which water is not the electron donor. It has been suggested that these bacteria are useful for a variety of applications, including: wastewater treatment; heavy metal remediation; nitrogen fixation; and, control of CH4 emissions. In this study, the goal was to isolate and characterize PNSB from shrimp ponds in Thailand. Surface water and sediment were collected. Enrichment cultures were prepared using Pfenning’s mineral media. As indicated by development of reddish color and turbidity, anoxygenic phototrophic growth was observed within two days of incubation. Cultures in liquid media and on solid plates exhibited a deep red or purple color ten weeks post-inoculation. Under light microscopy, enrichments consist of communities dominated by thin, elongated gram-negative cells with granules of elemental sulfur, which are characteristic of purple bacteria. Molecular methods confirm the presence of pufLM, a genetic biomarker for purple bacteria (e.g., Thiohalocapsa marina, Allochromatium vinosum, Roseovarius tolerans). Initial sequencing of key genes (i.e., pufLM) indicate that these environmental samples contain novel isolates or “geographic variants” that have not been previously described. We have developed a few pure cultures of multiple species from these environmental samples. Since shrimp farming is a key industry in southern Thailand, the characterization of the microbial communities in these ecosystems, including anoxygenic phototrophs, will provide insights into how to maintain water quality in these food production systems.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of potential probiotic bacteria from pustulose ark (Anadara tuberculosa) suitable for shrimp farming

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Sanchez Ortiz ◽  
Antonio Luna Gonzalez ◽  
Angel Isidro Campa Cordova ◽  
Ruth Escamilla Montes ◽  
Maria del Carmen Flores Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Isolation and characterization of microcystins from laboratory cultures and environmental samples ofMicrocystis aeruginosa and from an associated animal toxicosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Lawton ◽  
Christine Edwards ◽  
Kenneth A. Beattie ◽  
Stephen Pleasance ◽  
Gordon J. Dear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Laboratory Cultures

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Thermophilic Bacteria from Jordanian Hot Springs: Bacillus licheniformis and Thermomonas hydrothermalis Isolates as Potential Producers of Thermostable Enzymes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balsam T. Mohammad ◽  
Hala I. Al Daghistani ◽  
Atef Jaouani ◽  
Saleh Abdel-Latif ◽  
Christian Kennes
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Blast Search ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The aim of this study was the isolation and characterization of thermophilic bacteria from hot springs in Jordan. Ten isolates were characterized by morphological, microscopic, biochemical, molecular, and physiological characteristics. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA of the isolates followed by BLAST search revealed that nine strains could be identified as Bacillus licheniformis and one isolate as Thermomonas hydrothermalis. This is the first report on the isolation of Thermomonas species from Jordanian hot springs. The isolates showed an ability to produce some thermostable enzymes such as amylase, protease, cellulose, gelatins, and lecithin. Moreover, the UPGMA dendrogram of the enzymatic characteristics of the ten isolates was constructed; results indicated a high phenotypic diversity, which encourages future studies to explore further industrial and environmental applications.

scholarly journals Acidianus Tailed Spindle Virus: a New Archaeal Large Tailed Spindle Virus Discovered by Culture-Independent Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 3458-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Hochstein ◽  
Maximiliano J. Amenabar ◽  
Jacob H. Munson-McGee ◽  
Eric S. Boyd ◽  
Mark J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Virus Discovery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Domains Of Life

ABSTRACTThe field of viral metagenomics has expanded our understanding of viral diversity from all three domains of life (Archaea,Bacteria, andEukarya). Traditionally, viral metagenomic studies provide information about viral gene content but rarely provide knowledge about virion morphology and/or cellular host identity. Here we describe a new virus,Acidianustailed spindle virus (ATSV), initially identified by bioinformatic analysis of viral metagenomic data sets from a high-temperature (80°C) acidic (pH 2) hot spring located in Yellowstone National Park, followed by more detailed characterization using only environmental samples without dependency on culturing. Characterization included the identification of the large tailed spindle virion morphology, determination of the complete 70.8-kb circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viral genome content, and identification of its cellular host. Annotation of the ATSV genome revealed a potential three-domain gene product containing an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain, followed by a likely posttranslation regulatory region consisting of high serine and threonine content, and a C-terminal ESCRT-III domain, suggesting interplay with the host ESCRT system. The host of ATSV, which is most closely related toAcidianus hospitalis, was determined by a combination of analysis of cellular clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas loci and dual viral and cellular fluorescencein situhybridization (viral FISH) analysis of environmental samples and confirmed by culture-based infection studies. This work provides an expanded pathway for the discovery, isolation, and characterization of new viruses using culture-independent approaches and provides a platform for predicting and confirming virus hosts.IMPORTANCEVirus discovery and characterization have been traditionally accomplished by using culture-based methods. While a valuable approach, it is limited by the availability of culturable hosts. In this research, we report a virus-centered approach to virus discovery and characterization, linking viral metagenomic sequences to a virus particle, its sequenced genome, and its host directly in environmental samples, without using culture-dependent methods. This approach provides a pathway for the discovery, isolation, and characterization of new viruses. While this study used an acidic hot spring environment to characterize a new archaeal virus,Acidianustailed spindle virus (ATSV), the approach can be generally applied to any environment to expand knowledge of virus diversity in all three domains of life.

A metagenomic approach to discover a novel β-glucosidase from bovine rumens

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eukote Suwan ◽  
Siriphan Arthornthurasuk ◽  
Prachumporn T. Kongsaeree
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Screening Approach ◽  
Metagenomic Sample ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

Abstractβ-Glucosidases play an important role in biomass degradation as they hydrolyze cellobiose to glucose in a final step of cellulolysis. In particular, ruminant animals rely onβ-glucosidases from rumen microorganisms for conversion of plant cellulosic materials into glucose. In this study, we are interested in characterization of a novelβ-glucosidase from rumen microorganisms. However, most rumen microorganisms are obligate anaerobes, which require special cultivation conditions. Presently, the metagenomic techniques, which enable isolation and characterization of microbial genes directly from environmental samples, have been applied to overcome these problems. In this study, the sequence-based screening approach was successfully applied to identify a novelβ-glucosidase gene,Br2, from a bovine rumen metagenomic sample. A 1338-bp complete coding sequence ofBr2encodes a 51-kDa GH1β-glucosidase of 445 amino acid residues with 59% sequence identity to aβ-glucosidase fromCellulosilyticum ruminicolaJCM 14822. The recombinantly expressed Br2 exhibited an optimal activity at pH 6.5 and 40°C, reflecting its rumen bacterial origin, and relatively higher catalytic efficiencies toward glucoside and fucoside substrates than other glycosides, similar to many previously reported bacterialβ-glucosidases. Our sequence-based screening approach can be applied to identify other genes of interest from environmental samples.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Infectious Vibrio Species from the Whiteleg Shrimp: Litopenaeus vannamei

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Microbial Risk Assessment ◽  
Microbial Risk ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Vibrio Campbellii ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Aquaculture shrimp farming has serious problems with diseases caused by viruses and bacteria, which lead to severe economic loss. The genus Vibrio is a group of facultative anaerobic microbes, most frequently found in aquatic environments and marine hosts. The Gram-negative genus Vibrio is one of the most important classes of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture systems and is a key cause of high mortality. The isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of Vibrio spp are studied from infected shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The microorganisms were isolated from the tissues of a white gut infected shrimp collected from diseased aquaculture ponds. After subculturing, microbial isolates were obtained using TCBS agar plates for vibrio selection, and the biochemical key was developed. Meanwhile, 11 isolates of bacteria belonging to the Vibrionaceae family have been identified in this study. For these, six Vibrio species-related isolates are responsible for vibriosis in the shrimp. These included Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio campbellii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio owensii, Vibrio rotiferianus, and Vibrio alginolyticus. The extraction of DNA was carried out with a QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN). The extracted DNA was analyzed using an electrophoresis of 1 % agarose gel, the consistency and quantity of Vibrio spp's gDNA. NanoDropTM 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific) was used for determination. In addition, the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies) has been used to verify the gDNA libraries' validity, purity, concentration, and scale. In addition, Vibrio spp, a phylogenetic tree focused on maximum likelihood and bootstrapping, was performed using the MEGA version to examine the evolutionary phylogenetic relationship between the strains. This study's main objective would be useful in integrating strain variation in predicting microbiology and microbial risk assessment and may provide scientific guidelines for major Vibrio strains that may be responsible for vibriosis infection in the management of shrimp aquaculture disease.

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