scholarly journals Microstructural White Matter Alterations in Men With Alcohol Use Disorder and Rats With Excessive Alcohol Consumption During Early Abstinence

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia De Santis ◽  
Patrick Bach ◽  
Laura Pérez-Cervera ◽  
Alejandro Cosa-Linan ◽  
Georg Weil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Unhealthy Alcohol Use

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Holt ◽  
Joseph H. Donroe
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol Use ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Unhealthy alcohol use refers to a spectrum of alcohol consumption ranging from at-risk drinking to alcohol use disorder. It is associated with both a high cost to society and to individuals. Globally, alcohol is a leading cause of death and disability, and despite the high prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use, diagnosis, and treatment of alcohol use disorder remains disproportionately low. Risk for unhealthy alcohol use and alcohol related harms is multifactorial and includes genetic factors, gender, age, socioeconomic status, cultural and societal norms, and policies regulating alcohol consumption among others. Excessive alcohol use is associated with a myriad of poor physical and mental health outcomes, and screening for unhealthy alcohol use is universally recommended and effective. This review contains 1 figures, 2 tables, and 76 references.  Key Words: addiction, alcohol, cancer, diagnosis, drinking, liver disease, screening, stigma, use disorderImportant Advances

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in Tweeting about Drinking Across the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giorgi ◽  
David B. Yaden ◽  
Johannes C. Eichstaedt ◽  
Robert D. Ashford ◽  
Anneke E.K. Buffone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Community Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Excessive alcohol use in the US contributes to over 88,000 deaths per year and costs over $250 billion annually. While previous studies have shown that excessive alcohol use can be detected from general patterns of social media engagement, we characterized how drinking-specific language varies across regions and cultures in the US. From a database of 38 billion public tweets, we selected those mentioning “drunk”, found the words and phrases distinctive of drinking posts, and then clustered these into topics and sets of semantically related words. We identified geolocated “drunk” tweets and correlated their language with the prevalence of self-reported excessive alcohol consumption (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; BRFSS). We then identified linguistic markers associated with excessive drinking in different regions and cultural communities as identified by the American Community Project. “Drunk” tweet frequency (of the 3.3 million geolocated “drunk” tweets) correlated with excessive alcohol consumption at both the county and state levels (r = 0.26 and 0.45, respectively, p < 0.01). Topic analyses revealed that excessive alcohol consumption was most correlated with references to drinking with friends (r = 0.20), family (r = 0.15), and driving under the influence (r = 0.14). Using the American Community Project classification, we found a number of cultural markers of drinking: religious communities had a high frequency of anti-drunk driving tweets, Hispanic centers discussed family members drinking, and college towns discussed sexual behavior. This study shows that Twitter can be used to explore the specific sociocultural contexts in which excessive alcohol use occurs within particular regions and communities. These findings can inform more targeted public health messaging and help to better understand cultural determinants of substance abuse.

scholarly journals Association of PIP4K2A Polymorphisms with Alcohol Use Disorder

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Fedorenko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Mikhalitskaya ◽  
Valentina A. Toshchakova ◽  
Anton J.M. Loonen ◽  
Nikolay A. Bokhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Lateral Habenula ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
First Time

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) not only influences individuals and families but also has a lasting social impact on communities at the national level. Dopaminergic neurotransmission is involved in excessive alcohol consumption. Phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate-4-kinase type 2 α (PIP4K2A) plays an important role in the regulation of ascending dopamine pathways. In this study; we determined possible associations between nine polymorphisms in PIP4K2A and AUD in Russian men. Methods: 279 Russian men with AUD were investigated. The control group consisted of 222 healthy men from the general Russian population. Genotyping of DNA samples for nine polymorphic variants of PIP4K2A was carried out by the Applied Biosystems™ QuantStudio™ 5 Real-Time PCR System with use of the TaqMan1 Validated SNP Genotyping Assay (Applied Biosystems; CШA). Results: Carriage of the PIP4K2A rs2230469*TT/T genotype/allele was a relative risk factor for developing AUD in men (p = 0.026 and p = 0.0084 accordingly). Moreover; men with AUD had a higher frequency of PIP4K2A rs746203*T allele (p = 0.023) compared to healthy men. Conclusions: For the first time; we demonstrated different PIP4K2A polymorphisms to be associated with AUD presumably due to dopamine system modulation resulting from regulation of the lateral habenula.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Potential Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Objective: To summarise publications reporting on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in a narrative review. Methods: ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in 2020. This search used two terms: ‘alcohol’ and ‘COVID’. Reference lists of articles were reviewed to identify additional articles. Results: There is growing concern around an increase in alcohol intake and alcohol-related harms. These concerns are related to the impact of excessive alcohol consumption in a person with COVID-19 and/or with alcohol use disorder, as well as with a potential increase in the prevalence of harmful drinking, alcohol use disorder, withdrawal symptoms, intimate partner violence, harm to children, suicide, mental health problems and non-communicable diseases. The need for assessing alcohol use and providing adequate advice during the pandemic have been highlighted. Conclusion: The time for action is now, and all necessary measures to prevent an increase in alcohol-related problems should be adopted. At the same time, healthcare services should also prepare for such potential increase, while adapting to the exceptional circumstances presented by the pandemic, such as physical distancing.

Unhealthy Alcohol Use

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Holt ◽  
Joseph H. Donroe
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol Use ◽  
Unhealthy Alcohol ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Unhealthy alcohol use refers to a spectrum of alcohol consumption ranging from at-risk drinking to alcohol use disorder. It is associated with both a high cost to society and to individuals. Globally, alcohol is a leading cause of death and disability, and despite the high prevalence of unhealthy alcohol use, diagnosis, and treatment of alcohol use disorder remains disproportionately low. Risk for unhealthy alcohol use and alcohol related harms is multifactorial and includes genetic factors, gender, age, socioeconomic status, cultural and societal norms, and policies regulating alcohol consumption among others. Excessive alcohol use is associated with a myriad of poor physical and mental health outcomes, and screening for unhealthy alcohol use is universally recommended and effective. This review contains 1 figures, 2 tables, and 76 references.  Key Words: addiction, alcohol, cancer, diagnosis, drinking, liver disease, screening, stigma, use disorderImportant Advances

scholarly journals Association between cigarette use and adolescents’ behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Viviane Colares ◽  
Jonathan Lopes de Lisboa ◽  
Patricia Maria Pereira de Araújo Zarzar ◽  
Carolina da Franca Bandeira Ferreira Santo ◽  
Paula Andréa de Melo Valença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of cigarette use among adolescents and to identify associated health risk behaviors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with a representative sample, composed of 1059 adolescents between 13 and 19 years old, enrolled in primary and secondary public schools of Olinda, Pernambuco, in 2014. Information was obtained through self-administered questionnaires (validated version of YRBS 2007). Cigarette experimentation was defined as smoking at least once in life. Adolescents who smoked at least one day within 30 days prior to the survey were considered current smokers. Most students were female and 16 years old or older. RESULTS: Almost 30% used it in life and about 10% smoked within the 30 days before the survey. Suicidal ideation (PR = 1.51, 95%CI 1.25–1.82), alcohol use (PR = 1.41, 95%CI 1.03–1.92), marijuana (PR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.37–1.96), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 1.57, 95%CI 1.15–2.16) and sexual experience (PR = 1.78, 95%CI 1.43–2.21) have increased the risk of using cigarettes. Feelings of sadness (PR = 1.70, 95%CI 1.22–2.36), alcohol use (PR=2.40, 95%CI 1.12–5.12), excessive alcohol consumption (PR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.24–5.38), marijuana (PR = 2.31, 95%CI.57–3.39) and cocaine (PR = 1.99, 95%CI.32–3.01) increased the risk of cigarette use within the 30 days before the survey. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette use among adolescents from Olinda was high, being considered higher than the national prevalence. Possible factors associated with cigarette use were drug use (alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine) and behaviors related to sexual experience, feelings of sadness and suicidal ideation.  

Other ways for the treatment of alcohol dependence: A patient treated with nalmefene

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S484-S484
Author(s):  
O. Porta Olivares ◽  
M. Juncal Ruiz ◽  
M. Gómez Revuelta ◽  
G. Pardo de Santayana Jenaro ◽  
L. Sánchez Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Opiate Receptors ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAlcohol dependence belongs to one of the major risk factors to health worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a significant factor for mortality in the world: 6.3% in men and 1.1% in women. The alcohol use disorder is also very common: 5.4% in men, 1.5% in women. Despite its high frequency and severity of this disorder, only 8% of all alcohol dependents are treated once.AimsAn interesting treatment option is geared toward reducing alcohol intake. Some patients in treatment for alcohol use disorder prefer an initial target of reducing consumption. Nalmefene, an antagonist naltrexone associated with opioid receptors, has been authorized in the European Union to help alcohol-dependent patients reduce their consumption. Antagonists’ opiate receptors are associated with reduced reward in relation to alcohol consumption, thus helping patients in reducing energy consumption.MethodsA man of 39 years old, with a diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and depressive disorder and poor outcome despite different types of treatment (as aversive agents) was treated with nalmefene.ResultsAfter a few months, nalmefene had a beneficial effect on the patient, with a significant reduction in the number of days of excessive alcohol consumption and total consumption in the sixth month. In addition, treatment was well tolerated, with no observed secondary effects.ConclusionsNalmefene appears to be effective and safe in reducing heavy drinking. Drugs such as nalmefene have demonstrated efficacy in association with a biopsychosocial approach to help patients achieve their personal objectives for this disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Association of hyperuricemia and gamma glutamyl transferase as a marker of metabolic risk in alcohol use disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hernández-Rubio ◽  
Arantza Sanvisens ◽  
Ferran Bolao ◽  
Clara Pérez-Mañá ◽  
Nuria García-Marchena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Advanced Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractExcessive alcohol consumption leads to overproduction of urates and renal function plays a critical role in serum uric acid levels. We aimed to assess associations of hyperuricemia in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comparable Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). A total of 686 patients undergoing treatment for AUD between 2013 and 2017 were eligible (77% men); age at admission was 47 years [interquartile range (IQR), 40–53 years], age of onset of alcohol consumption was 16 years [IQR, 16–18 years] and the amount of alcohol consumed was 160 g/day [IQR, 120–240 g/day]. Body Mass Index was 24.7 kg/m2 [IQR, 21.9–28.4 kg/m2], eGFR was 105 mL/min/1.73 m2 [IQR, 95.7–113.0 mL], 9.7% had metabolic syndrome and 23% had advanced liver fibrosis (FIB-4 > 3.25). Prevalence of hyperuricemia was 12.5%. The eGFR-adjusted multivariate analysis showed that relative to patients with GGT ≤ 50, those with GGT between 51 and 300 U/L and those with GGT > 300 U/L were 4.31 (95% CI 1.62–11.46) and 10.3 (95% CI 3.50–29.90) times more likely to have hyperuricemia, respectively. Our data shows that hyperuricemia in the context of AUD is strongly associated with serum GGT levels and suggest an increased cardio-metabolic risk in this population.

Alcohol consumption among students and its relationship with nutritional intake: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Elisabet R Hillesund ◽  
Nina C Øverby ◽  
Erlend L Valen ◽  
Dagrun Engeset
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Abstract Objective: Excessive alcohol consumption during reproductive years may impact the integrity of developing eggs and sperm, potentially affecting the life-long health of future children. Inadequate diets could aggravate these preconception effects of alcohol. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption and explore whether weekly alcohol intake is associated with energy and nutrient intake and adequacy of micronutrient intake among students. Design: Cross-sectional survey using a validated and reproducibility-tested FFQ. Setting: University of Agder, Norway, in 2018. Participants: 622 students (71 % female). Results: More than 80 % reported having consumed alcoholic beverages the past 4 weeks. One-third of men and 13 % of women exceeded the upper recommended limit of 14 UK alcohol units/week. An inverse association between increasing alcohol intake and energy-adjusted micronutrient intake was evident for thiamine, phosphate, Fe, Zn and Se in men, and for vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin E and C, thiamine, vitamin B6, folate, P, Mg, K, Fe, Zn and Cu in women. A substantial proportion had vitamin D, folate, Fe and I intakes below average requirement regardless of alcohol consumption level. The combination of prevalent alcohol use, decreasing micronutrient density of diet across alcohol consumption level and a high probability of micronutrient inadequacy indicate reason for concern in a preconception public health perspective. Conclusions: Our findings call for investigations into young adults’ knowledge, reflections and beliefs regarding diet and alcohol use to understand how these behaviours could be improved ahead of parenthood.

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