scholarly journals Roseovarius crassostreae sp. nov., a member of the Roseobacter clade and the apparent cause of juvenile oyster disease (JOD) in cultured Eastern oysters

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1531-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine J. Boettcher ◽  
Kara K. Geaghan ◽  
Aaron P. Maloy ◽  
Bruce J. Barber
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
The North ◽  
Principal Fatty Acid ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Juvenile Oyster Disease

An α-proteobacterium has been identified which is believed to be the causative agent of juvenile oyster disease (JOD). Since its first isolation in 1997, the bacterium has been recovered as the numerically dominant species from JOD-affected animals throughout the north-eastern United States (Maine, New York and Massachusetts). Colonies are usually beige to pinkish-beige, although the majority of isolates recovered in 2003 from an epizootic in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, produce colonies with a greenish-yellow appearance. The cells are Gram-negative, aerobic, strictly marine and rod or ovoid in appearance. They are actively motile by one or two flagella, but cells are also observed to produce tufts of polar fimbriae. The principal fatty acid in whole cells is C18 : 1 ω7c and other characteristic fatty acids are C16 : 0, C10 : 0 3-OH, 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c and C18 : 0. Almost without exception, isolates have 16S rRNA gene sequences that are 100 % identical to each other. Phylogenetic analyses place the organism within the Roseobacter clade of the α-Proteobacteria, with moderate bootstrap support for inclusion in the genus Roseovarius. DNA–DNA relatedness values from pairwise comparisons of this organism with the type species of the genus (Roseovarius tolerans) and the only other described species in this genus, Roseovarius nubinhibens, were 11 and 47 %, respectively. Phenotypic and biochemical dissimilarities also support the assignment of this bacterium to a novel species. The name Roseovarius crassostreae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain CV919-312T (=ATCC BAA-1102T=DSM 16950T).

THE THREE RANATRAS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN UNITED STATES

1905 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
J. R. De La Torre Bueno
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
York State ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
First Time

Several entomologists have discussed with me the question of the distinguishing characters of Ranatra quadridentata, Stal, and Ranatra fusca, Pal. Beauv., and in consequence I venture to set forth here briefly and plainly the differences between these two and Ranatra kirkaldyi, n. sp, which I took for the first time in New York State.

scholarly journals Thermococcus paralvinellae sp. nov. and Thermococcus cleftensis sp. nov. of hyperthermophilic heterotrophs from deep-sea hydrothermal vents

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 3655-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Hensley ◽  
Jong-Hyun Jung ◽  
Cheon-Seok Park ◽  
James F. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

Two heterotrophic hyperthermophilic strains, ES1T and CL1T, were isolated from Paralvinella sp. polychaete worms collected from active hydrothermal vent chimneys in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean. Both were obligately anaerobic and produced H2S in the presence of elemental sulfur and H2. Complete genome sequences are available for both strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains are more than 97 % similar to most other species of the genus Thermococcus . Therefore, overall genome relatedness index analyses were performed to establish that these strains are novel species. For each analysis, strain ES1T was determined to be most similar to Thermococcus barophilus MPT, while strain CL1T was determined to be most similar to Thermococcus sp. 4557. The average nucleotide identity scores for these strains were 84 % for strain ES1T and 81 % for strain CL1T, genome-to-genome direct comparison scores were 23 % for strain ES1T and 47 % for strain CL1T, and the species identification scores were 89 % for strain ES1T and 88 % for strain CL1T. For each analysis, strains ES1T and CL1T were below the species delineation cut-off. Therefore, based on their whole genome sequences, strains ES1T and CL1T are suggested to represent novel species of the genus Thermococcus for which the names Thermococcus paralvinellae sp. nov. and Thermococcus cleftensis sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains are ES1T ( = DSM 27261T = KACC 17923T) and CL1T ( = DSM 27260T = KACC 17922T).

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Synonymy of Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. (Dinophyceae), a Common Unarmored Dinoflagellate in the World Oceans [plus supplementary materials]

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Fernando Gómez ◽  
Luis F. Artigas ◽  
Rebecca J. Gast
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial World ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Environmental Sequences

The North Sea and the English Channel are regions with a long tradition of plankton studies, where the colony-forming haptophyte Phaeocystis globosa dominates the spring phytoplankton blooms. Among its predators, we investigated an abundant unarmored dinoflagellate (~3000 cells per liter) in the North Sea in May 2019. It has been reported in the literature as Gymnodinium heterostriatum or G. striatissimum, and often identified as Gyrodinium spirale. Phylogenetic analyses using the small-, large subunit- and Internal Transcriber Spacers of the ribosomal RNA (SSU-, LSU-, ITS rRNA) gene sequences indicate that our isolates clustered within the Gyrodinium clade. The new sequences formed a sister group with sequences of the freshwater taxon Gyrodinium helveticum, being one of the infrequent marine-freshwater transitions in the microbial world. This isolate is the first characterized member of a clade of numerous environmental sequences widely distributed from cold to tropical seas. This common and abundant taxon has received several names due to its morphological plasticity (changes of size and shape, often deformed after engulfing prey) and the difficulty in discerning surface striation. We conclude that the priority is for the species name Gymnodinium heterostriatum Kofoid & Swezy 1921, a new name that was proposed for Gymnodinium spirale var. obtusum sensu Dogiel 1906. The species Gyrodinium striatissimum (Hulburt 1957) Gert Hansen & Moestrup 2000 and Gymnodinium lucidum D. Ballantine in Parke & Dixon 1964 (=G. hyalinum M. Lebour 1925) are posterior synonyms. We propose Gyrodinium heterostriatum comb. nov. for Gymnodinium heterostriatum.

The morphology and phylogeny of two euplotid ciliates, Diophrys blakeneyensis spec. nov. and Diophrys oligothrix Borror, 1965 (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Euplotida)

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 2757-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Hu ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Alan Warren
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene Sequence

The morphology, infraciliature and molecular phylogeny of two marine ciliated protozoans, Diophrys blakeneyensis spec. nov. and Diophrys oligothrix Borror, 1965, isolated from British salt marshes, were investigated using microscopic observations of live and protargol-impregnated specimens, and by small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequence analysis. Diophrys blakeneyensis spec. nov. is characterized as follows: cell oval to rectangular in outline; size variable, approximately 60–180 × 30–80 µm in vivo; adoral zone comprising about 45 membranelles; usually five frontal, two ventral, five transverse, two left marginal and three caudal cirri; five dorsal kineties with more than 10 dikinetids each; 7–23 spherical to ellipsoid macronuclear nodules in a ring-like pattern; marine biotope. The population of Diophrys oligothrix described here corresponds well with previous populations in terms of its general morphology and ciliary pattern, in particular the continuous ciliary rows on the dorsal side with loosely arranged cilia. The main differences between the present and previously reported populations are the broader buccal field and greater number of dorsal kineties in the present population, both of which are regarded as population-dependent features. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data demonstrate that Diophrys blakeneyensis is most closely related to Diophrys oligothrix, and both organisms cluster with two congeners with high bootstrap support within a larger group that contain the core species of the Diophrys-complex. Cladistic analysis based on morphological and morphogenetic data broadly agree with the SSU rRNA gene sequence phylogeny. Both analyses suggest that the genus Diophrys may be polyphyletic.

A Sibling Species Group of Hydractinia in the North-Eastern United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo W. Buss ◽  
Philip O. Yund
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Symbiotic Organisms

Many symbiotic organisms are narrowly distributed on one or a few host species. These associations are intriguing, as they invite the development of hypotheses regarding the pattern and process of speciation and serve as laboratories for the testing of methods of phylogenetic reconstruction (Kraus, 1978; Futuyma & Slatkin, 1983; Stone & Hawks worth, 1986). The evolution of host-specificity in the sea may be expected to be severely constrained by the difficulty of achieving reproductive isolation in taxa whose gametes are freely released into the water column and/or whose larvae are potentially widely distributed (Scheltema, 1977). Yet this difficulty may well be overestimated, given the recent demonstrations of limited gamete (Pennington, 1985; Yund, in press) and larval dispersal (Knight-Jones & Moyse, 1961; Ryland, 1981; Olsen, 1985; Jackson & Coates, 1986; Grosberg, 1987). Indeed, if gamete and larval dispersal are as limited as has recently been contended (Jackson, 1986), local isolation of populations may be a routine occurence, offering repeated opportunities for speciation.

scholarly journals The recent development of melanism in the larvæ of certain species of Lepidoptera, with an account of its inheritance in Selenia bilunaria esp

1932 ◽  
Vol 111 (770) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Geometrid Moth ◽  
State Of Affairs

One of the most remarkable evolutionary processes, the more striking since it has occured before our eyes, has been the rise and spread of melanism and melanochroism amongst the Lepidopetera. Commencing about 1850 in the Manchester area in England with the Geometrid moth Amphidasys betularia L., which yielded the black form carbonaria Jord. ( doubledayaria Mill.), this development has proceeded so rapidly, and become so widespread, that now there is scarcely a country in Northern and Central Europe which does not produce its quota of melanic insects. Moreover, the same state of affairs exists in the North-Eastern United States, although there the number of species affected, up to the present, is not so great as in Europe. Another important feature about these changes lies in the circumstance that, almost uniformly, in Europe and in the United States, the first species to exhibit melanism in any given area have been Amphidasys betularia and Tephrosia crepuscularia . From the beginning, the Geometridæ, more especially the subfamily Boarmiinæ, have provided not only the bulk of the melanic varieties, but also the greatest numbers of individuals. In many areas, as for example in the case of A. betularia and Y psipetes trifasciata , only black examples occur. Nevertheless, other groups include species which have gone black; for instance, the Noctuidæ present black forms of Aplecta nebulosa Hufn., the Cymatophoridæ of Cymatophora or F., the Arctiidæ of Spilosoma lubricipeda L., the Gelechiidæ of Chimabacche fagella F., and so on.

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