Genetic diversity and evolution of Hantaan virus in China and its neighbors

AbstractBackgroudHantaan virus (HTNV), as one of the pathogenic hantaviruses of HFRS, has raised serious concerns in Eurasia. China and its neighbors, especially Russia and South Korea, are seriously suffered HTNV infections. Recent studies reported genetic diversity and phylogenetic features of HTNV in different parts of China, but the analyses from the holistic perspective are rare.Methodology and Principal FindingsTo better understand HTNV genetic diversity and dynamics, we analyzed all available complete sequences derived from the S and M segments with bio-informatic tools. Our study revealed 11 phylogroups and sequences showed obvious geographic clustering. We found 42 significant amino acid variants sites and 18 of them located in immune epitopes. Nine recombination events and seven reassortment isolates were deteced in our study. Sequences from Guizhou were highly genetic divergent, characterized by the emergence of multiple lineages, recombination and reassortment events. We found that HTNV probably emerged in Zhejiang about 1,000 years ago and the population size expanded from 1980s to 1990s. Bayesian stochastic search variable selection analysis revealed that Heilongjiang, Shaanxi and Guizhou played important roles in HTNV evolution and migration.Conclusions/SignificanceThese findings reveal the original and evolution features of HTNV which might assist in understanding Hantavirus epidemics and would be useful for disease prevention and control.Author summaryHemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) are endemic zoonotic infectious diseases caused by hantaviruses that belong to the Family Bunyaviridae. Hantaviruses have gained worldwide attention as etiological agents of emerging zoonotic diseases, with fatality rates ranging from <10% up to 60%. However, our knowledge about the emergence and evolution of HTNV is limited. To get more information about HTNV genetic diversity and phylogenetic features in holistic perspective, we investigated the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of HTNV using all available whole genomic sequences of S and M segments. We also gain insights into the genetic diversity and spatial-temporal dynamics of HTNV. These data can augment traditional approach to infectious disease surveillance and control.

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Orthohantaviruses, Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9090775 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 775

Author(s):

Emmanuel Kabwe ◽

Yuriy Davidyuk ◽

Anton Shamsutdinov ◽

Ekaterina Garanina ◽

Ekaterina Martynova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Current Data ◽

Emerging Infections ◽

Natural Hosts ◽

And Migration ◽

High Level ◽

Very High

Orthohantaviruses give rise to the emerging infections such as of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Eurasia and the Americas, respectively. In this review we will provide a comprehensive analysis of orthohantaviruses distribution and circulation in Eurasia and address the genetic diversity and evolution of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), which causes HFRS in this region. Current data indicate that the geographical location and migration of the natural hosts can lead to the orthohantaviruses genetic diversity as the rodents adapt to the new environmental conditions. The data shows that a high level of diversity characterizes the genome of orthohantaviruses, and the PUUV genome is the most divergent. The reasons for the high genome diversity are mainly caused by point mutations and reassortment, which occur in the genome segments. However, it still remains unclear whether this diversity is linked to the disease’s severity. We anticipate that the information provided in this review will be useful for optimizing and developing preventive strategies of HFRS, an emerging zoonosis with potentially very high mortality rates.

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Molecular Surveillance of HIV-1 Infection in Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia: Epidemiology, Phylodynamics and Phylogeography

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162x17666190618155816 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 114-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dmitry Neshumaev ◽

Aleksey Lebedev ◽

Marina Malysheva ◽

Anatoly Boyko ◽

Sergey Skudarnov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Viral Population ◽

Recent Common Ancestor ◽

Krasnoyarsk Region ◽

Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽

And Migration ◽

Viral Lineage ◽

Hiv 1

Background:The information about the dynamics of the viral population and migration events that affect the epidemic in different parts of the Russia is insufficient. Possibly, the huge size of the country and limited transport accessibility to certain territories may determine unique traits of the HIV-1 evolutionary history in different regions.Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Krasnoyarsk region and reconstruct spatial-temporal dynamics of the infection in the region.Methods:The demographic and virologic data from 281 HIV-infected individuals in Krasnoyarsk region collected during 2011-2016 were analyzed. The time to the most recent common ancestor, evolutionary rates, population growth, and ancestral geographic movements was estimated using Bayesian coalescent-based methods.Results:The study revealed moderate diversity of the HIV-1 subtypes found in the region, which included A6 (92.3%), CRF063_02A (4.3%), B (1.1%), and unique recombinants (2.5%). Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the A6 subtype was introduced into Krasnoyarsk region by one viral lineage, which arose around 1996.9 (1994.5-1999.5). The phylogeography analysis pointed to Krasnoyarsk city as the geographical center of the epidemic, which further spread to central neighboring districts of the region. At least two epidemic growth phases of subtype A6 were identified which included exponential growth in early-2000s followed by the decline in the mid/late 2010s.Conclusion:This study demonstrates a change in the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Krasnoyarsk region. At the beginning of the epidemic, subtype A6 prevailed, subtypes B and CRF063_02A appeared in the region later.

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Phylogenetic Analysis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Inner Mongolia, China

10.1101/2021.06.06.447231 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yunyi Kong ◽

Chao Yan ◽

Xiaodong Liu ◽

Lingling Jiang ◽

Gang Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Inner Mongolia ◽

Evolutionary Relationship ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Fever Virus ◽

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽

Complete Sequences ◽

And Control ◽

New Evidence

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne arbovirus that can cause bleeding and death in humans. The mortality rate in humans is between 5 to 30%. The pathogen is prevalent in more than 30 countries in the world. In China, reports of strains of CCHFV have been concentrated in Xinjiang province. However, the CCHFV strain has never been reported in Inner Mongolia, China. This study reports new CCHFV strains, HANM-18, from Hyalomma asiaticum and Hyalomma dromedarii collected in Alxa Left Banner and Alxa Right Banner in Inner Mongolia. Complete sequences of CCHFV were obtained by the nested PCR technique and used for analyzing the identity and evolutionary relationship with other CCHFV strains. Interestingly, our results showed that the S and L fragments of the HANM-18 strain had high degrees of identity with Xingjiang isolate strains, and the M fragment had significant identity with South African isolates. These analyses also indicate that the HANM-18 strain may have been prevalent in northwest Inner Mongolia for many years. This discovery will be helpful in CCHF prevention and control in Inner Mongolia, and it also adds new evidence to the epidemiology of CCHF in China.

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The effect of realistic mathematics education on student achievement in 8th grades geometric objects teaching

African Educational Research Journal ◽

10.30918/aerj.91.20.205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20-31

Author(s):

Hasan Huseyin Aksu ◽

Keyword(s):

Academic Success ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

T Test ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Control Group ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Significance Level ◽

8Th Grade ◽

And Control ◽

Dependent Samples

The purpose of this study is to answer if there is a reasonable difference on academical success of students who get education with traditional and RME approach question on “Teaching geometrical objects to 8th grade students” subject. Study group consists of 47 students which contains 21 experimental and 16 control group from “Ordu Anadolu İmam Hatip High School Project School” in Altinordu, Ordu. Experimental and control group have same academical success level, as the school which this study has runned is a school which accepts students with an exam only. After the experimental and control groups were created, a 25 question pre-test was performed to understand the level of knowledge of the group regarding geometrical objects. The same test was performed on the same groups 8 weeks later as retention test. To determine opinions of the students in experimental group regarding RME and related learning activities, semi-structured interviews are conducted. The data obtained from the pretest, posttest and retention tests were analyzed with t-test for independent samples and t-test for dependent samples and variance analysis for mixed measurements with 0.05 significance level. According to the results, it is seen that learning activities prepared according to RME approach are much more effective than learning activities prepared according to the traditional approach on students’ academic success.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE MACROPHYTE THICKET ECOSYSTEMS IN THE NEVA BAY AND THE ADJACENT WATERS OF THE EASTERN GULF OF FINLAND

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93849b8ce5.05692343 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ekaterina Maksimova ◽

Vladimir Zhigulsky ◽

Vladimir Shuisky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Vegetation ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Spatiotemporal Dynamics ◽

Gulf Of Finland ◽

Active Growth ◽

Nesting Sites ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

And Migration ◽

Neva Bay

The macrophyte thicket ecosystems of higher aquatic vegetation in the Neva Bay (NB) and Eastern Gulf of Finland (EGoF) perform many important roles, including acting as the habitats, nesting sites and migration sites for aquatic and semi-aquatic birds, creating the specific conditions necessary for the spawning and growth of many species of fish, and taking part in the self-purification of the aquatic ecosystems. Many anthropogenic disturbances, hydraulic works in particular, have a significant negative impact on these macrophyte thicket ecosystems. In recent years, the active growth of a new type of macrophyte thicket has been observed in the NB. This is due to the aftereffects of the construction of the Saint Petersburg Flood Prevention Facility Complex (FPFC). It is quite likely that the total macrophyte thicket area in these waters is currently increasing. In the future, it will be necessary to assess the environmental impacts of the hydraulic works on the macrophyte thicket of the NB and EGoF, taking into account the background processes of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the reed beds in the waters in question. To do this, it will be necessary to carry out a comprehensive study of these ecosystems and identify patterns in their spatial and temporal dynamics. The program of the study has been developed and is currently being implemented by Eco-Express-Service, a St. Petersburg eco-design company.

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Elevated sICAM-1 levels in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan virus

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1007/s10096-010-1032-x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 1507-1511 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Qunying Han ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Zhengwen Liu ◽

Wen Kang ◽

Sai Lou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Hantaan Virus

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Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes of the Halophytic Plant Kalidium schrenkianum

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1050

Author(s):

Jing Zhu ◽

Xiang Sun ◽

Zhi-Dong Zhang ◽

Qi-Yong Tang ◽

Mei-Ying Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Root Endophytes ◽

Fungal Community Structure ◽

Geochemical Factors ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

High Level ◽

And Control

Endophytic bacteria and fungi colonize plants that grow in various types of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Our study investigates the communities of endophytic bacteria and fungi of halophyte Kalidium schrenkianum growing in stressed habitats with ionizing radiation. The geochemical factors and radiation (at low, medium, high level and control) both affected the structure of endophytic communities. The bacterial class Actinobacteria and the fungal class Dothideomycetes predominated the endophytic communities of K. schrenkianum. Aerial tissues of K. schrenkianum had higher fungal diversity, while roots had higher bacterial diversity. Radiation had no significant effect on the abundance of bacterial classes. Soil pH, total nitrogen, and organic matter showed significant effects on the diversity of root endophytes. Radiation affected bacterial and fungal community structure in roots but not in aerial tissues, and had a strong effect on fungal co-occurrence networks. Overall, the genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments, however negative correlations were found between endophytic bacteria and fungi in the plant. The genetic diversity of both endophytic bacteria and fungi was higher in radioactive environments. Our findings suggest that radiation affects root endophytes, and that the endophytes associated with aerial tissues and roots of K. schrenkianum follow different mechanisms for community assembly and different paradigms in stress response.

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