scholarly journals Fundamental constraints in synchronous muscle limit superfast motor control in vertebrates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
AF Mead ◽  
N. Osinalde ◽  
N. Ørtenblad ◽  
J. Nielsen ◽  
J. Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Calcium Signal ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Crossbridge Kinetics ◽  
Millisecond Time Scale ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Genes

Superfast muscles (SFM) are extremely fast synchronous muscles capable of contraction rates up to 250 Hz, enabling precise motor execution at the millisecond time scale. To allow such speed, the archetypal SFM, found in the toadfish swimbladder, has hallmark structural and kinetic adaptations at each step of the conserved excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) pathway. More recently SFM phenotypes have been discovered in most major vertebrate lineages, but it remains unknown whether all SFM share ECC adaptations for speed, and if SFM arose once, or from independent evolutionary events. Here we use genomic analysis to identify the myosin heavy chain genes expressed in bat and songbird SFM to achieve rapid actomyosin crossbridge kinetics and demonstrate that these are evolutionarily and ontologically distinct. Furthermore, by quantifying cellular morphometry and calcium signal transduction combined with force measurements we show that all known SFM share multiple functional adaptations that minimize ECC transduction times. Our results suggest that SFM evolved independently in sound producing organs in ray-finned fish, birds, and mammals, and that SFM phenotypes operate at a maximum operational speed set by fundamental constraints in synchronous muscle. Consequentially, these constraints set a fundamental limit to the maximum speed of fine motor control.

scholarly journals Fundamental constraints in synchronous muscle limit superfast motor control in vertebrates

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew F Mead ◽  
Nerea Osinalde ◽  
Niels Ørtenblad ◽  
Joachim Nielsen ◽  
Jonathan Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Fundamental Limit ◽  
Crossbridge Kinetics ◽  
Millisecond Time Scale ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Genes

Superfast muscles (SFMs) are extremely fast synchronous muscles capable of contraction rates up to 250 Hz, enabling precise motor execution at the millisecond time scale. SFM phenotypes have been discovered in most major vertebrate lineages, but it remains unknown whether all SFMs share excitation-contraction coupling pathway adaptations for speed, and if SFMs arose once, or from independent evolutionary events. Here, we demonstrate that to achieve rapid actomyosin crossbridge kinetics bat and songbird SFM express myosin heavy chain genes that are evolutionarily and ontologically distinct. Furthermore, we show that all known SFMs share multiple functional adaptations that minimize excitation-contraction coupling transduction times. Our results suggest that SFM evolved independently in sound-producing organs in ray-finned fish, birds, and mammals, and that SFM phenotypes operate at a maximum operational speed set by fundamental constraints in synchronous muscle. Consequentially, these constraints set a fundamental limit to the maximum speed of fine motor control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Child–Computer Interaction Using Fitts’ Law: A Comparison between a Standard Computer Mouse and a Head Mouse

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3826
Author(s):  
Cristina Sanchez ◽  
Vanina Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Garcia-Carmona ◽  
Eloy Urendes ◽  
Javier Tejedor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Computer Mouse ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Computer Interaction

This study evaluates and compares the suitability for child–computer interaction (CCI, the branch within human–computer interaction focused on interactive computer systems for children) of two devices: a standard computer mouse and the ENLAZA interface, a head mouse that measures the user’s head posture using an inertial sensor. A multidirectional pointing task was used to assess the motor performance and the users’ ability to learn such a task. The evaluation was based on the interpretation of the metrics derived from Fitts’ law. Ten children aged between 6 and 8 participated in this study. Participants performed a series of pre- and post-training tests for both input devices. After the experiments, data were analyzed and statistically compared. The results show that Fitts’ law can be used to detect changes in the learning process and assess the level of psychomotor development (by comparing the performance of adults and children). In addition, meaningful differences between the fine motor control (hand) and the gross motor control (head) were found by comparing the results of the interaction using the two devices. These findings suggest that Fitts’ law metrics offer a reliable and objective way of measuring the progress of physical training or therapy.

scholarly journals Circle drawing and tracing dataset for evaluation of fine motor control

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 106763
Author(s):  
Eros Quarta ◽  
Riccardo Bravi ◽  
Diego Minciacchi ◽  
Erez James Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Circle Drawing

Hand fine motor control in classic galactosemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica MacWilliams ◽  
Sneh Patel ◽  
Grace Carlock ◽  
Sarah Vest ◽  
Nancy L. Potter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Classic Galactosemia

Developmental Trends in Letter-Printing Skill

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Stennett ◽  
P. C. Smythe ◽  
Madeline Hardy ◽  
H. R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Developmental Trends ◽  
Factor Pattern ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Grade 3

Tests of kindergarten to Grade 3 students' ability to copy upper- and lower-case primary print letters showed that lower-case letters are more difficult to print. Within upper- and lower-case formats, the letters vary considerably in difficulty as a function of their composition and/or the degree of fine motor control required. Factor analyses, based upon separate intercorrelations for upper- and lower-case letters, produced 7 factors for each type of letter. Although some of the factors tended to contain letters with similar characteristics, no obvious rationale explaining the factor pattern could be developed.

The relationship between executive function and fine motor control in young and older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Corti ◽  
Andrew R. Johnson ◽  
Hayley Riddle ◽  
Natalie Gasson ◽  
Robert Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals A Gamified Approach for Hand Rehabilitation Device

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Carneiro ◽  
Rafael Tavares ◽  
José Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo Abreu ◽  
Maria Teresa Restivo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Hand Rehabilitation ◽  
Made In

<p class="0abstract">This work details developments made in a system for hand rehabilitation, that aims to improve recovery of fine motor control, mostly for those recovering from stroke. The system consists of an instrumented device that is used to interact with a variety of games designed to improve fine motor control, enhancing rehabilitation practices. These games were tested with actual disabled individuals and therapists, having received overall positive feedback.</p>

scholarly journals Visual function and fine-motor control in small-for-gestational age infants

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa G.R.G. Gagliardo ◽  
Vanda M.G. Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Cecilia M.P. Lima ◽  
Maria de Fatima de C. Francozo ◽  
Abimael Aranha Netto
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Genetic Syndromes ◽  
Fine Motor Control ◽  
Term Infants

OBJECTIVE: To compare visual function and fine-motor control of full-term infants small-for-gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA), in the first three months. METHOD: We evaluated prospectively 31 infants in the 1st month; 33 in the 2nd and 34 infants in the 3rd month, categorized as full-term; birth weight less than 10th percentile for SGA and 25th to 90th percentile for the AGA group. Genetic syndromes, infections, multiple congenital malformations were excluded. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, especially items related to visual function and to fine-motor control outcomes. RESULTS: The Motor Index Score (IS) was significantly lower in the SGA group in the 2nd month. The items "attempts to bring hands to mouth", in the 1st month and "reaches for suspended ring", in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group. CONCLUSION: The Motor IS was lower in the 2nd month and items of fine-motor control in the 1st month and in the 3rd month showed higher frequency in the SGA group.

scholarly journals An Atoh1 CRE Knock-In Mouse Labels Motor Neurons Involved in Fine Motor Control

eNeuro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. ENEURO.0221-20.2021
Author(s):  
Osita W. Ogujiofor ◽  
Iliodora V. Pop ◽  
Felipe Espinosa ◽  
Razaq O. Durodoye ◽  
Michael L. Viacheslavov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Control
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