scholarly journals Exfoliating Bark Does Not Protect Platanus occidentalis L. From Root-Climbing Lianas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Milks ◽  
J. Hibbard ◽  
Thomas P. Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Silver Maple

AbstractLianas are structural parasites that depress growth, fertility and survival rates of their hosts, but the magnitude to which they alter these rates differ among host species. We tested the hypothesis that sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) would have fewer adventitious root-climbing lianas. We reasoned that because P. occidentalis possesses exfoliating bark, it would periodically shed newly-established lianas from the trunk. We investigated the distribution of lianas on the trunks of trees ≥10 cm DBH in floodplains in southwestern Ohio. Contrary to predictions, P. occidentalis trees had significantly more root-climbing lianas than expected at three of five sites, and significantly fewer than expected at one site. In contrast, members of the Acer genus (boxelder (A. negundo L.), sugar maple (A. saccharum L.) and silver maple (A. saccharinum L.) had less than half of the root-climbing lianas as expected. We find no support for our hypothesis that bark exfoliation protects P. occidentalis trees from root-climbing lianas in our study, and suggest possible mechanisms that might protect Acer species from adventitious root-climbing lianas.

scholarly journals Water Requirements of Five Container-Grown Acer Species

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
Virginia M. Schnipke
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Slow Growing

Relative water demand, RWD, of 2-year-old containerized seedlings of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sugar maple (A. saccharum Marsh.), silver maple (A. saccharinum L.), Norway Maple (A. platanoides L.) and boxelder (A. negundo L.) was determined by comparing potential evapotranspiration rates and actual water consumption values with growth rates for each species. Based on differences in growth rate, each species was determined to be either fast growing (red maple, silver maple, boxelder) or slow growing (sugar maple, Norway maple). Fast growing species used the most water over the 3-month experimental period (June-August), and had the higher RWD. The actual irrigation demand for each species was closely correlated with monthly potential evapotranspiration rates as determined by the Thornthwaite equation.

FA composition and regiospecific analysis of Acer saccharum (sugar maple tree) and Acer saccharinum (silver maple tree) seed oils

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Destaillats ◽  
Jean B. Jean-Denis ◽  
Joseph Arul ◽  
Robert L. Wolff ◽  
Paul Angers
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Acer Saccharinum ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Regiospecific Analysis ◽  
Tree Seed

Factors controlling denitrification rates in upland and swamp forests

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1597-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy G. Merrill ◽  
Donald R. Zak
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Potential Nitrification ◽  
Intact Soil Cores ◽  
Intact Soil

Spatial patterns of denitrification and temporal variation in the factors controlling this process were studied in three forested ecosystems in northern Lower Michigan. Two forest stands were randomly located within each of two well-drained upland forests (sugar maple–red oak/Maianthemum and sugar maple–basswood/Osmorhiza ecosystems) and one swamp ecosystem (silver maple–red maple/Osmunda ecosystem). Potential N mineralization, nitrification, and microbial respiration were measured in each forest stand using a 33-week laboratory incubation. Factors controlling denitrification were investigated in each ecosystem by treating soil samples with factorial combinations of NO3−, C, and Ar (anaerobic conditions). We also investigated the separate production of N2 and N2O during denitrification, and the factors controlling these fluxes, in a different experiment. Seasonal patterns of denitrification were quantified using an intact soil core method. Potential nitrification and microbial respiration were consistently highest in the swamp forest and lowest in the sugar maple–red oak/Maianthemum ecosystem (582 vs. 3 μg NO3−-N•g−1 and 5275 vs. 1254 μg CO2-C•g−1, respectively). Nitrate availability was the most important factor controlling denitrification in the swamp ecosystem, whereas increased soil water content resulted in the greatest response in the upland forests. Although NO3− significantly increased denitrification in the upland ecosystems, water additions elicited an even greater response. In addition, N2O production in the upland forests accounted for 70 to 90% of the total gaseous N loss; N2O accounted for only 25% of this loss in the swamp forest. Mean denitrification (intact soil cores) in the sugar maple–red oak/Maianthemum ecosystem (12 μg N2O-N•m−2•d−1) was significantly lower than rates measured in the sugar maple–bass-wood/Osmorhiza and silver maple–red maple/Osmunda ecosystems (24 and 39 μg N2O-N•m−2•d−1, respectively). Denitrification reached a maximum during June and July in the sugar maple–basswood/Osmorhiza ecosystem, whereas peaks occurred in May and September in the silver maple–red maple/Osmunda ecosystem. Denitrification in the sugar maple–red oak/Maianthemum forest was variable throughout the year and consistently low. Although variability was high, results suggest that denitrification and the factors controlling this process can be predicted using the spatial distribution of ecosystems.

Interactions of Helicoverpa punctigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae and Adults With Four Native Host Plants Relative to Field Use Patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan C Jones ◽  
Michelle A Rafter ◽  
Gimme H Walter
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Native Host ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Generalist insect herbivores may be recorded from a great variety of host plants. Under natural conditions, however, they are almost invariably associated with a few primary host species on which most of the juveniles develop. We experimentally investigated the interaction of the generalist moth Helicoverpa punctigera Wallengren (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with four of its native host plants, two designated primary hosts and two secondary hosts (based on field observations). We tested whether primary host plants support higher survival rates of larvae and whether they are more attractive to ovipositing moths and feeding larvae. We also evaluated whether relative attractiveness of host plants for oviposition matches larval survival rates on them—the preference-performance hypothesis. Moths laid significantly more eggs on two of the four host plant species, one of them a primary host, the other a secondary host. Larvae developed best when reared on the attractive secondary host, developed at intermediate levels on the two primary hosts, and performed worst on the less attractive secondary host. Relative attractiveness of the four host plants to caterpillars differed from that of the moths. Neither adult nor larval attraction to host plants fully supported the preference-performance hypothesis, but oviposition was better correlated with larval survival rates than was larval attraction. Our results suggest the relative frequency at which particular host species are used in the field may depend on factors not yet considered including the long-distance attractants used by moths and the relative distribution of host species.

scholarly journals Experimental Tree Planting on U.K. Containment Landfill Sites: Results of 10 Years’ Monitoring

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Andy Moffat ◽  
Kirsten Foot ◽  
Fiona Kennedy ◽  
Martin Dobson ◽  
Geoff Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Landfill Sites ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Set Up

A series of experiments was set up in England in the early 1990s on five containment landfill sites engineered to modern standards to test the relative performance of 14 native and nonnative woodland tree species. This article describes the results of monitoring their survival, growth, and nutrition over a 10-year period. The experiments demonstrated that several species, notably ash, whitebeam, white poplar, and wild cherry, can usually be established on landfill sites with survival rates comparable to other brownfield sites. Despite general site infertility, growth of many tree species (for example, ash, beech, English oak, sycamore, Italian alder, silver maple, white poplar, and whitebeam) was similar to that expected on greenfield sites in the locality of the landfill sites. As well as infertility, soil droughtiness and mammal browsing were identified as limiting tree performance of particular species on some sites. After 10 years, there was no evidence of interaction with landfill containment systems or landfill gas.

scholarly journals Chilling and Bud Break in Silver Maple2

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
W. Clark Ashby ◽  
Damian F. Bresnan ◽  
Carl A. Huettemen ◽  
John E. Preece ◽  
Paul L. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Chilling Requirement ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Terminal Buds

Abstract Silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) goes dormant in the autumn and is greatly delayed in bud break unless the buds are exposed to prolonged low temperature. Approximately 1000 hours below 4°C (39°F) under natural conditions (early March in southern Illinois) will bring about bud break 2 to 3 weeks after juvenile plants are put under favorable growing conditions. Chilling in a dark cold room at 4°C (39°F) separated from natural changes required a greater number of hours, approximately 2000, for a similar response. Bud break for subterminal buds was earlier than for terminal buds on insufficiently chilled stem segments or larger plantlets. Terminal buds broke first with longer chilling periods. Rooted cuttings from adult trees had a greater chilling requirement than juvenile plant material, either micropropagated plantlets or segments from shoots. No geographic or provenance variation in response to chilling was observed within 11 provenances ranging from Mississippi to central Ontario to New Hampshire to West Virginia. Silver maple was similar to sugar maple and basswood in its chilling requirement. It was unlike red maple which has a chilling requirement in some but not all parts of its range.

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

Pancreatic Cancer Vaccine Improves Survival Rates

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
FRAN LOWRY
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Survival Rates

Axillary bud growth in relation to adventitious root formation in cuttings

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Jurgen Hansen ◽  
Kristian Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth
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