scholarly journals Unravelling the diversity Behind the Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis Complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. M. Araújo ◽  
Harry C. Evans ◽  
David M. Geiser ◽  
William P. Mackay ◽  
David P. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
And Function ◽  
Amazonian Region ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis

AbstractIn tropical forests, one of the most common relationships between parasites and insects is that between the fungus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and ants, especially within the tribe Camponotini. Here, we describe three new and host-specific species of the genus Ophiocordyceps on Camponotus ants from the central Amazonian region of Brazil, which can readily be separated using morphological traits, in particular, ascospore form and function. In addition, we use sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships between these taxa and closely related species within the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex, as well as with other members of the family Ophiocordycipitaceae.

scholarly journals Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Machado Araújo ◽  
Harry Charles Evans ◽  
David Michael Geiser ◽  
William P Mackay ◽  
David Peter Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Amazonian Region ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis

In tropical forests, one of the most commonly encountered relationships between parasites and insects is that between the fungus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and ants, especially within the tribe Camponotini. Here, we describe three newly discovered host-specific species, Ophiocordyceps camponoti-atricipis, O. camponoti-bispinosi and O. camponoti-indiani, on Camponotus ants from the central Amazonian region of Brazil, which can readily be separated using morphological traits, in particular the shape and behavior of the ascospores. DNA sequence data support inclusion of these species within the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Serpin Superfamily: Implications of Patterns of Amino Acid Conservation for Structure and Function

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1845-1864
Author(s):  
James A. Irving ◽  
Robert N. Pike ◽  
Arthur M. Lesk ◽  
James C. Whisstock
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Conserved Residues ◽  
Consensus Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Protein Sequence Data ◽  
And Function ◽  
Conserved Amino Acids ◽  
Genome Projects

We present a comprehensive alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the serpins, a superfamily of proteins with known members in higher animals, nematodes, insects, plants, and viruses. We analyze, compare, and classify 219 proteins representative of eight major and eight minor subfamilies, using a novel technique of consensus analysis. Patterns of sequence conservation characterize the family as a whole, with a clear relationship to the mechanism of function. Variations of these patterns within phylogenetically distinct groups can be correlated with the divergence of structure and function. The goals of this work are to provide a carefully curated alignment of serpin sequences, to describe patterns of conservation and divergence, and to derive a phylogenetic tree expressing the relationships among the members of this family. We extend earlier studies by Huber and Carrell as well as by Marshall, after whose publication the serpin family has grown functionally, taxonomically, and structurally. We used gene and protein sequence data, crystal structures, and chromosomal location where available. The results illuminate structure–function relationships in serpins, suggesting roles for conserved residues in the mechanism of conformational change. The phylogeny provides a rational evolutionary framework to classify serpins and enables identification of conserved amino acids. Patterns of conservation also provide an initial point of comparison for genes identified by the various genome projects. New homologs emerging from sequencing projects can either take their place within the current classification or, if necessary, extend it.

scholarly journals Two new entomopathogenic species of Ophiocordyceps in Thailand

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Pin Xiao ◽  
Sinang Hongsanan ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
Siraprapa Brooks ◽  
Ning Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Rpb1 Sequence

Ophiocordyceps is entomopathogenic and the largest studied genus in the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. Many species in this genus have been reported from Thailand. The first new species introduced in this paper, Ophiocordycepsglobiceps, differs from other species based on its smaller perithecia, shorter asci and secondary ascospores and additionally, in parasitising fly species. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS, TEF1α and RPB1 sequence data indicate that O.globiceps forms a distinct lineage within the genus Ophiocordyceps as a new species. The second new species, Ophiocordycepssporangifera, is distinguished from closely related species by infecting larvae of insects (Coleoptera, Elateridae) and by producing white to brown sporangia, longer secondary synnemata and shorter primary and secondary phialides. We introduce O.sporangifera based on its significant morphological differences from other similar species, even though phylogenetic distinction is not well-supported.

Anischia, Perothops and the phylogeny of Elateroidea (Coleoptera: Elateriformia)

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Ståhls ◽  
Jyrki Muona ◽  
Varpu Vahtera ◽  
Marianna Teräväinen ◽  
John Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Larval Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Three New Species

AbstractThe larvae of Anischia Fleutiaux and Perothops Laporte are described. Cladistic analyses based on adult and larval morphology, as well as CO1 sequence data, place both genera in the Eucnemidae clade within the Elateroidea (sensu stricto). The subfamily Anischiinae Fleutiaux, 1936 is placed in the family Eucnemidae in a clade containing the more derived eucnemid subfamilies (Melasinae, Eucneminae and Macraulacinae), while Perothops and Phyllocerus Lepeletier & Serville represent subfamilies basal to the remaining eucnemid taxa. The genus Afranischia Basilewsky, 1955 is synonymized with Anischia Fleutiaux, 1896, and Anischia boliviana Fleutiaux is selected as the type species of the latter. Three new species are described: Anischia bicolor (New Caledonia), Anischia kuscheli (New Caledonia) and Anischia monteithi (NE Australia), and Anischia stupenda Fleutiaux, 1897 is recorded from Australia. Anischia crassicornis Champion, 1897 is synonymized with Anischia mexicana Fleutiaux, 1896. One new combination is made, Anischia ruandana (Basilewsky, 1955).

scholarly journals Taxonomic study on the photid amphipods (Senticaudata, Corophiida, Photoidea, Photidae) from Korean waters, with descriptions of a new genus and seven new species

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 1-59
Author(s):  
Tae Won Jung ◽  
Charles Oliver Coleman ◽  
Seong Myeong Yoon
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Japan And China

In this paper, seven new species of the family Photidae from Korean waters are described and illustrated in detail. Among them, Exiliphotis petilasp. nov. is a monotype of the newly reported Exiliphotisgen. nov., which is characterized by slenderer and more elongate pereopods 5–7 than those of other genera of the family Photidae. The genus Latigammaropsis is reported for the first time from Korean waters based on the description of Latigammaropsis careocavatasp. nov., which is differentiated from other Gammaropsis group by having weakly sexual dimorphic gnathopods 2, those have simple palmar margins in both sexes. Three new species of Photis are also described: Photis broncasp. nov., Photis posterolobussp. nov., and Photis longicarpussp. nov. The formerly misidentified Photis longicaudata from Japan and China as well as the Korean material could be classified as a new species, P. broncasp. nov. For that, the syntypes of P. longicaudata were re-examined, and lectotype and paralectotypes were newly designated in this study. Photis broncasp. nov. is characterized by quadrate tooth on the palmar margin medially on gnathopod 2 in both sexes. Photis posterolobussp. nov. shows a pointed posterior lobe on the ischium and a well-developed process of the propodus on male gnathopod 2. Photis longicarpussp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the genus by very elongate carpus of male gnathopod 1. Two new species belonging to the genus Podoceropsis are also reported: Podoceropsis insinuomanussp. nov. has a strongly bisinuous palmar margin on male gnathopod 2, and Podoceropsis pseudoclavapessp. nov. differs from the closely related species of Podoceropsis clavapes by different shape of the palmar margin and shorter dactylus of male gnathopod 2. Additionally, a key to the Korean species of Photidae is provided.

A new genus and five new species of Eriophyoidea (Prostigmata) associated with palm trees from Brazilian Amazon

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1078 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENISE NAVIA ◽  
CARLOS H.W. FLECHTMANN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Three New Species

A new genus and five new species of eriophyoid mites associated with native palm trees (Arecaceae) are described from Brazilian Amazon. The new genus and two new species are in the family Eriophyidae: Euterpia fissa n. gen. & n. sp. from Euterpe precatoria and Notostrix spinula n. sp. from Mauritia flexuosa. Three new species belong to the family Phytoptidae: Palmiphytoptus barbosae n. sp. from Astrocaryum acaule; Propilus alternatus n. sp. from Mauritia flexuosa and Propilus tavaresi n. sp. from Elaeis oleifera.

scholarly journals Genetic selection of athletic success in sport-hunting dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (30) ◽  
pp. E7212-E7221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaemin Kim ◽  
Falina J. Williams ◽  
Dayna L. Dreger ◽  
Jocelyn Plassais ◽  
Brian W. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Racing Performance ◽  
Athletic Success ◽  
Behavioral Attributes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sport Hunting

Modern dogs are distinguished among domesticated species by the vast breadth of phenotypic variation produced by strong and consistent human-driven selective pressure. The resulting breeds reflect the development of closed populations with well-defined physical and behavioral attributes. The sport-hunting dog group has long been employed in assistance to hunters, reflecting strong behavioral pressures to locate and pursue quarry over great distances and variable terrain. Comparison of whole-genome sequence data between sport-hunting and terrier breeds, groups at the ends of a continuum in both form and function, reveals that genes underlying cardiovascular, muscular, and neuronal functions are under strong selection in sport-hunting breeds, including ADRB1, TRPM3, RYR3, UTRN, ASIC3, and ROBO1. We also identified an allele of TRPM3 that was significantly associated with increased racing speed in Whippets, accounting for 11.6% of the total variance in racing performance. Finally, we observed a significant association of ROBO1 with breed-specific accomplishments in competitive obstacle course events. These results provide strong evidence that sport-hunting breeds have been adapted to their occupations by improved endurance, cardiac function, blood flow, and cognitive performance, demonstrating how strong behavioral selection alters physiology to create breeds with distinct capabilities.

Analysing metaphor in the family register through scripted sitcom conversations

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-269
Author(s):  
Hanna Skorczynska ◽  
Rosa Giménez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Metaphor Use ◽  
And Function

Abstract This study looks into the patterns of metaphor use in the family register of scripted sitcom conversations. Previous studies of metaphor in conversation adopted different approaches to the concept of register, resulting in a rich but complex picture (Cameron, 2003, 2007, 2008; Deignan, Littlemore & Semino, 2013; Kaal, 2012). This research attempts to reduce such complexity by using an approach to register based on closely defining communicative settings and the participants’ roles (Giménez-Moreno, 2006). In this way, we were able to focus on the register used by family members and close friends and the contexts of private oral communication, as opposed to other possible registers characteristic of professional conversations or those between friends. The study provides data on the frequency, typology, grammatical form and function of the metaphors used in the fictional dialogues between family members and close friends from two British sitcoms, “Gavin & Stacey” and “The Royle Family”. The findings, in general, confirm the patterns of metaphor use in naturally-occurring (UK) conversation, but show lower frequency ranges than other more purpose-oriented contexts. The main contribution of this study is the evaluation of metaphor as an ‘appraisal resource’ (Martin & White, 2005) and its frequent use in assessing the participants’ attitudes. The study suggests that defining register in terms of communicative setting and participants’ roles can help to provide comparable data on metaphor variation.

Description of a new Neotropical spider genus in the family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 (Araneae: Lycosoidea) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4890 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-396
Author(s):  
MARIA PAULA PEREIRA ◽  
FACUNDO LABARQUE ◽  
DANIELE POLOTOW
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Three New Species

A new Neotropical genus of Ctenidae from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest is described based on male and female characters: Bulboctenus gen. nov. Three new species are described for the genus: Bulboctenus kayapo sp. nov., Bulboctenus itunaitata sp. nov. and Bulboctenus munduruku sp. nov. The genus can be distinguished from other Ctenidae by males with median apophysis oriented horizontally, perpendicular to the tegulum, RTA strongly excavated anteriorly, metatarsi III and IV with bulbous setae ventrally, sternum and coxae with thick setae; and females with median sector of the epigyne hexagonal with two posterior conical projections ventrally and elevated lateral margins. Discussion on the modification on the leg setae across the Neotropical Ctenids species are given. 

Description of three new species of biting midge of the genus Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Brazilian Amazon

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4952 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
EMANUELLE DE SOUSA FARIAS ◽  
SANMYA SILVA DOS SANTOS ◽  
JOKEBEDE MELYNDA DOS SANTOS PAULINO-ROSA ◽  
FELIPE ARLEY COSTA PESSOA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Distal Margin ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Outer Portion ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Amazonas State

Three new species of Atrichopogon with spotted wings of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) from the Amazonas State of Brazil are described and illustrated. Male and female specimens of Atrichopogon janseni sp. nov., A. riopardensis sp. nov., and A. sergioluzi sp. nov. were associated by wing pigmentation patterns: with two darker spots, one over r-m and the other one in cell r3, posterior to the apex of R3. Male A. janseni sp. nov. have tergite 9 that is 2.5 × as broad as long, not extending to the apex of gonocoxite, and sternite 9 stout, sub-trapezoidal, with distal margin with a row of stout spines; gonostylus of A. janseni sp. nov. is spatulate, with distinct middle notch. Atrichopogon riopardensis sp. nov. is separated from other species with similar wing patterns and forked gonostylus, with gonostylus forked near midlength, with longitudinal furrow, inner portion short and fingernail-like, outer portion elongate and apically curved directed mesally; outer portion is 4 × longer than inner, with one long seta in basal 1/3. Contrastingly, A. sergioluzi sp. nov. has a small fork at the apex of gonostylus, and cercus broad basally with rounded tip. Females of the three new species are very similar (as are other females in this group), and it is probably not possible to distinguish them using the morphological features described. With the addition of the three new species described here, there are now known 15 Neotropical species of Atrichopogon with pigmented wings. 

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