scholarly journals Physiological predictors of competitive performance in CrossFit® athletes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Martínez-Gómez ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Jump Ability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine which physiological variables could predict performance during a CrossFit competition. Fifteen male CrossFit athletes (35 ± 9 years) participated and performed a series of tests (incremental load test for full squat and bench press, jump tests, incremental running test, and Wingate test) that were used as potential predictors of CrossFit performance. Thereafter, they performed the five Workouts of the Day (WODs) corresponding to the CrossFit Games Open 2019, and the relationship between each variable and CrossFit performance was analyzed. Overall Crossfit performance (i.e., final ranking considering all WODs) was significantly related to jump ability, mean and peak power output during the Wingate test, relative maximum strength for the full squat and the bench press, and maximum oxygen uptake and maximum speed during an incremental running test (all p<0.05, r=0.58–0.75), although the relationship of most markers varied depending on the analyzed WOD. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the combination of maximum oxygen uptake, squat jump ability, and reactive strength index accounted for 81% of the variance in overall CrossFit performance (p=0.0003). CrossFit performance seems dependent on a variety of power-, strength-, and aerobic-related markers, which reflects the complexity of this sport. Improvements in aerobic capacity may help people and athletes in CrossFit performance and well-being. Also, focus on lower body power could be the key to obtain better performance markers.

scholarly journals Physiological Predictors of Competition Performance in CrossFit Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Martínez-Gómez ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Jump Ability ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to determine the physiological variables that predict competition performance during a CrossFit competition. Fifteen male amateur CrossFit athletes (age, 35 ± 9 years; CrossFit experience, 40 ± 27 months) performed a series of laboratory-based tests (incremental load test for deep full squat and bench press; squat, countermovement and drop jump tests; and incremental running and Wingate tests) that were studied as potential predictors of CrossFit performance. Thereafter, they performed the five Workouts of the Day (WODs) corresponding to the CrossFit Games Open 2019, and we assessed the relationship between the laboratory-based markers and CrossFit performance with regression analyses. Overall CrossFit performance (i.e., final ranking considering the sum of all WODs, as assessed by number of repetitions, time spent in exercises or weight lifted) was significantly related to jump ability, mean and peak power output during the Wingate test, relative maximum strength for the deep full squat and the bench press, and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and speed during the incremental test (all p < 0.05, r = 0.58–0.75). However, the relationship between CrossFit Performance and most laboratory markers varied depending on the analyzed WOD. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that measures of lower-body muscle power (particularly jump ability) and VO2max explained together most of the variance (R2 = 81%, p < 0.001) in overall CrossFit performance. CrossFit performance is therefore associated with different power-, strength-, and aerobic-related markers.

scholarly journals Maximum Oxygen Uptake and Post-Exercise Recovery in Professional Road Cyclists

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Rutkowski ◽  
Marek Zatoń ◽  
Kamil Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Road Cyclists ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Training

AbstractThe aim was to investigate the relationship between aerobic fitness as ascribed by maximum oxygen uptake (VOA sample of 17 professional cyclists (age 17.4 ± 3.1 years; VOPost-exercise VOAs recovery potential is associated with the aerobic fitness level, training effects may be monitored based on the recovery of VO

Relationship of Heart Rate and Oxygen Uptake Kinetics during Deep Water Running in the Adult Population—Ages 50 to 70 Years

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Brown ◽  
Joel C. Jordan ◽  
Linda F. Chitwood ◽  
Kim R. Beason ◽  
John G. Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deep Water Running

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between heart rate (HR) as a percentage of peak HR and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) as a percentage of peak V̇O2 in older adults while performing deep water running (DWR). Twenty-three (14 male and 9 female) apparently healthy older adults, age 50 to 70 years, volunteered. Deep water running to V̇O2peak was performed in 3-min stages at leg speeds controlled by a metronome beginning at 60 strides per minute and increasing 12 strides per minute each additional stage. Oxygen uptake and HR were continuously monitored by open-circuit spirometry and radiotelemetry, respectively. Simple linear regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the physiological variables. The relationship between %V̇O2peak and %HRpeak was statistically significant, with the male (%V̇O2peak = 1.5301 [%HRpeak] − 54.4932 [r = .96, SEE = 6.0%]) and female (%V̇O2peak = 1.5904 [%HRpeak] - 62.3935 [r = .91, SEE = 6.9%]) regression equations being significantly different (p < .05). The regression equations of older adults and those for college-aged males (%VO2peak = 1.4634 [%HRpeak] − 49.619) and females (%V̇O2peak = 1.6649 [%HRpeak] − 67.862) were not significantly different.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Performance in a Maximum Effort Test for Lifeguards and the Time Spent in a Water Rescue

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3407
Author(s):  
Sergio López-García ◽  
Brais Ruibal-Lista ◽  
José Palacios-Aguilar ◽  
Miguel Santiago-Alonso ◽  
José Antonio Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Water Rescue ◽  
The Relationship

The main objective of this study was to analyse the relationship between the performance in a maximum incremental test for lifeguards, the IPTL, and the effectiveness of a 200 m water rescue on the beach. Initially, 20 professional lifeguards carried out the IPTL in the pool and then they performed a 200 m water rescue on the beach. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in the IPTL was estimated. In both tests, heart rate (HR), blood lactate (La) and time achieved were measured. The VO2max estimated in the IPTL (VO2IPTL) was 44.2 ± 4.7 mL·kg·min−1, the time reached in the IPTL (TimeIPTL) was 726 ± 72 s and the time spent in the rescue (TimeRescue) was 222 ± 14 s. The results showed that the time reached in the pool (TimeIPTL) was the best predictor variable of the performance in water rescue (TimeRescue) (R2 = 0.59; p < 0.01). A significant correlation was also observed between the estimated maximum oxygen uptake and the beach rescue performance (R2 = 0.37; p = 0.05). These results reveal that the IPTL, a maximum incremental test specific to lifeguards, allows the estimation of the effectiveness of a 200 m rescue on the beach.

scholarly journals A Correlational Study between 5-minute Run Test and Incremental Treadmill Run Test in Assessing Aerobic Capacity

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Allison Ka Yee WONG ◽  
Lobo H. LOUIE
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Run Test ◽  
The Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the 5-minute run test and the incremental treadmill run test in assessing aerobic capacity. Twenty subjects participated in this study. The maximum oxygen uptake was estimated by the 5-minute run test and directly measured by the incremental treadmill run test. Correlations were computed by the SPSS Pearson procedures. Linear regression analysis was utilized to predict the 5-minute run test scores based upon the incremental treadmill run test results in determining maximum oxygen uptake. Significant relationship was found between two tests in assessing maximum oxygen uptake. Simple linear regression showed that running velocity in 5-minute run was a significant predictor for maximum oxygen uptake measured in the incremental treadmill run test. To conclude, the 5-minute run test was valuable to predict maximum oxygen uptake.本文旨在探討兩種評估有氧能力的測試：「五分鐘跑測試」和「遞增負荷跑台測試」之關係。是次研究共有二十位受試者參與，在實驗室進行遞增負荷跑台運動測量其標準的最大攝氧量，用「五分鐘跑測試」來推測和評估其最大攝氧量，所得的資料以相關和直線回歸法分析，從而探求「五分鐘跑測試」和「遞增負荷跑台測試」之關係。研究結果顯示兩種評估有氧能力的測試有密切的關係；此外，研究員利用五分鐘平均跑速推算出最大攝氧量的回歸方程。

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Cadence on Paddling Gross Efficiency and Economy in Stand-Up Paddle Boarding

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4893
Author(s):  
Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro ◽  
Jordan Santos-Concejero ◽  
Aitor Viribay ◽  
Borja Gutiérrez-Santamaría ◽  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Test Session ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Incremental Exercise Test ◽  
Gross Efficiency

Background: Due to the importance of energy efficiency and economy in endurance performance, it is important to know the influence of different paddling cadences on these variables in the stand-up paddleboarding (SUP). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of paddling at different cadences on the energy efficiency, economy, and physiological variables of international SUP race competitors. Methods: Ten male paddlers (age 28.8 ± 11.0 years; height 175.4 ± 5.1 m; body mass 74.2 ± 9.4 kg) participating in international tests carried out two test sessions. In the first one, an incremental exercise test was conducted to assess maximal oxygen uptake and peak power output (PPO). On the second day, they underwent 3 trials of 8 min each at 75% of PPO reached in the first test session. Three cadences were carried out in different trials randomly assigned between 45–55 and 65 strokes-min−1 (spm). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate, perceived sense of exertion (RPE), gross efficiency, economy, and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured in the middle (4-min) and the end (8-min) of each trial. Results: Economy (45.3 ± 5.7 KJ·l−1 at 45 spm vs. 38.1 ± 5.3 KJ·l−1 at 65 spm; p = 0.010) and gross efficiency (13.4 ± 2.3% at 45 spm vs. 11.0 ± 1.6% at 65 spm; p = 0.012) was higher during de 45 spm condition than 65 spm in the 8-min. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) presented a lower value at 4-min than at 8-min in 55 spm (4-min, 0.950 ± 0.065 vs. 8-min, 0.964 ± 0.053) and 65 spm cadences (4-min, 0.951 ± 0.030 vs. 8-min, 0.992 ± 0.047; p < 0.05). VO2, HR, lactate, and RPE were lower (p < 0.05) at 45 spm (VO2, 34.4 ± 6.0 mL·kg−1·min−1; HR, 161.2 ± 16.4 beats·min−1; lactate, 3.5 ± 1.0 mmol·l−1; RPE, 6.0 ± 2.1) than at 55 spm (VO2, 38.6 ± 5.2 mL·kg−1·min−1; HR, 168.1 ± 15.1 beats·min−1; lactate, 4.2 ± 1.2 mmol·l−1; RPE, 6.9 ± 1.4) and 65 spm (VO2, 38.7 ± 5.9 mL·kg−1·min−1; HR, 170.7 ± 13.0 beats·min−1; 5.3 ± 1.8 mmol·l−1; RPE, 7.6 ± 1.4) at 8-min. Moreover, lactate and RPE at 65 spm was greater than 55 spm (p < 0.05) at 8-min. Conclusion: International male SUP paddlers were most efficient and economical when paddling at 45 spm vs. 55 or 65 spm, confirmed by lower RPE values, which may likely translate to faster paddling speed and greater endurance.

The maximally attainable V̇o2 during exercise in humans: the peak vs. maximum issue

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1901-1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Day ◽  
H. B. Rossiter ◽  
E. M. Coats ◽  
A. Skasick ◽  
B. J. Whipp
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Metabolic Systems ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Valid Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Exercise In Humans

The quantification of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max), a parameter characterizing the effective integration of the neural, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic systems, requires oxygen uptake (V̇o2) to attain a plateau. We were interested in whether a V̇o2 plateau was consistently manifest during maximal incremental ramp cycle ergometry and also in ascertaining the relationship between this peak V̇o2 (V̇o2 peak) and that determined from one, or several, maximal constant-load tests. Ventilatory and pulmonary gas-exchange variables were measured breath by breath with a turbine and mass spectrometer. On average, V̇o2 peak [3.51 ± 0.8 (SD) l/min] for the ramp test did not differ from that extrapolated from the linear phase of the response in 71 subjects. In 12 of these subjects, the V̇o2 peak was less than the extrapolated value by 0.1-0.4 l/min (i.e., a “plateau”), and in 19 subjects, V̇o2 peak was higher by 0.05-0.4 l/min. In the remaining 40 subjects, we could not discriminate a difference. The V̇o2 peak from the incremental test also did not differ from that of a single maximum constant-load test in 38 subjects or from the V̇o2 max in 6 subjects who undertook a range of progressively greater discontinuous constant-load tests. A plateau in the actual V̇o2 response is therefore not an obligatory consequence of incremental exercise. Because the peak value attained was not different from the plateau in the plot of V̇o2 vs. work rate (for the constant-load tests), the V̇o2 peak attained on a maximum-effort incremental test is likely to be a valid index of V̇o2 max, despite no evidence of a plateau in the data themselves. However, without additional tests, one cannot be certain.

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