scholarly journals Use of viral load to improve survey estimates of known HIV-positive status and antiretroviral treatment coverage in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Young ◽  
Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez ◽  
Joyce Wamicwe ◽  
Irene Mukui ◽  
Andrea A. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
Survey Estimates

AbstractObjectiveTo compare alternative methods of adjusting self-reported knowledge of HIV-positive status and antiretroviral (ARV) therapy use based on undetectable viral load (UVL) and ARV detection in blood.DesignPost hoc analysis of nationally-representative household survey to compare alternative biomarker-based adjustments to population HIV indicators.MethodsWe reclassified HIV-positive participants aged 15–64 years in the 2012 Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) that were unaware of their HIV-positive status by self-report as aware and on antiretroviral treatment if either ARVs were detected or viral load was undetectable (<550 copies/mL) on dried blood spots. We compared self-report to adjustments for ARVs measurement, UVL, or both.ResultsTreatment coverage among all HIV-positive respondents increased from 31.8% for self-report to 42.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 37.4–47.8] based on ARV detection alone, to 42.8% (95% CI 37.9–47.8) when ARV-adjusted, 46.2% (95% CI 41.3–51.1) when UVL-adjusted and 48.8% (95% CI 43.9–53.8) when adjusted for either ARV or UVL. Awareness of positive status increased from 46.9% for self-report to 56.2% (95% CI 50.7– 61.6) when ARV-adjusted, 57.5% (95% CI 51.9–63.0) when UVL-adjusted, and 59.8% (95% CI 54.2–65.1) when adjusted for either ARV or UVL.ConclusionsUndetectable viral load, which is routinely measured in surveys, may be a useful adjunct or alternative to ARV detection for adjusting survey estimates of knowledge of HIV status and antiretroviral treatment coverage.

scholarly journals Use of viral load to improve survey estimates of known HIV-positive status and antiretroviral treatment coverage

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-636
Author(s):  
Peter W. Young ◽  
Emily Zielinski-Gutierrez ◽  
Joyce Wamicwe ◽  
Irene Mukui ◽  
Andrea A. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Treatment Coverage ◽  
Survey Estimates

scholarly journals Estimating antiretroviral treatment coverage rates and viral suppression rates for homosexual men in Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. De La Mata ◽  
Limin Mao ◽  
John De Wit ◽  
Don Smith ◽  
Martin Holt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Coverage Rates

Gay and other men who have sex with men (GMSM) are disproportionally affected by the HIV epidemic in Australia. The study objective is to combine a clinical-based cohort with a community-based surveillance system to present a broader representation of the GMSM community to determine estimates of proportions receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and/or with an undetectable viral load. Between 2010 and 2012, small increases were shown in ART uptake (to 70.2%) and proportions with undetectable viral load (to 62.4%). The study findings highlight the potential for significantly increasing ART uptake among HIV-positive GMSM to reduce the HIV epidemic in Australia.

scholarly journals Trends in antiretroviral treatment use and treatment response in three Australian states in the first decade of combination antiretroviral treatment

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Falster ◽  
Linda Gelgor ◽  
Ansari Shaik ◽  
Iryna Zablotska ◽  
Garrett Prestage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objectives: To determine if there were any differences in antiretroviral treatment (ART) use across the three eastern states of Australia, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Queensland, during the period 1997 to 2006. Methods: We used data from a clinic-based cohort, the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD), to determine the proportion of HIV-infected patients on ART in selected clinics in each state and the proportion of treated patients with an undetectable viral load. Data from the national Highly Specialised Drugs program and AHOD were used to estimate total numbers of individuals on ART and the proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART nationally and by state. Data from the HIV Futures Survey and the Gay Community Periodic Survey were used to determine the proportion of community-based men who have sex with men on ART. The proportion of patients with primary HIV infection (PHI) who commenced ART within 1 year of diagnosis was obtained from the Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program (AIEDRP) CORE01 protocol and Primary HIV and Early Disease Research: Australian Cohort (PHAEDRA) cohorts. Results: We estimated that the numbers of individuals on ART increased from 3181 to 4553 in NSW, 1309 to 1926 in Victoria and 809 to 1615 in Queensland between 2000 and 2006. However, these numbers may reflect a lower proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART in NSW compared with the other states (37% compared with 49 and 55% in 2000). We found similar proportions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men participants were on ART in all three states over the study period in the clinic-based AHOD cohort (81–92%) and two large, community-based surveys in Australia (69–85% and 49–83%). Similar proportions of treated patients had an undetectable viral load across the three states, with a consistently increasing trend over time observed in all states. We found that more PHI patients commenced treatment in the first year following HIV diagnosis in NSW compared with Victoria; however, the sample size was very small. Conclusions: For the most part, patterns of ART use were similar across NSW, Victoria and Queensland using a range of available data from cohort studies, community surveys and national prescription databases in Australia. However, there may be a lower proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART in NSW compared with the other states, and there is some indication of a more aggressive treatment approach with PHI patients in NSW compared with Victoria.

Short Communication: Elevated Labile Iron Levels in CD4 and CD8 T Cells from HIV-Positive Individuals with Undetectable Viral Load

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 597-600
Author(s):  
Radoslava Emilova ◽  
Victor Manolov ◽  
Yana Todorova ◽  
Nina Yancheva ◽  
Ivailo Alexiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Labile Iron

scholarly journals P86 An audit of time taken to reach undetectable viral load in therapy-naïve HIV-positive patients initiating art

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A44.1-A44
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Emmanuel Okpo ◽  
Steve Baguley ◽  
Ambreen Butt ◽  
Daniela Brawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals High Rate of Non-detectable HIV-1 RNA among Antiretroviral Drug Naive HIV Positive Individuals in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. VRT.S12677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina N. Odaibo ◽  
Isaac F. Adewole ◽  
David O. Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Baseline Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Detectable Viral Load ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, or viral load, is an indication of the magnitude of virus replication and largely correlates with disease progression in an infected person. It is a very useful guide for initiation of therapy and monitoring of response to antiretroviral drugs. Although the majority of patients who are not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high viral load, a small proportion of ART naive patients are known to maintain low levels or even undetectable viral load levels. In this study, we determined the rate of undetectable HIV-1 RNA among ART naive HIV positive patients who presented for treatment at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria from 2005 to 2011. Baseline viral load and CD4 lymphocyte cell counts of 14,662 HIV positive drug naive individuals were determined using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5 and Partec easy count kit, respectively. The detection limits of the viral load assay are 400 copies/mL and 750,000 copies/mL for lower and upper levels, respectively. A total of 1,399 of the 14,662 (9.5%) HIV-1 positive drug naive individuals had undetectable viral load during the study period. In addition, the rate of non-detectable viral load increased over the years. The mean CD4 counts among HIV-1 infected individuals with detectable viral load (266 cells/μL; range = 1 to 2,699 cells/μL) was lower than in patients with undetectable viral load (557 cells/μL; range = 1 to 3,102 cells/μL). About 10% of HIV-1 infected persons in our study population had undetectable viral load using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5.

Association between atazanavir plasma levels and renal function in HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable viral load

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
Ana Júlia Luz ◽  
Júlia Poeta ◽  
Rafael Linden ◽  
Marina Venzon Antunes ◽  
Luiza Isola Caminha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study of the Management of HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C-Positive Pregnancies in Edinburgh, UK from 1997-2002.

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Russell
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Study Child ◽  
Intrapartum Management

STUDY AIMS: This study aims to examine management practices for HIV-positive, HBV-positive and HCV-positive pregnancies over 1997-2002 in Edinburgh, UK, and the effects the diseases have on pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Equally for HIV, HBV, and HCV, 50% of the diagnoses were made before pregnancy while the other 50% were detected and diagnosed through antenatal testing. Of the 17 HBV-positive pregnancies 31.6% of the women were highly infectious at delivery and 57.9% were carriers with low infectivity. Of the 17 HIV-positive pregnancies 47.1% of the women had an undetectable viral load and 17.6% were unrecorded at delivery. All 17 HIV-positive pregnancies received ART in varying regimes, 15 (88.2%) were on combination therapy, one delivered vaginally and no women breastfed. All neonates of HBV-positive mothers received immunoglobulin and vaccination and were then breastfed. There were no specific interventions for HCV. Only one study child out of the 38 pregnancies became infected, and this was with HIV. CONCLUSION: Routine screening identifies women with no obvious risk factors, and interventions are largely accepted and effective at reducing vertical transmission. HIV therapy is individually tailored and increasingly uses several agents. Moreover, there is a movement towards allowing low viral load HIV-positive women to deliver vaginally. There are no interventions recommended for HCV infectivity alone. The difficulty collecting information illustrates that no adequate tracking system of infected pregnant women exists. Recommended is the creation of a formal database that includes standardized information such as the viral load of HIV or HCV at delivery, so that outcomes of intrapartum management can be more effectively assessed. No comment can be made on virus-related pregnancy complications, as study numbers are too small for statistically valid data.

scholarly journals Monitoring adherence to antiretroviral treatment in Brazil: an urgent challenge

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s67-s78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Machado Rocha ◽  
Carla Jorge Machado ◽  
Francisco de Assis Acurcio ◽  
Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Pharmacy Records ◽  
Antiretroviral Adherence

The aim of this study was to describe the effect of non-adherence on the main laboratory outcomes, TCD4+ lymphocyte count and viral load, routinely used to monitor patients initiating treatment according to three different approaches to measure adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Among 288 participants, 22.9%, 31.9% and 74.3% were considered non-adherent, according to medical charts, self-report and pharmacy records, respectively. Depending on the adherence measures used, the average gain in TCD4+ lymphocyte count ranged from 142.4 to 195.4 cells/mm3 among adherent patients, and from 58.5 to 99.8 lymphocytes TCD4+/mm3 among those non-adherent. The average reduction on viral load ranged from 4.25 to 4.62 log copies/mL among the adherent patients, and from 1.99 to 4.07 log among those non-adherent. Monitoring antiretroviral adherence should be considered a priority in these public AIDS referral centers in order to identify patients at high risk of developing virologic failure. Early interventions are necessary in order to maintain the initial therapeutic regimens for longer periods.

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