scholarly journals cAMP-Fyn signaling in the dorsomedial striatum direct pathway drives excessive alcohol use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Ehinger ◽  
Nadege Morisot ◽  
Khanhky Phamluong ◽  
Samuel A. Sakhai ◽  
Drishti Soneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Camp Signaling ◽  
Cell Type Specificity ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Saccharin Intake ◽  
Fyn Kinase ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Dorsomedial Striatum

ABSTRACTFyn kinase in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) of rodents plays a central role in mechanisms underlying excessive alcohol intake. The DMS is comprised of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that project directly (dMSNs) or indirectly (iMSNs) to the substantia nigra. Here, we examined the cell-type specificity of Fyn’s actions on alcohol use. First, we knocked down Fyn selectively in DMS dMSNs or iMSNs of mice and measured the level of alcohol consumption. We found that downregulation of Fyn in dMSNs, but not in iMSNs, reduces excessive alcohol but not saccharin intake. D1Rs are coupled to Gαs/olf, which activate cAMP signaling. To examine whether Fyn’s actions are mediated through cAMP signaling, DMS dMSNs were infected with GαsDREADD, and the activation of Fyn signaling was measured following CNO treatment. We found that remote stimulation of cAMP signaling in DMS dMSNs activates Fyn and promotes the phosphorylation of the Fyn substrate, GluN2B. In contract, remote activation of GαsDREADD in DLS dMSNs did not alter Fyn signaling. We then tested whether activation of GαsDREADD in DMS dMSNs or iMSNs alters alcohol intake and observed that CNO-dependent activation of GαsDREADD in DMS dMSNs but not iMSNs increases alcohol but not saccharin intake. Finally, we examined the contribution of Fyn to GαsDREADD-dependent increase in alcohol intake, and found that systemic administration of the Fyn inhibitor, AZD0503 blocks GαsDREADD-dependent increase in alcohol consumption. Our results suggest that the cAMP-Fyn axis in the DMS dMSNs is a molecular transducer of mechanisms underlying the development of excessive alcohol consumption.

Alcohol consumption among students and its relationship with nutritional intake: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Elisabet R Hillesund ◽  
Nina C Øverby ◽  
Erlend L Valen ◽  
Dagrun Engeset
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Abstract Objective: Excessive alcohol consumption during reproductive years may impact the integrity of developing eggs and sperm, potentially affecting the life-long health of future children. Inadequate diets could aggravate these preconception effects of alcohol. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption and explore whether weekly alcohol intake is associated with energy and nutrient intake and adequacy of micronutrient intake among students. Design: Cross-sectional survey using a validated and reproducibility-tested FFQ. Setting: University of Agder, Norway, in 2018. Participants: 622 students (71 % female). Results: More than 80 % reported having consumed alcoholic beverages the past 4 weeks. One-third of men and 13 % of women exceeded the upper recommended limit of 14 UK alcohol units/week. An inverse association between increasing alcohol intake and energy-adjusted micronutrient intake was evident for thiamine, phosphate, Fe, Zn and Se in men, and for vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin E and C, thiamine, vitamin B6, folate, P, Mg, K, Fe, Zn and Cu in women. A substantial proportion had vitamin D, folate, Fe and I intakes below average requirement regardless of alcohol consumption level. The combination of prevalent alcohol use, decreasing micronutrient density of diet across alcohol consumption level and a high probability of micronutrient inadequacy indicate reason for concern in a preconception public health perspective. Conclusions: Our findings call for investigations into young adults’ knowledge, reflections and beliefs regarding diet and alcohol use to understand how these behaviours could be improved ahead of parenthood.

Is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum useful for detecting excessive alcohol consumption in hypertensive patients?

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2057-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Fagerberg ◽  
S Agewall ◽  
A Berglund ◽  
M Wysocki ◽  
P A Lundberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
High Alcohol ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Carbohydrate Deficient Transferrin ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
High Alcohol Intake

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum in a cross-sectional study of 439 treated hypertensive men. We related the results to alcohol intake by questionnaire and to biochemical and hemodynamic measurements known to reflect excessive alcohol consumption. The diagnostic sensitivity and the specificity for high alcohol intake (> or = 24 g/day of ethanol) were 44% and 87%, respectively. The group with reported high alcohol intake (n = 32) was characterized by hemodynamic and biochemical changes typical of alcohol abuse. The corresponding profile for the patients with increased serum CDT concentrations (n = 70) was different in several respects, indicating a considerable number of false-positive tests. We conclude that serum CDT determination had low sensitivity and specificity for excessive alcohol consumption in this group of hypertensive patients. The results illustrate the importance of evaluating new laboratory methods in unselected patient populations before drawing any conclusions about their clinical value.

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in Tweeting about Drinking Across the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giorgi ◽  
David B. Yaden ◽  
Johannes C. Eichstaedt ◽  
Robert D. Ashford ◽  
Anneke E.K. Buffone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Community Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Excessive alcohol use in the US contributes to over 88,000 deaths per year and costs over $250 billion annually. While previous studies have shown that excessive alcohol use can be detected from general patterns of social media engagement, we characterized how drinking-specific language varies across regions and cultures in the US. From a database of 38 billion public tweets, we selected those mentioning “drunk”, found the words and phrases distinctive of drinking posts, and then clustered these into topics and sets of semantically related words. We identified geolocated “drunk” tweets and correlated their language with the prevalence of self-reported excessive alcohol consumption (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; BRFSS). We then identified linguistic markers associated with excessive drinking in different regions and cultural communities as identified by the American Community Project. “Drunk” tweet frequency (of the 3.3 million geolocated “drunk” tweets) correlated with excessive alcohol consumption at both the county and state levels (r = 0.26 and 0.45, respectively, p < 0.01). Topic analyses revealed that excessive alcohol consumption was most correlated with references to drinking with friends (r = 0.20), family (r = 0.15), and driving under the influence (r = 0.14). Using the American Community Project classification, we found a number of cultural markers of drinking: religious communities had a high frequency of anti-drunk driving tweets, Hispanic centers discussed family members drinking, and college towns discussed sexual behavior. This study shows that Twitter can be used to explore the specific sociocultural contexts in which excessive alcohol use occurs within particular regions and communities. These findings can inform more targeted public health messaging and help to better understand cultural determinants of substance abuse.

scholarly journals Changes in Alcohol Consumption Among a Population Who Underwent Medical Checkups During the First Wave of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in Japan: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Yusaku Kajihara
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases

Background: Movement restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have inflicted stress and affected drinking behavior. However, limited information is available on the changes in alcohol use among the Japanese population.Method: This retrospective study included 371 subjects aged 20–74 years who underwent medical checkups at Fuyoukai Murakami Hospital before (April 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2020 to May 31, 2020). All data were extracted from medical records. Changes in alcohol consumption and severity were also investigated. A logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with increased drinking, and seven variables were sequentially introduced into the model—age (≤ 49 years), male sex, prior instructions for alcohol restriction, medication for lifestyle-related diseases (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperuricemia), depression or insomnia, essential workers, and smoking.Results: The median age was 46 years, and 81.7% subjects were men. In total, 25.1% subjects increased their alcohol intake, and 24.5% subjects reduced their alcohol intake. The rates of excessive alcohol consumption (≥ 60 g ethanol per day) were 15.9% and 16.7% in the pre-COVID-19 period and during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified only age ≤ 49 years as a risk factor for increased drinking (adjusted odds ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–3.99; p = 0.009).Conclusion: Approximately one-fourth of the subjects reported increased drinking, although the overall severity remained stable. The importance of alcohol reduction, particularly among young people, should be emphasized.

scholarly journals Association between cigarette use and adolescents’ behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Viviane Colares ◽  
Jonathan Lopes de Lisboa ◽  
Patricia Maria Pereira de Araújo Zarzar ◽  
Carolina da Franca Bandeira Ferreira Santo ◽  
Paula Andréa de Melo Valença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS: Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03–1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43–2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22–2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12–5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24–5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57–3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32–3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.  

scholarly journals Microstructural White Matter Alterations in Men With Alcohol Use Disorder and Rats With Excessive Alcohol Consumption During Early Abstinence

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia De Santis ◽  
Patrick Bach ◽  
Laura Pérez-Cervera ◽  
Alejandro Cosa-Linan ◽  
Georg Weil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

scholarly journals Excessive alcohol consumption: a challenge for occupational health / El consumo excesivo de alcohol: un reto para la salud laboral

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-Montalvo ◽  
Enrique Echeburúa
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
The Relationship

En este trabajo se analiza la relación existente entre el abuso de alcohol y la actividad laboral. Se comentan las tasas de prevalencia del consumo de alcohol entre los trabajadores obtenidas en diferentes estudios y se describen los principales métodos de detección precoz (biológicos y psicológicos), así como las limitaciones de cada uno de ellos. Por último, se revisan los estudios sobre las principales repercusiones del abuso de alcohol en el ámbito laboral. AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between alcohol abuse and labour activity. The prevalence rates about alcohol intake in workers are commented and the main early detection methods (biological and psychological) together with its limitations are described. Finally, studies about work consequences of alcohol are reviewed.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Use Disorders According to DSM-IV and DSM-5

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlous Tuithof ◽  
Margreet ten Have ◽  
Wim van den Brink ◽  
Wilma Vollebergh ◽  
Ron de Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Delineation of dynorphin and kappa opioid receptor circuit elements in alcohol consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Pina ◽  
Dipanwita Pati ◽  
Sofia Neira ◽  
Christina Stanhope ◽  
Alex Mahoney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
Kappa Opioid Receptor ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Kappa Opioid ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Circuit Elements

Alcohol use disorder is complex and multi-faceted, involving the coordination of multiple signaling systems across numerous brain region. Previous work has indicated that both the insular cortex and dynorphin (DYN)/Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) systems contribute to excessive alcohol use. More recently, we identified a microcircuit in the medial aspect of the insular cortex that signals through DYN/KOR. Here, we explored the role of insula DYN/KOR circuit elements on alcohol intake in a long-term intermittent access (IA) procedure. Using a combination of conditional knockout strategies and site-directed pharmacology, we discovered distinct and sex-specific roles for insula DYN and KOR systems in alcohol drinking and related behavior. Our findings show that insula DYN deletion blocked escalated consumption and decreased overall intake of and preference for alcohol in male and female mice. This effect was selective for alcohol in male mice, as DYN deletion did not impact their sucrose intake. In male mice, insula KOR antagonism reduced alcohol intake and preference during the early phase of IA only. Alcohol consumption as not affected by insula KOR knockout. In addition, we found that long-term IA decreased the intrinsic excitability of DYN and deep layer pyramidal neurons (DLPN) in the insula of male mice. Excitatory synaptic transmission was also impacted by IA, as it drove an increase in excitatory synaptic drive in both DYN neurons and DLPN. Combined, our findings suggest that there is a dynamic interplay between excessive alcohol consumption and insula DYN/KOR circuit elements.

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