Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Risk of Cancer, CVD, Dementia and All-Cause Mortality in Adults: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S21
Author(s):  
James Woodcock ◽  
Soren Brage ◽  
Ali Abbas ◽  
Thiago Herick de Sa ◽  
Eoin Mc Namara
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

scholarly journals Do highly physically active workers die early? A systematic review with meta-analysis of data from 193 696 participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (20) ◽  
pp. 1320-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Coenen ◽  
Maaike A Huysmans ◽  
Andreas Holtermann ◽  
Niklas Krause ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Occupational Physical Activity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
High Level

ObjectiveRecent evidence suggests the existence of a physical activity paradox, with beneficial health outcomes associated with leisure time physical activity, but detrimental health outcomes for those engaging in high level occupational physical activity. This is the first quantitative systematic review of evidence regarding the association between occupational physical activity and all-cause mortality.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourceA literature search was performed in electronic databases PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe screened for peer reviewed articles from prospective studies assessing the association of occupational physical activity with all-cause mortality. A meta-analysis assessed the association of high (compared with low) level occupational physical activity with all-cause mortality, estimating pooled hazard ratios (HR) (with 95% CI).Results2490 unique articles were screened and 33 (from 26 studies) were included. Data from 17 studies (with 193 696 participants) were used in a meta-analysis, showing that men with high level occupational physical activity had an 18% increased risk of early mortality compared with those engaging in low level occupational physical activity (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.34). No such association was observed among women, for whom instead a tendency for an inverse association was found (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.01).ConclusionsThe results of this review indicate detrimental health consequences associated with high level occupational physical activity in men, even when adjusting for relevant factors (such as leisure time physical activity). These findings suggest that research and physical activity guidelines may differentiate between occupational and leisure time physical activity.

Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Mortality in CKD: A 1999–2012 NHANES Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 919-929
Author(s):  
Nan-Hui Zhang ◽  
Ran Luo ◽  
Yi-Chun Cheng ◽  
Shu-Wang Ge ◽  
Gang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
All Cause Mortality

<b><i>Background:</i></b> For patients with CKD, evidence on the optimal dose of physical activity and possible harm with excessive exercise is limited. This study aimed to analyze the dose-response association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and mortality in those with CKD and explore the optimal dose or possible harm associated with increased levels of LTPA. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> 4,604 participants with CKD from the 1999 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys with linked mortality data obtained through 2015 were classified into 6 groups: 0, 1–149, 150–299, 300–599, 600–899, and ≥900 min/week based on the total duration of the self-reported LTPA. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine dose-response associations between LTPA and mortality. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During the median follow-up of 114 months, 1,449 (31%) all-cause deaths were recorded. Compared to the inactive group (0 min/week), we observed a 22% lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.97) among participants who performed 1–149 min per week for LTPA. The corresponding HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality for 150–299 and 300–599 min/week of LTPA were 0.79 (0.64–0.97) and 0.74 (0.56–0.98). The benefit appeared to reach a threshold of a 43% (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36–0.91) lower risk of all-cause mortality among individuals performing 600–899 min/week for LTPA. Importantly, for ≥900 min/week of LTPA, the continued benefits were observed (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44–0.87). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> LTPA was associated with lower mortality in those with CKD. The optimal dose was observed at the LTPA level of approximately 600–899 min/week, and there were still benefits rather than the excess risk with LTPA levels as high as ≥900 min/week. Therefore, clinicians should encourage inactive CKD patients to perform LTPA and do not need to discourage CKD patients who already adhere to long-term physical activity.

scholarly journals Leisure time physical activity and dementia risk: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e014706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Hui Fu Wang ◽  
Yu Wan ◽  
Chen-Chen Tan ◽  
Jin-Tai Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

BackgroundThere is considerable evidence of the favourable role of more physical activity (PA) in fighting against dementia. However, the shape of the dose–response relationship is still unclear.ObjectiveTo quantitatively investigate the relationship between dementia and PA.DesignPubMed, EMBASE, Ovid and the Cochrane Library were searched for prospective studies published from 1 January 1995 to 15 October 2016. Two types of meta-analyses were performed with a focus on the dose–response relationship using two stage generalised least squares regression.ResultsThe primary analysis exhibited a dose–response trend for all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but not for vascular dementia (VD). In the dose–response analysis, either ACD (ptrend<0.005; pnon-linearity=0.87) or AD (ptrend<0.005; pnon-linearity=0.10) exhibited a linear relationship with leisure time PA (LTPA) over the observed range (0–2000 kcal/week or 0–45 metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-h/week)). Specifically, for every 500 kcal or 10 MET-h increase per week, there was, on average, 10% and 13% decrease in the risk of ACD and AD, respectively.ConclusionsWe have reported, for the first time, the dose–response relationship between LTPA and dementia, further supporting the international PA guideline from the standpoint of dementia prevention.

Associations of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 44 prospective cohort studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 1864-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenke Cheng ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Wensi Cheng ◽  
Chong Yang ◽  
Linlin Diao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies

Background Many cohort studies within the past few decades have shown the protective effect of leisure-time physical activity on cardiovascular mortality. To summarise the evidence from prospective cohort studies on the relationship between the amount of leisure-time physical activity and the risk of cardiovascular mortality, a dose–response meta-analysis was conducted in this study. Methods and results Electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase databases, Scopus and Cochrane Library, were systemically retrieved by two investigators from inception to 14 June 2018 for related studies. The maximum adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted, and a dose–response analysis was conducted using the restricted cubic splines. Finally, a total of 44 studies comprising 1,584,181 participants was enrolled into this meta-analysis. The HRs of cardiovascular mortality for moderate and high leisure-time physical activity were 0.77 (95% CI 0.74–0.81) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.69–0.77), respectively. Among these 44 studies, 19 were eligible for the dose–response meta-analysis, which suggested a linear negative correlation of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular mortality, regardless of age, gender and the presence of underlying cardiovascular disease or not. Conclusions Leisure-time physical activity shows a linear negative correlation with the risk of cardiovascular mortality regardless of age, gender and the presence of cardiovascular disease or not. However, the cardiovascular benefits of leisure-time physical activity is decreased for those aged over 65 years or those with a history of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, leisure-time physical activity displays more cardiovascular benefits to people followed up for over 10 years than to those followed up for less than 10 years. Besides, high-intensity leisure-time physical activity has more obvious cardiovascular benefits than those of moderate-intensity leisure-time physical activity.

scholarly journals Tea Drinking and Risk of Cancer Incidence: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies and Evidence Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Gang Zhao ◽  
Zhuo-Ying Li ◽  
Guo-Shan Feng ◽  
Xiao-Wei Ji ◽  
Yu-Ting Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Tea Drinking ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

ABSTRACT Here we provide a comprehensive meta-analysis to summarize and appraise the quality of the current evidence on the associations of tea drinking in relation to cancer risk. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched up to June 2020. We reanalyzed the individual prospective studies focused on associations between tea drinking and cancer risk in humans. We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies and provided the highest- versus lowest-category analyses, dose-response analyses, and test of nonlinearity of each association by modeling restricted cubic spline regression for each type of tea. We graded the evidence based on the summary effect size, its 95% confidence interval, 95% prediction interval, the extent of heterogeneity, evidence of small-study effects, and excess significance bias. We identified 113 individual studies investigating the associations between tea drinking and 26 cancer sites including 153,598 cancer cases. We assessed 12 associations for the intake of black tea with cancer risk and 26 associations each for the intake of green tea and total tea with cancer risk. Except for an association between lymphoid neoplasms with green tea, we did not find consistent associations for the highest versus lowest categories and dose-response analyses for any cancer. When grading current evidence for each association (number of studies ≥2), weak evidence was detected for lymphoid neoplasm (green tea), glioma (total tea, per 1 cup), bladder cancer (total tea, per 1 cup), and gastric and esophageal cancer (tea, per 1 cup). This review of prospective studies provides little evidence to support the hypothesis that tea drinking is associated with cancer risk. More well-designed studies are still needed to identify associations between tea intake and rare cancers.

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