scholarly journals Dose–response relationship between physical activity and mortality in adults with noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Geidl ◽  
Sabrina Schlesinger ◽  
Eriselda Mino ◽  
Lorena Miranda ◽  
Klaus Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
List Type ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between post-diagnosis physical activity and mortality in patients with selected noncommunicable diseases, including breast cancer, lung cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D), ischemic heart disease (IHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, osteoarthritis, low back pain and major depressive disorders.DesignSystematic review and dose–response meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Scopus and the Web of Science were searched systematically for English publications from the inception of the platforms until August 2018. Additionally, the search was updated in August 2019.Eligibility criteriaProspective observational studies examining the relationship between at least three physical activity categories and all-cause mortality or disease-specific mortality as the primary outcome.ResultsIn total, 28 studies were included: 12 for breast cancer, 6 for T2D, 8 for IHD and 2 for COPD. The linear meta-analysis revealed that each 10 metabolic equivalent tasks (MET) h increase of physical activity per week was associated with a 22% lower mortality rate in breast cancer patients (Hazard Ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.86), 12% in IHD patients (HR, 0.88; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.93), 30% in COPD patients (HR, 0.70; 95% CI: 0.45, 1.09) and 4% in T2D patients (HR, 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99). The non-linear meta-analysis showed a regressive association with no threshold for the beneficial effect of physical activity on mortality.ConclusionHigher levels of post-diagnosis physical activity are associated with lower mortality rates in breast cancer, T2D, IHD and COPD patients, with evidence of a no-threshold and non-linear dose–response pattern.SUMMARY BOXExisting findings- Higher levels of physical activity are associated with a clear reduction in all-cause mortality in the general population.- In the general population, the shape of the dose–response curve between levels of physical activity and reduced mortality rates is characterized by a regressive, non-linear effect.New findings- Higher levels of post-diagnosis physical activity are associated with a clear reduction in all-cause mortality in adults with breast cancer, T2D, IHD and COPD.- The shape of the indication-specific dose–response curves between post-diagnosis physical activity and mortality are characterized by a regressive, non-linear association with (1) no threshold for the beneficial effect, (2) pronounced reductions of mortality for lower levels of physical activity compared to those who are physically inactive and (3) no harmful effects at higher levels of physical activity.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Mortality in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M Friedenreich ◽  
Chelsea R Stone ◽  
Winson Y Cheung ◽  
Sandra C Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Pa Domain

Abstract Background Recommendations for improved survival after cancer through physical activity (PA) exist, although the evidence is still emerging. Our primary objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between prediagnosis and postdiagnosis PA and survival (cancer-specific, all-cause, and cardiovascular disease mortality) for all cancers and by tumor site. Secondary objectives were to examine the associations within population subgroups, by PA domain, and to determine the optimal dose of PA related to survival. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and SportsDiscus databases were searched from inception to November 1, 2018. DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models were used to estimate the summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for primary and secondary analyses and to conduct dose-response analyses. Results Evidence from 136 studies showed improved survival outcomes with highest vs lowest levels of prediagnosis or postdiagnosis total or recreational PA for all-cancers combined (cancer specific mortality: HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.86, and HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.75, respectively) as well as for 11 specific cancer sites. For breast and colorectal cancers, greater reductions were observed for postdiagnosis PA (HR = 0.58–0.63) compared with prediagnosis PA (HR = 0.80–0.86) for cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Survival benefits through PA were observed in most subgroups (within sex, body mass index, menopausal status, colorectal subtypes, and PA domain) examined. Inverse dose-response relationships between PA and breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality were observed, with steep reductions in hazards to 10–15 metabolic equivalent hours per week. Conclusion Higher prediagnosis and postdiagnosis levels of PA were associated with improved survival outcomes for at least 11 cancer types, providing support for global promotion of PA guidelines following cancer.

scholarly journals 100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfranco D’Elia ◽  
◽  
Monica Dinu ◽  
Francesco Sofi ◽  
Massimo Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The relationship between 100% fruit juice (100%FJ) consumption and cardiovascular risk is object of debate: indeed, recently published investigations provided new but discrepant evidence on this important question and International dietary guidelines are not in agreement on recommendations about fruit juice consumption. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies and the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the relationship between 100%FJ intake, cardiovascular risk profile and risk of cardiovascular events. Methods We performed a systematic search of publications up to August 2019. Summary relative risks and exploration of linearity of the association were estimated for prospective studies and summary mean differences (MDs) calculated for RCTs. Results A total of 21 prospective studies and 35 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Dose–response analysis detected a significant inverse association between low-moderate 100%FJ consumption and risk of stroke (up to 200 ml/day) or total CV events (up to 170 ml/day) compared with no consumption, with a non-linear relationship (p for non-linearity < 0.05). No significant association was found for coronary heart disease and diabetes risk. In RCTs, a favorable and significant effect of 100%FJ intake was detected on blood pressure (systolic, MD: − 3.14 mmHg; diastolic, MD: − 1.68 mmHg), arterial compliance (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, − 0.38 m/s) and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, 2.10%). Neutral effects were found on body weight, blood lipids and glucose metabolism. Conclusions The results of these analyses indicate that 100%FJ consumption is not associated with higher CV risk. A non-linear inverse dose–response relationship occurs between 100%FJ consumption and CV disease, in particular for risk of stroke, probably mediated by the decrease in blood pressure. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number (CRD42019135577).

Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and All-Cause Mortality: Dose-Response and Intensity Weighted Time-Use Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1206-1212.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Xu ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Kristine Færch ◽  
Mette Aadahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
All Cause Mortality

scholarly journals Dose–response association of dietary sodium intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Milajerdi ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Linear Association ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Cvd Mortality

AbstractObjectiveHigh Na intake has been associated with different health problems. However, serious controversies exist over studies investigating associations of Na intake with mortality from all-causes and CVD. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to investigate, for the first time, the dose–response association of dietary Na intake with all-cause and CVD mortality among prospective studies.DesignRelevant papers published up to August 2017 were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases. Prospective cohort studies on the association of dietary Na intake with all-cause or/and CVD mortality were included. Linear and non-linear dose–response associations between Na intake and CVD and all-cause mortality were examined.ResultsOverall, twenty publications met inclusion criteria. A significant non-linear association (P<0·001) was found between Na intake and CVD mortality risk among studies assessing urinary Na excretion, with a relatively steep slope at Na intakes above 2400mg/d. However, the association was not significant in studies using dietary Na intake (P=0·61). Additionally, the non-linear association of Na intake with all-cause mortality was also non-significant. No linear association (effect size; 95 % CI; I2) was seen between 100mg/d increment in Na intake and CVD mortality (1·01; 0·97, 1·05; 98·4 %) or all-cause mortality (1·01; 1·00, 1·02; 89·2 %). Following subgroup analyses, the association between Na intake and CVD mortality was observed only among studies conducted in the USA (0·99; 0·99, 1·00; 20·0 %).ConclusionsThe study showed a direct association between urinary Na excretion and CVD mortality which was more considerable at intakes above 2400mg/d. In contrast, no significant association was found between Na intake and all-cause mortality. Further long-term prospective studies on different populations are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Association of coffee drinking with all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1282-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Zhao ◽  
Kejian Wu ◽  
Jusheng Zheng ◽  
Ruiting Zuo ◽  
Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Coffee Drinking ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to use the meta-analysis method to assess the relationship between coffee drinking and all-cause mortality.DesignCategorical and dose–response meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models.SettingWe systematically searched and identified eligible literature in the PubMed and Scopus databases.SubjectsSeventeen studies including 1 054 571 participants and 131 212 death events from all causes were included in the present study.ResultsSeventeen studies were included and evaluated in the meta-analysis. A U-shaped dose–response relationship was found between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality (Pfor non-linearity <0·001). Compared with non/occasional coffee drinkers, the relative risks for all-cause mortality were 0·89 (95 % CI 0·85, 0·93) for 1–<3 cups/d, 0·87 (95 % CI 0·83, 0·91) for 3–<5 cups/d and 0·90 (95 % CI 0·87, 0·94) for ≥5 cups/d, and the relationship was more marked in females than in males.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies indicated that light to moderate coffee intake is associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes, particularly in women.

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