scholarly journals Succinate dehydrogenase functioning by a reverse redox loop mechanism and fumarate reductase in sulphate-reducing bacteria

Microbiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (8) ◽  
pp. 2443-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Zaunmüller ◽  
David J. Kelly ◽  
Frank O. Glöckner ◽  
Gottfried Unden
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Fumarate Reductase ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Succinate Oxidation ◽  
Proton Potential ◽  
Fumarate Respiration ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulphate- or sulphur-reducing bacteria with known or draft genome sequences (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20, Desulfobacterium autotrophicum [draft], Desulfotalea psychrophila and Geobacter sulfurreducens) all contain sdhCAB or frdCAB gene clusters encoding succinate : quinone oxidoreductases. frdD or sdhD genes are missing. The presence and function of succinate dehydrogenase versus fumarate reductase was studied. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (strain Essex 6) grew by fumarate respiration or by fumarate disproportionation, and contained fumarate reductase activity. Desulfovibrio vulgaris lacked fumarate respiration and contained succinate dehydrogenase activity. Succinate oxidation by the menaquinone analogue 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone depended on a proton potential, and the activity was lost after degradation of the proton potential. The membrane anchor SdhC contains four conserved His residues which are known as the ligands for two haem B residues. The properties are very similar to succinate dehydrogenase of the Gram-positive (menaquinone-containing) Bacillus subtilis, which uses a reverse redox loop mechanism in succinate : menaquinone reduction. It is concluded that succinate dehydrogenases from menaquinone-containing bacteria generally require a proton potential to drive the endergonic succinate oxidation. Sequence comparison shows that the SdhC subunit of this type lacks a Glu residue in transmembrane helix IV, which is part of the uncoupling E-pathway in most non-electrogenic FrdABC enzymes.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of a Single Bifunctional Enzyme for Fumarate Reduction and Succinate Oxidation in Geobacter sulfurreducens and Engineering of Fumarate Reduction in Geobacter metallireducens

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Butler ◽  
Richard H. Glaven ◽  
Abraham Esteve-Núñez ◽  
Cinthia Núñez ◽  
Evgenya S. Shelobolina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Fumarate Reductase ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Geobacter Metallireducens ◽  
Terminal Electron Acceptor ◽  
Fumarate Reduction

ABSTRACT The mechanism of fumarate reduction in Geobacter sulfurreducens was investigated. The genome contained genes encoding a heterotrimeric fumarate reductase, FrdCAB, with homology to the fumarate reductase of Wolinella succinogenes and the succinate dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis. Mutation of the putative catalytic subunit of the enzyme resulted in a strain that lacked fumarate reductase activity and was unable to grow with fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor. The mutant strain also lacked succinate dehydrogenase activity and did not grow with acetate as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. The mutant strain could grow with acetate as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor if fumarate was provided to alleviate the need for succinate dehydrogenase activity in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The growth rate of the mutant strain under these conditions was faster and the cell yields were higher than for wild type grown under conditions requiring succinate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting that the succinate dehydrogenase reaction consumes energy. An orthologous frdCAB operon was present in Geobacter metallireducens, which cannot grow with fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor. When a putative dicarboxylic acid transporter from G. sulfurreducens was expressed in G. metallireducens, growth with fumarate as the sole electron acceptor was possible. These results demonstrate that, unlike previously described organisms, G. sulfurreducens and possibly G. metallireducens use the same enzyme for both fumarate reduction and succinate oxidation in vivo.

scholarly journals Generation of a proton potential by succinate dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis functioning as a fumarate reductase

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (10) ◽  
pp. 3069-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Schnorpfeil ◽  
Ingo G. Janausch ◽  
Simone Biel ◽  
Achim Kröger ◽  
Gottfried Unden
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fumarate Reductase ◽  
Proton Potential

scholarly journals Desulfovibrio desulfuricans AY5 Isolated from a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder Binds Iron in Low-Soluble Greigite and Pyrite

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2558
Author(s):  
Olga V. Karnachuk ◽  
Olga P. Ikkert ◽  
Marat R. Avakyan ◽  
Yurii V. Knyazev ◽  
Mikhail N. Volochaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Draft Genome ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Iron Sulphides ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) of genus Desulfovibrio are a group of prokaryotes associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The connection between the elevated numbers of Desulfovibrio in the gut of children with ASD compared with healthy children remains unresolved. A conceivable consequence of SRB overgrowth in the gut is the conversion of bioavailable iron into low-soluble crystalline iron sulphides, causing iron deficiency in the organism. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence and physiological features of the first cultivable isolate from a patient with ASD, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans strain AY5.The capability of the strain to produce crystalline iron sulphides was studied under different pH conditions. The most notable greigite(Fe3S4) and pyrite (FeS2) formation was revealed at pH 6.0, which suggests that the iron loss due to insoluble sulphide formation may occur in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract. Strain AY5 was adapted to grow under nitrogen-limiting conditions by N2 fixation. The urease found in the strain’s genome may play a role in resistance to acidic pH.

Enzyme Electrokinetics:  Energetics of Succinate Oxidation by Fumarate Reductase and Succinate Dehydrogenase†

Biochemistry ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (37) ◽  
pp. 11234-11245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Léger ◽  
Kerensa Heffron ◽  
Harsh R. Pershad ◽  
Elena Maklashina ◽  
César Luna-Chavez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fumarate Reductase ◽  
Succinate Oxidation

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, Their Role in Intestinal Bowel Diseases, and Possible Control by Bacteriophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Ivan Kushkevych ◽  
Dani Dordević ◽  
Monika Vítězová ◽  
Simon K.-M. R. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Anoxic Environment ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) represent a group of prokaryotic microorganisms that are widely spread in the anoxic environment (seabed, riverbed and lakebed sediments, mud, intestinal tract of humans and animals, metal surfaces). SRB species also have an impact on processes occurring in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, including the connections between their presence and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since these SRB can develop antimicrobial resistance toward the drugs, including antibiotics and antimicrobial agents, bacteriophages could represent an additional potential effective treatment. The main objectives of the review were as follows: (a) to review SRB (both from intestinal and environmental sources) regarding their role in intestinal diseases as well as their influence in environmental processes; and (b) to review, according to literature data, the influence of bacteriophages on SRB and their possible applications. Since SRB can have a significant adverse influence on industry as well as on humans and animals health, phage treatment of SRB can be seen as a possible effective method of SRB inhibition. However, there are relatively few studies concerning the influence of phages on SRB strains. Siphoviridae and Myoviridae families represent the main sulfide-producing bacteria phages. The most recent studies induced, by UV light, bacteriophages from Desulfovibrio vulgaris NCIMB 8303 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 13541. Notwithstanding costly and medically significant negative impacts of phages on SRB, they have been the subject of relatively few studies. The current search for alternatives to chemical biocides and antibiotics has led to the renewed interest in phages as antibacterial biocontrol and therapeutic agents, including their use against SRB. Hence, phages might represent a promising treatment against SRB in the future.

The treatment of iron oxalate leach liquors in a UASB with sulfate reduction

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Teer ◽  
D. J. Leak ◽  
A. W. L. Dudeney ◽  
A. Narayanan ◽  
D. C. Stuckey
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis ◽  
Irreversible Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The presence of small amounts of iron (>0.013% Fe) in sand creates problems in the manufacture of high quality glass. Removal by hot sulphuric acid is possible, but creates environmental problems, and is costly. Hence organic acids such as oxalic have been investigated since they are effective in removing iron, and can be degraded anaerobically. The aim of this work was to identify key intermediates in the anaerobic degradation of oxalate in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) which was removing iron from solution in the sulphide form, and to determine the bacterial species involved. 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES) and molybdenum were selected as suitable inhibitors for methanogenic and sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) respectively. 40mM molybdenum was used to inhibit the SRB in a reactor with a 12hr HRT. Total SRB inhibition took place in 20 hrs, with a complete breakthrough of influent sulphate. The lack of an immediate oxalate breakthrough confirmed Desulfovibrio vulgaris subspecies oxamicus was not the predominant oxalate utilising species. Nevertheless, high concentrations of molybdenum were found to inhibit oxalate utilising bacteria in granular reactors but not in suspended population reactors; this observation was puzzling, and at present cannot be explained. Based on the intermediates identified, it was postulated that oxalate was degraded to formate by an oxalate utilising bacteria such as Oxalobacter formigenes, and the formate used by the SRBs to reduce sulphate. Acetate, as a minor intermediate, existed primarily as a source of cell carbon for oxalate utilising bacteria. Methanogenic inhibition identified that 62% of the CH4 in the reactor operated at 37°C originated from hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, whilst this figure was 80% at 20°C. Possible irreversible effects were recorded with hydrogenotrophic methanogens.

scholarly journals The probable site of action of thenolytrifluoracetone on the respiratory chain

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Ingledew ◽  
T Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Succinate Oxidation ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Spin Interactions ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Transfer Inhibitor ◽  
Probable Site ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

1. It is shown that the electron-transfer inhibitor thenoyltrifluoroacetone abolishes a respiratory-chain electron-paramagnetic-resonance absorbance due to spin-spin interactions of ubisemiquinones at concentrations similar to those required for inhibition of succinate oxidation. 2. A specific site of interaction of thenoyltrifluoroacetone with the respiratory chain is proposed to be on the ubisemiquinone with which succinate dehydrogenase reacts. 3. Our results further demonstrate the close association of the HiPIP (high-potential iron-sulphur) centre of succinate dehydrogenase with ubisemiquinone.

Experimental Investigation on the Active Range of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria for Geological Disposal

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fukunaga ◽  
H. Yoshikawa ◽  
K. Fujiki ◽  
H. Asano
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Geological Disposal ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

AbstractThe active range ofDesulfovibrio desulfuricans. a species of sulfate-reducing bacteria, was examined in terms of pH and Eh using a fermenter at controlled pH and Eh. Such research is important because sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are thought to exist underground at depths equal to those of supposed repositories for high-level radioactive wastes and to be capable of inducing corrosion of the metals used in containment vessels.SRB activity was estimated at 35°C, with lactate as an electron donor, at a pH range from 7 to 11 and Eh range from 0 to -380 mV. Activity increased as pH approached neutral and Eh declined. The upper pH limit for activity was between 9.9 and 10.3, at Eh of -360 to -384 mV. The upper Eh limit for activity was between -68 and -3 mV, at pH 7.1. These results show that SRB can be made active at higher pH by decreasing Eh, and that the higher pH levels of 8 to 10 produced by use of the buffer material bentonite does not suppress SRB completely.A chart was obtained showing the active range ofDesulfovibrio desulfuricansin terms of pH and Eh. Such charts can be used to estimate the viability of SRB and other microorganisms when the environmental conditions of a repository are specified.

scholarly journals Direct and Fe(II)-Mediated Reduction of Technetium by Fe(III)-Reducing Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 3743-3749 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Lloyd ◽  
V. A. Sole ◽  
C. V. G. Van Praagh ◽  
D. R. Lovley
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Geobacter Sulfurreducens ◽  
Biogenic Magnetite ◽  
Enzymatic Reduction ◽  
Rapid Formation ◽  
Oxidation Of Hydrogen ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Mediated Reduction

ABSTRACT The dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens reduced and precipitated Tc(VII) by two mechanisms. Washed cell suspensions coupled the oxidation of hydrogen to enzymatic reduction of Tc(VII) to Tc(IV), leading to the precipitation of TcO2 at the periphery of the cell. An indirect, Fe(II)-mediated mechanism was also identified. Acetate, although not utilized efficiently as an electron donor for direct cell-mediated reduction of technetium, supported the reduction of Fe(III), and the Fe(II) formed was able to transfer electrons abiotically to Tc(VII). Tc(VII) reduction was comparatively inefficient via this indirect mechanism when soluble Fe(III) citrate was supplied to the cultures but was enhanced in the presence of solid Fe(III) oxide. The rate of Tc(VII) reduction was optimal, however, when Fe(III) oxide reduction was stimulated by the addition of the humic analog and electron shuttle anthaquinone-2,6-disulfonate, leading to the rapid formation of the Fe(II)-bearing mineral magnetite. Under these conditions, Tc(VII) was reduced and precipitated abiotically on the nanocrystals of biogenic magnetite as TcO2 and was removed from solution to concentrations below the limit of detection by scintillation counting. Cultures of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria enriched from radionuclide-contaminated sediment using Fe(III) oxide as an electron acceptor in the presence of 25 μM Tc(VII) contained a singleGeobacter sp. detected by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and were also able to reduce and precipitate the radionuclide via biogenic magnetite. Fe(III) reduction was stimulated in aquifer material, resulting in the formation of Fe(II)-containing minerals that were able to reduce and precipitate Tc(VII). These results suggest that Fe(III)-reducing bacteria may play an important role in immobilizing technetium in sediments via direct and indirect mechanisms.

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