scholarly journals Conservation and structural analysis of the Xenopus laevis phospho-proteome

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R Johnson ◽  
Silvia D Santos ◽  
Tasha Johnson ◽  
Ursula Pieper ◽  
Andrej Sali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Protein Conformation ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Molecular Function ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Regulate Protein ◽  
Clawed Frog

The African clawed frog Xenopus laevis is an important model organism for studies in developmental and cell biology, including cell-signaling. However, our knowledge of X. laevis protein post-translational modifications remains scarce. Here, we used a mass spectrometry-based approach to survey the phosphoproteome of this species, compiling a list of 3225 phosphosites. We used this resource to study the conservation between the phosphoproteomes of X. laevis and 13 other species. We found that the degree of conservation of phosphorylation across species is predictive of sites with known molecular function, kinase interactions and functionally relevant phospho-regulatory interactions. In addition, using comparative protein structure models, we find that phosphosites within structured domains tend to be located at positions with high conformational flexibility. A fraction of sites appear to occur in inaccessible positions and have the potential to regulate protein conformation.

scholarly journals Xenopus tropicalis egg extracts provide insight into scaling of the mitotic spindle

2007 ◽  
Vol 176 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Brown ◽  
Michael D. Blower ◽  
Thomas J. Maresca ◽  
Timothy C. Grammer ◽  
Richard M. Harland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Xenopus Tropicalis ◽  
Developmental Genetics ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Egg Extracts ◽  
Sperm Nuclei ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Clawed Frog ◽  
Insight Into

The African clawed frog Xenopus laevis has been instrumental to investigations of both development and cell biology, but the utility of this model organism for genetic and proteomic studies is limited by its long generation time and unsequenced pseudotetraploid genome. Xenopus tropicalis, which is a small, faster-breeding relative of X. laevis, has recently been adopted for research in developmental genetics and functional genomics, and has been chosen for genome sequencing. We show that X. tropicalis egg extracts reconstitute the fundamental cell cycle events of nuclear formation and bipolar spindle assembly around exogenously added sperm nuclei. Interestingly, X. tropicalis spindles were ∼30% shorter than X. laevis spindles, and mixing experiments revealed a dynamic, dose-dependent regulation of spindle size by cytoplasmic factors. Measurements of microtubule dynamics revealed that microtubules polymerized slower in X. tropicalis extracts compared to X. laevis, but that this difference is unlikely to account for differences in spindle size. Thus, in addition to expanding the range of developmental and cell biological experiments, the use of X. tropicalis provides novel insight into the complex mechanisms that govern spindle morphogenesis.

Pan-African phylogeography of a model organism, the African clawed frog ‘Xenopus laevis’

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. S. Furman ◽  
Adam J. Bewick ◽  
Tia L. Harrison ◽  
Eli Greenbaum ◽  
Václav Gvoždík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Clawed Frog

The African clawed frog Xenopus laevis : A model organism to study regeneration of the central nervous system

2017 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 82-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasfne Lee-Liu ◽  
Emilio E. Méndez-Olivos ◽  
Rosana Muñoz ◽  
Juan Larraín
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clawed Frog

scholarly journals Speculations on colonizing success of the African clawed frog,Xenopus laevis(Pipidae), in California

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. McCoid ◽  
T.H. Fritts
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Clawed Frog

scholarly journals Developmental changes of purinergic control of intestinal motor activity during metamorphosis in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. R1916-R1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Clawed Frog

Little is known about the purinergic regulation of intestinal motor activity in amphibians. Purinergic control of intestinal motility is subject to changes during development in mammals. The aim of this study was to investigate purinergic control of intestinal smooth muscle in the amphibian Xenopus laevis and explore possible changes in this system during the developmental phase of metamorphosis. Effects of purinergic compounds on mean force and contraction frequency in intestinal circular muscle strips from prometamorphic, metamorphic, and juvenile animals were investigated. Before metamorphosis, low concentrations of ATP reduced motor activity, whereas the effects were reversed at higher concentrations. ATP-induced relaxation was not inhibited by the P2-receptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid (PPADS) but was blocked by the ecto-nucleotidase inhibitor 6- N, N-diethyl-d-β,γ-dibromomethylene ATP ( ARL67256 ), indicating that an ATP-derived metabolite mediated the relaxation response at this stage. Adenosine induced relaxation before, during, and after metamorphosis, which was blocked by the A1-receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX). The stable ATP-analog adenosine 5′-[γ-thio]-triphosphate (ATPγS) and 2-methylthioATP (2-MeSATP) elicited contractions in the circular muscle strips in prometamorphic tadpoles. However, in juvenile froglets, 2-MeSATP caused relaxation, as did ATPγS at low concentrations. The P2Y11/P2X1-receptor antagonist NF157 antagonized the ATPγS-induced relaxation. The P2X-preferring agonist α-β-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate (α-β-MeATP) evoked PPADS-sensitive increases in mean force at all stages investigated. This study demonstrates the existence of an adenosine A1-like receptor mediating relaxation and a P2X-like receptor mediating contraction in the X. laevis gut before, during, and after metamorphosis. Furthermore, the development of a P2Y11-like receptor-mediated relaxation during metamorphosis is shown.

Molecular Characterization of a Putative Sodium/Iodide Symporter in the South African Clawed Frog,Xenopus laevis

2003 ◽  
Vol 986 (1) ◽  
pp. 711-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. CARR ◽  
F. LAHARRAGUE ◽  
B. KAHN ◽  
T. A. PRESSLEY ◽  
J. A. CARR
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
South African ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Sodium Iodide ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
The South ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Clawed Frog

scholarly journals Toxic effects of carbendazim andn-butyl isocyanate, metabolites of the fungicide benomyl, on early development in the African clawed frog,Xenopus laevis

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Sik Yoon ◽  
Jung-Hyo Jin ◽  
Joo-Hung Park ◽  
Chang-Yeol Yeo ◽  
Song-Ja Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Clawed Frog

scholarly journals First parasitological study of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis, Amphibia) in Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Castillo ◽  
Gabriel Lobos ◽  
Daniel González-Acuña ◽  
Lucila Moreno ◽  
Cynthya Elizabeth González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
African Clawed Frog ◽  
Parasite Richness ◽  
Native Birds ◽  
Clawed Frog ◽  
Parasitological Study

Abstract Introduced species can arrive into new territories with parasites; however, these species are expected to face lower parasite richness than in their original regions. Both introduced hosts and parasites can affect native fauna. Since their release into the wild in Chile following laboratory use, Xenopus laevis Daudin, 1802 has widely spread throughout central Chile. The only pathogen described on the host is the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Longcore, Pessier, Nichols, 1999; thus, this is the first parasitological study of this species in Chile. In 10 localities in central Chile, 179 specimens of X. laevis were captured and examined for parasites in the gastrointestinal tube, cavities, lungs, liver, and skin. Only nine specimens of the genus Contracaecum Railliet, Henry, 1912 were found in six specimens of X. laevis from a private dam in La Patagua. It is likely that these parasites originated from species of native birds. This is the first record of Contracaecum sp. in Chilean amphibians.

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