Gas monitoring station in hazardous environment with gases containing

Landfill sites collect tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) using an open dump mechanism, causing gases to emerge, which may cause disease and the greenhouse effect. Mainly, landfill environments are observed using a portable system that does not continuously monitor and measure emitted gas levels. It is also difficult to evaluate changes in landfill emissions over the long term unless they are monitored at regular intervals according to a detailed plan. This paper presents a new monitoring method to measure gas levels in landfill sites, which documents dynamic changes in gas composition concentrations over the long term. The system was placed in the middle area of the landfill and was charged using solar panels for convenience and greater efficiency during monitoring. While the instruments that are currently available are used for a specific parameter, this system can measure eight parameters, i.e., ambient concentration of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and voltage level. The system was evaluated regarding its ability to monitor gas parameters continuously.

Coastal Landfills and Rising Sea Levels: A Challenge for the 21st Century

Populated coastal areas worldwide have a legacy of numerous solid waste disposal sites. At the same time, mean sea level is rising and likely to accelerate, increasing flooding and/or erosion. There is therefore concern that landfill sites located at and near the coast pose a growing risk to the environment from the potential release of liquid and solid waste materials. This paper aims to assess our present understanding of this issue as well as research and practice needs by synthesizing the available evidence across a set of developed country cases, comprising England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States (Florida). Common insights gained here include: (1) a lack of data and limited appreciation of waste release from coastal landfill as a potential problem; (2) recognition of the scale and diversity of coastal landfill waste within a range of generic settings (or situations); and (3) a lack of robust protocols that allow the impact of different categories of waste release to the coast to be assessed in a consistent and evidence-based manner, most particularly for solid waste. Hence, a need for greater understanding of the following issues is identified: (1) the amount, character and impact of waste that could be released from landfill sites; (2) the acceptability and regulation of waste eroding from coastal landfills; (3) present and future erosion rates at landfill sites suggesting the need for more monitoring and relevant predictive tools; (4) the full range of possible management methods for dealing with waste release from landfills and the science to support them; and (5) relevant long-term funding mechanisms to address this issue. The main focus and experience of current management practice has been protection/retention, or removal of landfills, with limited consideration of other feasible solutions and how they might be facilitated. Approaches to assess and address solid waste release to the marine/coastal environment represent a particular gap. Lastly, as solid waste will persist indefinitely and sea levels will rise for many centuries, the long timescale of this issue needs wider appreciation and should be included in coastal and waste policy.

Modelling of the Pyrolysis Zone of a Downdraft Gasification Reactor

The increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a growing challenge that current waste-treatment practices are having to face. Therefore, technologies that can prevent waste from ending up in landfill sites have come to the fore. One of the technologies that produces a valuable product from waste, namely synthesis gas, is gasification. The raw material of this technology is the so-called Refuse-Derived Fuel, which is made from MSW. Three separate zones are located in downdraft gasification reactors: the pyrolysis, oxidation and reduction zones. This work is concerned with the determination of kinetic parameters in the pyrolysis zone. It also discusses the estimation of the product composition of this zone, which defines the raw material of the following zone.

Contamination of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury and Manganese in Leachate from Open Dump, Controlled Dump and Sanitary Landfill Sites in Rural Thailand: A Case Study in Sakon Nakhon Province

The contamination of heavy metal in leachate was investigated at various sites with different solid waste management, namely an open dump, controlled dump, and sanitary landfill. The results indicated that all four heavy metals investigated (cadmium, lead, mercury, and manganese) were present in the leachate at all solid waste management sites. The highest cadmium and lead concentrations were each observed in open dump leachate samples, while the highest manganese and mercury concentrations were each observed in controlled dump leachate samples.