scholarly journals 100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanfranco D’Elia ◽  
◽  
Monica Dinu ◽  
Francesco Sofi ◽  
Massimo Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The relationship between 100% fruit juice (100%FJ) consumption and cardiovascular risk is object of debate: indeed, recently published investigations provided new but discrepant evidence on this important question and International dietary guidelines are not in agreement on recommendations about fruit juice consumption. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies and the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the relationship between 100%FJ intake, cardiovascular risk profile and risk of cardiovascular events. Methods We performed a systematic search of publications up to August 2019. Summary relative risks and exploration of linearity of the association were estimated for prospective studies and summary mean differences (MDs) calculated for RCTs. Results A total of 21 prospective studies and 35 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Dose–response analysis detected a significant inverse association between low-moderate 100%FJ consumption and risk of stroke (up to 200 ml/day) or total CV events (up to 170 ml/day) compared with no consumption, with a non-linear relationship (p for non-linearity < 0.05). No significant association was found for coronary heart disease and diabetes risk. In RCTs, a favorable and significant effect of 100%FJ intake was detected on blood pressure (systolic, MD: − 3.14 mmHg; diastolic, MD: − 1.68 mmHg), arterial compliance (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, − 0.38 m/s) and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, 2.10%). Neutral effects were found on body weight, blood lipids and glucose metabolism. Conclusions The results of these analyses indicate that 100%FJ consumption is not associated with higher CV risk. A non-linear inverse dose–response relationship occurs between 100%FJ consumption and CV disease, in particular for risk of stroke, probably mediated by the decrease in blood pressure. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number (CRD42019135577).

Blood Pressure and the Risk of Dementia: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuo-Teng Wang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Hui-Fu Wang ◽  
Lin Tan ◽  
Chen-Chen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Dose–response association of dietary sodium intake with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Milajerdi ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Linear Association ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Cvd Mortality

AbstractObjectiveHigh Na intake has been associated with different health problems. However, serious controversies exist over studies investigating associations of Na intake with mortality from all-causes and CVD. The present systematic review and meta-analysis was done to investigate, for the first time, the dose–response association of dietary Na intake with all-cause and CVD mortality among prospective studies.DesignRelevant papers published up to August 2017 were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases. Prospective cohort studies on the association of dietary Na intake with all-cause or/and CVD mortality were included. Linear and non-linear dose–response associations between Na intake and CVD and all-cause mortality were examined.ResultsOverall, twenty publications met inclusion criteria. A significant non-linear association (P<0·001) was found between Na intake and CVD mortality risk among studies assessing urinary Na excretion, with a relatively steep slope at Na intakes above 2400mg/d. However, the association was not significant in studies using dietary Na intake (P=0·61). Additionally, the non-linear association of Na intake with all-cause mortality was also non-significant. No linear association (effect size; 95 % CI; I2) was seen between 100mg/d increment in Na intake and CVD mortality (1·01; 0·97, 1·05; 98·4 %) or all-cause mortality (1·01; 1·00, 1·02; 89·2 %). Following subgroup analyses, the association between Na intake and CVD mortality was observed only among studies conducted in the USA (0·99; 0·99, 1·00; 20·0 %).ConclusionsThe study showed a direct association between urinary Na excretion and CVD mortality which was more considerable at intakes above 2400mg/d. In contrast, no significant association was found between Na intake and all-cause mortality. Further long-term prospective studies on different populations are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Mood Disorders and Gluten: It’s Not All in Your Mind! A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Busby ◽  
Justine Bold ◽  
Lindsey Fellows ◽  
Kamran Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
One Year ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Gluten elimination may represent an effective treatment strategy for mood disorders in individuals with gluten-related disorders. However, the directionality of the relationship remains unclear. We performed a systematic review of prospective studies for effects of gluten on mood symptoms in patients with or without gluten-related disorders. Six electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library) were searched, from inception to 8 August 2018, for prospective studies published in English. Meta-analyses with random-effects were performed. Three randomised-controlled trials and 10 longitudinal studies comprising 1139 participants fit the inclusion criteria. A gluten-free diet (GFD) significantly improved pooled depressive symptom scores in GFD-treated patients (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) −0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.55 to −0.20; p < 0.0001), with no difference in mean scores between patients and healthy controls after one year (SMD 0.01, 95% CI −0.18 to 0.20, p = 0.94). There was a tendency towards worsening symptoms for non-coeliac gluten sensitive patients during a blinded gluten challenge vs. placebo (SMD 0.21, 95% CI −0.58 to 0.15; p = 0.25). Our review supports the association between mood disorders and gluten intake in susceptible individuals. The effects of a GFD on mood in subjects without gluten-related disorders should be considered in future research.

scholarly journals Dietary Fats, Serum Cholesterol and Liver Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1580
Author(s):  
Longgang Zhao ◽  
Chuanjie Deng ◽  
Zijin Lin ◽  
Edward Giovannucci ◽  
Xuehong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Inverse Association

To quantify the associations between dietary fats and their major components, as well as serum levels of cholesterol, and liver cancer risk, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to October 2020 for prospective studies that reported the risk estimates of dietary fats and serum cholesterol for liver cancer risk. We carried out highest versus lowest intake or level and dose-response analyses. Higher intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) was associated with a higher liver cancer risk in both category analysis (relative risk [RR]highest vs. lowest intake = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.69) and dose-response analysis (RR1% energy = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.07). Higher serum total cholesterol was inversely associated with liver cancer but with large between-studies variability (RR1 mmol/L = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.69, 0.75, I2 = 75.3%). The inverse association was more pronounced for serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (RR1 mmol/L = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.64). Higher intake of dietary SFA was associated with higher risk of liver cancer while higher serum levels of cholesterol and HDL were associated with a lower risk of liver cancer with high between-studies variability.

Abstract P264: Circulating and Dietary Magnesium and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana C Del Gobbo ◽  
Fumiaki Imamura ◽  
Jason H Wu ◽  
Marcia C de Oliviera Otto ◽  
Stephanie E Chiuve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Non Linear

Background: Clinical hypomagnesemia and experimental dietary magnesium (Mg) restriction diets are associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Relationships between circulating or dietary Mg at usual concentrations or intakes and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including fatal coronary heart disease (CHD), are not well established. Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize all available evidence from prospective studies on the associations between circulating and dietary Mg intake with incidence of total CVD, total CHD, and fatal CHD. Methods: Multiple literature databases and grey literature were systematically searched without language restriction from the earliest online index date to May 2012 for all prospective cohort or nested case-control studies examining the association of circulating or dietary Mg intake with incident total CVD, total CHD and fatal CHD. Two investigators evaluated full text articles for inclusion/exclusion and extracted data, independently and in duplicate. Linear dose-response relationships were assessed using generalized least-squares trend estimation, with pooled RR’s determined using fixed-effects or random-effects in the presence of heterogeneity (I2>30%). Potential non-linear associations were assessed using restricted cubic splines. Prespecified sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed using formal statistical testing and visual inspection of funnel plots. Results: Of 2,303 abstracts reviewed, 16 studies met eligibility criteria, comprising 761,742 individuals and 11,995 total CVD, 7,534 total CHD, and 2,686 fatal CHD events. In pooled analyses, circulating Mg (per 0.2mmol/L increment) was associated with a 30% lower risk of total CVD (RR=0.70, 95% CI=0.56-0.88; I2=50%) and trends towards lower risk of total CHD (RR=0.83, 95% CI=0.75-1.05; I2=47%) and fatal CHD (RR=0.61, 95% CI=0.37-1.00; I2=80%). Dietary Mg (per 200mg/day increment) was not significantly associated with total CVD (RR=0.89, 95% CI=0.75-1.05; I2=67%), but was associated with a 22% lower risk of total CHD (RR=0.78, 95% CI=0.67-0.92; I2=44%). The association between dietary Mg and fatal CHD was non-linear (p<0.0001), with an inverse association observed up to a threshold of ~250 mg/day (compared to lower intakes, RR=0.73, 95% CI=0.62-0.86). Funnel plot asymmetry was evident for the association between circulating Mg and total CVD, explained by heterogeneity due to stronger associations (p=0.02) in studies including participants with prevalent CVD at baseline and evaluating fatal CHD. Conclusions: Circulating Mg and dietary Mg intake are associated with lower risk of CVD, in particular fatal CHD. These findings support the need for randomized clinical trials and experimental studies to evaluate the possible role of Mg in the prevention of CVD and CHD death.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Relation to All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Soltani ◽  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar ◽  
Nerea Becerra-Tomás ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
All Cause Mortality

ABSTRACT A previous meta-analysis provided convincing evidence for an inverse association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the risk of all-cause mortality. Since then, 19 prospective studies have been published. We updated the evidence from these prospective studies and conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to test the linear and potential nonlinear dose-response associations between adherence to a MedDiet and the risk of all-cause mortality. The PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase bibliographic databases were systematically searched up to August 24, 2018. Summary HRs were estimated with the use of a random-effects meta-analysis to assess the association between a 2-point increment in MedDiet adherence and the risk of all-cause mortality. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed and potential publication bias was tested. Twenty-nine prospective studies with 1,676,901 participants and 221,603 cases of all-cause mortality were included in the final analysis. The pooled HR of all-cause mortality was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.91; I2 = 81.1%) for a 2-point increment in adherence to a MedDiet. Subgroup analyses showed that a significant inverse association was stronger in participants who lived in the Mediterranean region compared with non-Mediterranean areas (HRs: 0.82 compared with 0.92, respectively), and in studies that used the Panagiotakos MedDiet score. A nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis indicated that the risk of all-cause mortality linearly decreased with the increase in adherence to a MedDiet. The robustness of findings was confirmed in the sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, low-quality evidence from prospective cohort studies suggests an inverse association between adherence to a MedDiet and the risk of all-cause mortality, especially in Mediterranean regions. An inverse linear dose-response relation was also observed between adherence to a MedDiet and the risk of all-cause mortality.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Exposure–Effect Relationship Between Physical Activity and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the General Population: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 16 Prospective Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Wan ◽  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Wengen Zhu ◽  
Xiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Non Linear

Background: Since evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity (PA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence is inconsistent among studies, we performed a dose–response meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the exposure–effect association between PA and incident AF and the potential sex difference in the general population.Methods: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for eligible studies published up to July 2020 (PROSPERO: CRD42018091692). The non-linear or linear exposure–effect relationship between PA and AF was examined using the robust error meta-regression method.Results: A total of 16 prospective studies involving 1,449,017 individuals and 39,884 AF cases were included. We observed an inverse non-linear association between PA level and incident AF (I2 = 0%, pnon−linearity &lt; 0.001). In the linear model, a 5 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week increase in PA was associated with a decreased risk of AF [risk ratio (RR) = 0.992, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.988–0.996, I2 = 0%]. In the sex-stratified analysis, we observed an inverse non-linear relationship between PA level and AF risk in females (I2 = 90%, pnon−linearity &lt; 0.0001) but not in males (I2 = 0%, pnon−linearity = 0.40). In the linear model, a 5 MET-h/week increase in PA was associated with a reduced risk of AF in females (RR = 0.982, 95% CI: 0.975–0.989, I2 = 71%) but not in males (RR = 0.998, 95% CI: 0.994–1.002, I2 = 0%), with a significant interaction observed between the two groups (pinteraction &lt; 0.0001).Conclusion: There was an inverse non-linear relationship between PA level and incident AF in the general population. The beneficial effect of PA in reducing AF risk might be predominantly observed in females.

scholarly journals Cholesterol and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Philippine Fassier ◽  
Mathilde His ◽  
Teresa Norat ◽  
Doris S. M. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Inverse Association

The objective of the present study was to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies investigating the associations between total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and the risk of breast cancer. Relevant studies were identified in PubMed (up to January 2014). Inclusion criteria were original peer-reviewed publications with a prospective design. Random-effects models were used to estimate summary hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI. Distinction was made between studies that did or did not exclude cancer cases diagnosed during the first years of follow-up, thereby eliminating potential preclinical bias. Overall, the summary HR for the association between TC and breast cancer risk was 0·97 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·00; dose–response per 1 mmol/l increment, thirteen studies), and that between HDL-C and breast cancer risk was 0·86 (95 % CI 0·69, 1·09; dose–response per 1 mmol/l increment, six studies), with high heterogeneity (I2= 67 and 47 %, respectively). For studies that eliminated preclinical bias, an inverse association was observed between the risk of breast cancer and TC (dose–response HR 0·94 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·99), seven studies, I2= 78 %; highest v. lowest HR 0·82 (95 % CI 0·66, 1·02), nine studies, I2= 81 %) and HDL-C (dose–response HR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·65, 1·02), five studies, I2= 30 %; highest v. lowest HR 0·82 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·98), five studies, I2= 0 %). There was no association observed between LDL-C and the risk of breast cancer (four studies). The present meta-analysis confirms the evidence of a modest but statistically significant inverse association between TC and more specifically HDL-C and the risk of breast cancer, supported by mechanistic plausibility from experimental studies. Further large prospective studies that adequately control for preclinical bias are needed to confirm the results on the role of cholesterol level and its fractions in the aetiology of breast cancer.

Abdominal obesity and risk of CVD: a dose–response meta-analysis of thirty-one prospective studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ran Xue ◽  
Qianwen Li ◽  
Yaping Geng ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Fudi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This meta-analysis aimed to study the relationship between abdominal obesity and the risk of CVD by waist circumference (WC), waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist:height ratio (WHtR). We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Prospective studies that estimated cardiovascular events by WC, WHR and WHtR were included in this study. Pooled relative risks with 95 % CI were calculated using random effects models. A total of thirty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 669 560 participants and 25 214 cases. Compared the highest with the lowest category of WC, WHR and WHtR, the summary risk ratios were 1·43 (95 % CI, 1·30, 1·56, P < 0·001), 1·43 (95 % CI, 1·33, 1·54, P < 0·001) and 1·57 (95 % CI, 1·37, 1·79, P < 0·001), respectively. The linear dose–response analysis revealed that the risk of CVD increased by 3·4 % for each 10 cm increase of WC, and by 3·5 and 6·0 % for each 0·1 unit increase of WHR and WHtR in women, respectively. In men, the risk of CVD increased by 4·0 % for each 10 cm increase of WC, and by 4·0 and 8·6 % for each 0·1 unit increase of WHR and WHtR, respectively. Collectively, abdominal obesity is associated with an increased risk of CVD. WC, WHR and WHtR are good indicators for the prediction of CVD.

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