scholarly journals Role of the protein kinase PKR in the inhibition of varicella-zoster virus replication by beta interferon and gamma interferon

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Desloges ◽  
Markus Rahaus ◽  
Manfred H. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Type I ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Simplex Virus

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is sensitive to type I and type II interferons (IFNs), which mediate antiviral effects. In this study, it was demonstrated that IFN-β and IFN-γ inhibited the replication of VZV in vitro. Although IFN-β was more effective than IFN-γ, the level of inhibition of VZV replication achieved by the combination of both IFNs was more than additive and it was concluded that these two cytokines acted synergistically. Expression of the IFN-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase PKR and its phosphorylation level were not modulated strongly during ongoing replication of VZV. However, in the presence of IFN-β, but not IFN-γ, PKR expression and its phosphorylation were increased, explaining in part the inhibition of virus replication by IFNs. The expression of herpes simplex virus Us11, a viral protein with several functions, including prevention of PKR activation, strongly increased the level of VZV replication.

scholarly journals RNA Helicase A Regulates the Replication of RNA Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Rui-Zhu Shi ◽  
Yuan-Qing Pan ◽  
Li Xing
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Rna Helicase ◽  
Rna Helicase A ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
N Terminus

The RNA helicase A (RHA) is a member of DExH-box helicases and characterized by two double-stranded RNA binding domains at the N-terminus. RHA unwinds double-stranded RNA in vitro and is involved in RNA metabolisms in the cell. RHA is also hijacked by a variety of RNA viruses to facilitate virus replication. Herein, this review will provide an overview of the role of RHA in the replication of RNA viruses.

Resveratrol inhibition of varicella-zoster virus replication in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Docherty ◽  
Thomas J. Sweet ◽  
Erin Bailey ◽  
Seth A. Faith ◽  
Tristan Booth
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Varicella Zoster

scholarly journals Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF47 Protein Kinase, Which Is Required for Replication in Human T Cells, and ORF66 Protein Kinase, Which Is Expressed during Latency, Are Dispensable for Establishment of Latency

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 11180-11185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Sato ◽  
Lesley Pesnicak ◽  
Jeffrey I. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Parental Virus ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) results in a lifelong latent infection in human sensory and cranial nerve ganglia after primary infection. VZV open reading frame 47 (ORF47) and ORF66 encode protein kinases that phosphorylate several viral proteins, including VZV glycoprotein gE and ORF32, ORF62, and ORF63 proteins. Here we show that the ORF47 protein kinase also phosphorylates gI. While ORF47 is essential for virus replication in human T cells and skin, we found the gene to be dispensable for establishment of latent infection in dorsal root ganglia of rodents. ORF66 protein is expressed during latency. Rodents infected with VZV unable to express ORF66 developed latent infection at a rate similar to that for the parental virus. ORF63 transcripts, a hallmark of VZV latency, were also detected in similar numbers of animals infected with the ORF47 and ORF66 mutants and with the parental virus. VZV mutants unable to express four of the six genes that do not have herpes simplex virus (HSV) homologs (ORFs 1, 13, 32, 57) were also unimpaired for establishment of latency. While a truncated HSV VP16 mutant was previously reported to be unable to establish latency in a mouse model, we found that VZV with a deletion of ORF10, the homolog of HSV VP16, was dispensable for establishment of latency. Thus, seven genes, including one expressed during latency, are dispensable for establishing latent VZV infection.

Inhibitory activity of oxyresveratrol on wild-type and drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus replication in vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattaraporn Sasivimolphan ◽  
Vimolmas Lipipun ◽  
Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid ◽  
Masaya Takemoto ◽  
Pornpen Pramyothin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Varicella Zoster

scholarly journals Rapid Phenotypic Characterization Method for Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus Thymidine Kinases To Screen for Acyclovir-Resistant Viral Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1839-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Suzutani ◽  
Masayuki Saijo ◽  
Masayoshi Nagamine ◽  
Masahiro Ogasawara ◽  
Masanobu Azuma
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
T7 Promoter ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Simplex Virus

A rapid phenotypic screening method for herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) thymidine kinase (TK) genes was developed for monitoring acyclovir-resistant viruses. This method determines the biochemical phenotype of the TK polypeptide, which is synthesized in vitro from viral DNA using a procedure as follows. The TK gene of each sample virus strain is amplified and isolated under the control of a T7 promoter by PCR. The PCR products are transcribed with T7 RNA polymerase and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Using this method, enzymatic characteristics and the size of the TK polypeptides encoding HSV and VZV DNA were defined in less than 2 days without virus isolation. The assay should be a powerful tool in monitoring drug-resistant viruses, especially in cases in which virus isolation is difficult.

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