scholarly journals Synergistic pathogenicity of a phloem-limited begomovirus and tobamoviruses, despite negative interference

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Pohl ◽  
Christina Wege
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Synergistic Enhancement ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Abutilon Mosaic Virus

In contrast to previous observations on phloem-limited geminiviruses supported in movement andaccumulation by RNA viruses such as cucumo- and tobamoviruses, tissue infiltration by Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) was enhanced by neither Tobacco mosaic virus nor Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) in two different hosts, Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato. Both tobamoviruses exerted a negative effect on the DNA virus, resulting in a decrease in AbMV accumulation and significantly reduced infectivity in N. benthamiana. Despite these unexpected molecular observations, a striking synergistic enhancement in pathogenicity occurred with respectto stunting and necrosis. In situ hybridization revealed that this was not due to any alteration of tissue infiltration by AbMV, which also remained limited to the phloem in the mixed infections. Transgenically expressed ToMV 30K movement protein was not able to induce phloemescape of AbMV in tomato plants and did not lead to any obvious change in begomovirus symptomatology.

scholarly journals Identification of a movement protein of Mirafiori lettuce big-vein ophiovirus

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Hiraguri ◽  
Shoko Ueki ◽  
Hideki Kondo ◽  
Koji Nomiyama ◽  
Takumi Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Microprojectile Bombardment ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Intercellular Movement ◽  
Heterologous Virus

Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MiLBVV) is a member of the genus Ophiovirus, which is a segmented negative-stranded RNA virus. In microprojectile bombardment experiments to identify a movement protein (MP) gene of ophioviruses that can trans-complement intercellular movement of an MP-deficient heterologous virus, a plasmid containing an infectious clone of a tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) derivative expressing the GFP was co-bombarded with plasmids containing one of three genes from MiLBVV RNAs 1, 2 and 4 onto Nicotiana benthamiana. Intercellular movement of the movement-defective ToMV was restored by co-expression of the 55 kDa protein gene, but not with the two other genes. Transient expression in epidermal cells of N. benthamiana and onion showed that the 55 kDa protein with GFP was localized on the plasmodesmata. The 55 kDa protein encoded in the MiLBVV RNA2 can function as an MP of the virus. This report is the first to describe an ophiovirus MP.

scholarly journals Tm-22 Resistance in Tomato Requires Recognition of the Carboxy Terminus of the Movement Protein of Tomato Mosaic Virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Weber ◽  
Artur J. P. Pfitzner
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Virus Transport ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Movement Proteins ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

The Tm-22 resistance gene is used in most commercial tomato cultivars for protection against infection with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). It has been suggested that Tm-22 resistance interferes with viral cell-to-cell movement in plants; ToMV strain ToMV-22 requires two amino acid (aa) exchanges in the carboxy-terminal region of the viral 30-kDa movement protein (at positions 238 and 244) to overcome Tm-22 resistance. For further analysis of this region of the 30-kDa protein, two stop codons were introduced into ToMV movement proteins at aa positions 235 and 237, leading to deletion of the terminal 30 aa. The mutant virus strains were able to infect wild-type tomato plants systemically, suggesting the carboxy-terminal portion of the ToMV 30-kDa protein is dispensable for virus transport in tomato. Even more important, the deletion mutants overcame the Tm-22 resistance gene. These data indicate the carboxy-terminal domain of the ToMV movement protein serves as a recognition target in the context of the Tm-22 resistance gene. Furthermore, expression of the 30-kDa movement protein from wild-type ToMV, but not from ToMV-22, in transgenic tomato plants with the Tm-22 resistance gene led to elicitation of a necrotic reaction in tomato seedlings, showing that the 30-kDa protein on its own is able to induce the plant's defense reaction.

scholarly journals The catalytic subunit of protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates in vitro the movement protein of Tomato mosaic virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Matsushita ◽  
Mayumi Ohshima ◽  
Kuniaki Yoshioka ◽  
Masamichi Nishiguchi ◽  
Hiroshi Nyunoya
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Kinase Ck2 ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Kinase Ck2

scholarly journals Differential Response of Mycorrhizal Plants to Tomato bushy stunt virus and Tomato mosaic virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2038
Author(s):  
Neda Khoshkhatti ◽  
Omid Eini ◽  
Davoud Koolivand ◽  
Antreas Pogiatzis ◽  
John N. Klironomos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus ◽  
Uninfected Control ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Virus Accumulation

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are important economic pathogens in tomato fields. Rhizoglomus irregulare is a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus that provides nutrients to host plants. To understand the effect of R. irregulare on the infection by TBSV/ToMV in tomato plants, in a completely randomized design, five treatments, including uninfected control plants without AM fungi (C), uninfected control plants with AM fungi (M) TBSV/ToMV-infected plants without AM fungi (V), TBSV/ToMV-infected plants before mycorrhiza (VM) inoculation, and inoculated plants with mycorrhiza before TBSV/ToMV infection (MV), were studied. Factors including viral RNA accumulation and expression of Pathogenesis Related proteins (PR) coding genes including PR1, PR2, and PR3 in the young leaves were measured. For TBSV, a lower level of virus accumulation and a higher expression of PR genes in MV plants were observed compared to V and VM plants. In contrast, for ToMV, a higher level of virus accumulation and a lower expression of PR genes in MV plants were observed as compared to V and VM plants. These results indicated that mycorrhizal symbiosis reduces or increases the viral accumulation possibly via the regulation of PR genes in tomato plants.

Post-translational modifications of Abutilon mosaic virus movement protein (BC1) in fission yeast

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Kleinow ◽  
Gerlinde Holeiter ◽  
Marc Nischang ◽  
Monika Stein ◽  
Miriam Karayavuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Virus Movement ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Abutilon Mosaic Virus

A coat-independent superinfection exclusion rapidly imposed in Nicotiana benthamiana cells by tobacco mosaic virus is not prevented by depletion of the movement protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Julve ◽  
Antoni Gandía ◽  
Asun Fernández-del-Carmen ◽  
Alejandro Sarrion-Perdigones ◽  
Bas Castelijns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Superinfection Exclusion

scholarly journals The Tomato brown rugose fruit virus movement protein overcomes Tm-22 resistance in tomato while attenuating viral transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagit Hak ◽  
Ziv Spiegelman
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Movement Protein ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
High Durability ◽  
C Terminus

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is a new virus of the Tobamovirus genus, causing substantial damage to tomato crops. Reports of recent ToBRFV outbreaks from around the world indicate an emerging global epidemic. ToBRFV overcomes all tobamovirus resistances in tomato, including the durable Tm-22 resistance gene, which had been effective against multiple tobamoviruses. Here, we show that the ToBRFV movement protein (MPToBRFV) enables the virus to evade Tm-22 resistance. Transient expression of MPToBRFV failed to activate the Tm-22 resistance response. Replacement of the original MP sequence of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) with MPToBRFV enabled this recombinant virus to infect Tm-22 resistant plants. Using hybrid protein analysis, we show that the elements required to evade Tm-22 are located between MPToBRFV amino acids 1 and 216, and not the C terminus as previously assumed. Analysis of ToBRFV systemic infection in tomato revealed that ToBRFV spreads slower compared to ToMV. Interestingly, replacement of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and ToMV MPs with MPToBRFV caused an attenuation of systemic infection of both viruses. Cell-to-cell movement analysis showed that MPToBRFV moves less effectively compared to the TMV MP (MPTMV). These findings suggest that overcoming Tm-22 is associated with attenuated MP function. This may explain the high durability of Tm-22 resistance, which had remained unbroken for over 60 years.

scholarly journals The size of encapsidated single-stranded DNA determines the multiplicity of African cassava mosaic virus particles

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Frischmuth ◽  
Margit Ringel ◽  
Cornelia Kocher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Southern Blotting ◽  
African Cassava Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Virus

Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants harbouring a defective interfering (DI) DNA of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and control plants were inoculated with ACMV. Virus particles were purified from infected plants, separated in sucrose gradients and fractions were analysed by Southern blotting. Transgenic plant-derived virus particles taken from the top fractions of sucrose gradients contained DI DNA, middle fractions contained a mixture of genomic and DI DNA and bottom fractions contained a mixture of multimeric, genomic and DI DNA. Virus particles from selected top, middle and bottom fractions were analysed by electron microscopy. In fractions containing only DI DNA, isometric particles of 18–20 nm were detected. In fractions containing DI DNA as well as genomic size DNA, isometric and geminate particles were found. Fractions containing multimeric size DNA were found to comprise particles consisting of three subunits adjacent to geminate particles. From these data, it is concluded that the size of encapsidated DNA determines the multiplicity of ACMV particles.

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