scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Soil Transmitted Helminthes Infection and Stunting Among School-aged Children in Ibadan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Ibrahim ◽  
M.K. Tijani ◽  
R. I. Nwuba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundIn developing countries, infections caused by soil-transmitted helminthes (STH), such as Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm, pose major public health problems among the school-age children, resulting in impaired physical growth such as stunting and thinness, and cognitive development. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of STH infections, stunting and thinness, and risk factors among school-age-children in Ibadan. This becomes highly imperative in order to serve as a guide on the prevention and control.MethodA cross-sectional study was carried out in 8 primary schools at Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria, between May and November 2018. All the school-age-children between the ages 5 and 18 years old (mean 10.4 ± 1.7 years), from primary one to six took part in the study. Demographic data were obtained and STH infections was analysed in single-stool samples by Kato-Katz. Anthropometric parameters were taken to calculate Height for-age Z score (HAZ) and Body-Mass-Index (BMI) for-age Z score (BAZ), in order to determine among school-aged-children stunting and thinness respectively.ResultsIn overall, 458 school-age-children partook in the study. The prevalence of STH was 9.0%, out of which 7.6%, 2.8% and 1.5% were recorded for Ascaris, Trichuris and multiparasitism respectively. The overall prevalence obtained revealed that the results of stunting and thinness (HAZ < -2SD, BAZ < -2SD) were 24.7% and 27.3% respectively based on the WHO Child Growth Standards (2007). Notably, ages of the children (P< 0.01), their classes (P=0.05), different schools (P=0.003), washing of hands after toileting (P = 0.05) were important risk factors determining STH infection, HAZ and BAZ.ConclusionThe study showed that specific risk factors among school children in the studied area will make them vulnerable with high risk of STH infection, HAZ and BAZ. Effective prevention and control strategies can be well planned when risk factors and dynamics of transmission in vulnerable groups have been painstakingly identified.SummaryAscaris, Trichuris and hookworm are responsible for major public health problems among the school-age children (SAC); this has led to stunting and thinness, and impaired cognitive development. With the aim to determine prevalence of STH infections, stunting, thinness and associated risk factors, a cross-sectional study of STH infection in 8 primary schools at Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria was conducted in 2018. School-aged children between the ages of 5 and 18 were enrolled, demographic data, stool samples and anthropometric parameters were obtained in order to determine STH infection and nutritional status. 9.0% was the prevalence of STH, the prevalence of 7.6%, 2.8% and 1.5% were recorded for Ascaris, Trichuris and multiparasitism respectively, while 24.7% and 27.3% were obtained for stunting and thinness respectively. The children’s age, hand washing after toileting and locations of the different schools were significantly correlated with STH infection, HAZ and BAZ. This study is highly imperative because its shows some risk factors associated with STH infection, HAZ and BAZ among SAC, this can serve as a guide on the prevention and control among SAC.

scholarly journals Soil-Transmitted Helminth Reinfection and Associated Risk Factors among School-Age Children in Chencha District, Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerihun Zerdo ◽  
Tsegaye Yohanes ◽  
Befikadu Tariku
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Mass drug administration (MDA) to the most risky population including school-age children (SAC) is the central strategy to control soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection. The present study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of STHs reinfection three months posttreatment and associated risk factors among SAC in Chencha district. A cross-sectional study design was employed from April 20 to May 5, 2015, to enroll 408 SAC. Structured questionnaire and Kato-Katz thick smear technique were used to interview parents or guardians and quantify the number of eggs per gram of stool. Pearson chi-square and logistic regression were used to assess the association between predictor variable and STH reinfection. The prevalence of STHs within three months of mass chemotherapy among SAC was 36.8% which is 93.4% of the prevalence (39.4%) before treatment. The estimated prevalence of reinfection (95%CI) forAscaris lumbricoides,Trichuris trichiura, and hookworms was 23.8% (21.1–28.2), 16.2% (12.7–20.1), and 1.0% (0.3–2.5), respectively. Children of merchant fathers were more likely to be reinfected by STHs in Chencha district. In conclusion, there is rapid reinfection after mass chemotherapy among SAC in Chencha district. Further studies should be carried out to generate cost efficient methods that can supplement mass drug administration to accelerate the control of STHs.

scholarly journals Age, Gender, Height and Weight in Relation to Joint Cartilage Thickness Among School-aged Children From Ultrasonographic Measurement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunchun Gau ◽  
Tsung-Chieh Yao ◽  
Shu-Ting Gan ◽  
Syh-Jae Lin ◽  
Kuo-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background: Among school-age children, the decrease of cartilage thickness (Cth) with increasing age is well known. However, the influence of body mass index (BMI), height or weight on Cth has not been revealed. Here in, we aim to establish an age- and gender-specific Cth standard reference among Asians and investigate the possible prestige of BMI, height and weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in healthy Asian children. Bilateral knees, ankles, wrists, second metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) and proximal interphalangeals (PIPs) were measured using ultrasound. The children’s height, weight and BMI were also recorded for later adjustment.Results: A total of 200 school age Asian children (including 86 girls and 114 boys, aged between 5 to 13 years-old) were investigated. Cth differences were observed in the knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs between sexes (p<0.05), with girls having thinner cartilage thickness. While Cth decreases with increasing age ( p <0.0001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.023, 0.091 in girls’ knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs and p = 0.002, 0.001, <0.0001, 0.001, 0.045 in boys’, respectively). Our data showed that weight, height and BMI are not the main factors contributing to Cth. A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. There was no difference in Cth after adjusting for height or weight between Asian or Caucasian group.Conclusions: A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. Height, weight and BMI were not the major contributor for Cth among school age children.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Practices and Knowledge on Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shycil Mathew ◽  
Jenifer Dsouza ◽  
Prakash Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Lifestyle Practices ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Adolescent obesity is a major public health challenge and it is a growing epidemic. Change in diet and physical inactivity are the key factors affecting weight among adolescents. Due to this, the prevalence of non communicable diseases and their risk factors are alarmingly high among them. To tackle this issue, early identification and effective health promotion strategies at a young age need to be adopted. Hence, there is a need for understanding the current trend in overweight and obesity among growing adolescents. Aim: To identify the lifestyle practices and to determine knowledge on prevention and control of overweight and obesity among overweight and obese adolescents in selected urban high schools at Mangaluru, Dakshina Kannada (D.K.), India. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents at selected urban high schools of Mangaluru, D K, India. A sample of 360 adolescents were screened to identify the occurrence of overweight and obesity. Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed using the formula, BMI=weight (Kg)/ height (m2). A total of 65 overweight and obese adolescents were assessed for lifestyle practices and level of knowledge on prevention and control of overweight and obesity. Demographic proforma, a structured knowledge questionnaire, and a self-report lifestyle practice rating scale were used to collect data. Results: The occurrence of overweight and obesity among adolescents was 18%. According to their BMI status, 9.7% of adolescents were overweight and 8.3% of them were obese. Self- reported lifestyle practice scores depicted that most (86.2%) of the overweight and obese adolescents follow unhealthy lifestyle practices. Majority (66.1%) of the adolescents had only average knowledge on prevention and control of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Though a maximum number of adolescents had average knowledge on prevention and control of overweight and obesity, unhealthy lifestyle practices are major risk factors for overweight and obesity among growing adolescents. Overweight and obese adolescents should strictly follow healthy lifestyle practices.

scholarly journals Age, gender, height and weight in relation to joint cartilage thickness among school-aged children from ultrasonographic measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Chun Gau ◽  
Tsung-Chieh Yao ◽  
Shu-Ting Gan ◽  
Syh-Jae Lin ◽  
Kuo-Wei Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background Among school-age children, the decrease of cartilage thickness (Cth) with increasing age is well known. However, the influence of body mass index (BMI), height or weight on Cth has not been revealed. Here in, we aim to establish an age- and gender-specific Cth standard reference among Asians and investigate the possible prestige of BMI, height and weight. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in healthy Asian children. Bilateral knees, ankles, wrists, second metacarpophalangeals (MCPs) and proximal interphalangeals (PIPs) were measured using ultrasound. The children’s height, weight and BMI were also recorded for later adjustment. Results A total of 200 school age Asian children (including 86 girls and 114 boys, aged between 5 to 13 years-old) were investigated. Cth differences were observed in the knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs between sexes (p < 0.05), with girls having thinner cartilage thickness. While Cth decreases with increasing age (p < 0.0001, 0.039, 0.001, 0.023, 0.091 in girls’ knees, ankles, wrists, MCPs and PIPs and p = 0.002, 0.001, < 0.0001, 0.001, 0.045 in boys’, respectively). Our data showed that weight, height and BMI are not the main factors contributing to Cth. A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. There was no difference in Cth after adjusting for height or weight between Asian or Caucasian group. Conclusions A formula to calculate gender-specific cartilage thickness for Asian school age children is suggested. Height, weight and BMI were not the major contributor for Cth among school age children.

scholarly journals Schistosomiasis and Associated Risk Factors Among School-Aged Children in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Musa M. Dogara ◽  
Saadatu Ahmad ◽  
Babalola J. Balogun ◽  
Salwa S. Dawaki ◽  
Muzammil B. Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The Jigawa State Ministry of Health in Northern Nigeria undertook a pilot intervention without a follow-up to control schistosomiasis through preventive chemotherapy by ensuring that each child swallows praziquantel from 2009 to 2013 in five primary schools in Dutse metropolis. Previously, the overall prevalence for urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis determined using Sedimentation and Kato Katz methods was 22.9%. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 150 randomly selected pupils, aged 6 - 15 years old was conducted using sedimentation and Kato-Katz methods to determine the prevalence of urinary and intestinal schistosomiasis respectively in three schools in July, 2018. Information on demographic and associated risk factors was collected using a structured questionnaire and the data generated was analyzed using SPSS statistics version 18.0. Results: The overall prevalence was 10% with S. haematobium 8%, S. mansoni 2.67% and co-infection 0.67%. Males had higher prevalence, 15.10% than females 1.75%. The 11 - 15 years age group had higher prevalence, 10.10% than 6 - 10 years, 9.68%. Nearly all the infections occurred among class 4-6 pupils with 12.10% and 2.94% in 1-3. Based on parental occupations, children of unskilled laborer had the highest prevalence of 16.67% followed by children of civil servants 12.50%, and children of butchers 0%. Kachi School had the highest prevalence of 14.00% while Sir Muhammadu Sunusi had the lowest 4.00%. Schistosomiasis prevalence was found only to be significantly associated with gender; higher among males than females (15.1% vs 1.75%, P = 0.011). Conclusion and Implications for Translation: Schistosomiasis is still endemic among school-aged children in Dutse metropolis, but with a drop in overall prevalence from 22.9% to 10.00%. Chemotherapy and health education should be sustained on both in and out of school-aged children in order to control the transmission. Key words: • Schistosomiasis • Tropical diseases • Northern Nigeria • Chemotherapy• School-aged Children • Kato - Katz • Sedimentation   Copyright © 2020 Dogara et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

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