scholarly journals A resurrection study reveals limited evolution of thermal performance in response to recent climate change across the geographic range of the scarlet monkeyflower

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wooliver ◽  
Silas B. Tittes ◽  
Seema N. Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Recent Climate

AbstractEvolutionary rescue can prevent populations from declining under climate change, and should be more likely at high-latitude, “leading” edges of species’ ranges due to greater temperature anomalies and gene flow from warm-adapted populations. Using a resurrection study with seeds collected before and after a seven-year period of record warming, we tested for thermal adaptation in the scarlet monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis. We grew ancestors and descendants from northern-edge, central, and southern-edge populations across eight temperatures. Despite recent climate anomalies, populations showed limited evolution of thermal performance curves. However, one southern population evolved a narrower thermal performance breadth by 1.25 °C, which matches the direction and magnitude of the average decrease in seasonality experienced. Consistent with the climate variability hypothesis, thermal performance breadth increased with temperature seasonality across the species’ geographic range. Inconsistent with performance trade-offs between low and high temperatures across populations, we did not detect a positive relationship between thermal optimum and mean temperature. These findings fail to support the hypothesis that evolutionary response to climate change is greatest at the leading edge, and suggest that the evolution of thermal performance is unlikely to rescue most populations from the detrimental effects of rapidly changing climate.

scholarly journals Host and parasite thermal ecology jointly determine the effect of climate warming on epidemic dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa-Lois M. Gehman ◽  
Richard J. Hall ◽  
James E. Byers
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Warming World ◽  
Host Parasite

Host–parasite systems have intricately coupled life cycles, but each interactor can respond differently to changes in environmental variables like temperature. Although vital to predicting how parasitism will respond to climate change, thermal responses of both host and parasite in key traits affecting infection dynamics have rarely been quantified. Through temperature-controlled experiments on an ectothermic host–parasite system, we demonstrate an offset in the thermal optima for survival of infected and uninfected hosts and parasite production. We combine experimentally derived thermal performance curves with field data on seasonal host abundance and parasite prevalence to parameterize an epidemiological model and forecast the dynamical responses to plausible future climate-warming scenarios. In warming scenarios within the coastal southeastern United States, the model predicts sharp declines in parasite prevalence, with local parasite extinction occurring with as little as 2 °C warming. The northern portion of the parasite’s current range could experience local increases in transmission, but assuming no thermal adaptation of the parasite, we find no evidence that the parasite will expand its range northward under warming. This work exemplifies that some host populations may experience reduced parasitism in a warming world and highlights the need to measure host and parasite thermal performance to predict infection responses to climate change.

scholarly journals Evolutionary trade-offs between baseline and plastic gene expression in two congeneric oyster species

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 20190202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Li ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guofan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Oyster Species ◽  
Trade Offs

Organismal responses to environmental stresses are a determinant of the effect of climate change. These can occur through the regulation of gene expression, involving genetic adaptation and plastic changes as evolutionary strategy. Heat shock protein ( hsp ) family genes are extensively expanded and play important roles in thermal adaptation in oysters. We investigated expression of all heat-responsive hsp s in two allopatric congeneric oyster species, Crassostrea gigas and C. angulata , which are respectively distributed along the northern and southern coasts of China, using common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments. Our results showed that hsp s in C. gigas have evolved higher basal levels of expression under ambient conditions at each field site, with lower expression plasticity in response to heat stress in comparison to C. angulata , which exhibited lower baseline expression but higher expression plasticity. This pattern was fixed regardless of environmental disturbance, potentially implying genetic assimilation. Our findings indicate divergent adaptive strategies with underlying evolutionary trade-offs between genetic adaptation and plasticity at the molecular level in two oyster congeners in the face of rapid climate change.

scholarly journals Comparative thermal performance ofOrbicella franksiat its latitudinal range limits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyssa J. Silbiger ◽  
Gretchen Goodbody-Gringley ◽  
John F. Bruno ◽  
Hollie M. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Thermal Performance Curve ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
A Site

AbstractTemperature drives biological responses that scale from the cellular to ecosystem levels and thermal sensitivity will shape organismal functions and population dynamics as the world warms. Reef building corals are sensitive to temperature due to their endosymbiotic relationship with single celled dinoflagellates, with mass mortality events increasing in frequency and magnitude. The purpose of this study was to quantify the thermal sensitivity of important physiological functions of a Caribbean reef-building coral,Orbicella franksithrough the measurement of thermal performance curves (TPCs). We compared TPC metrics (thermal optimum, critical maximum, activation energy, deactivation energy, and rate at a standardized temperature) between two populations at the northern and southern extent of the geographic range of this species. We further compared essential coral organismal processes (gross photosynthesis, respiration, and calcification) within a site to determine which function is most sensitive to thermal stress using a hierarchical Bayesian modeling approach. We found evidence for differences in thermal performance, which could be due to thermal adaptation or acclimatization, with higher TPC metrics (thermal optimum and critical maximum) in warmer Panama, compared to cooler Bermuda. We also documented the hierarchy in thermal sensitivity of essential organismal functions within a population, with respiration less sensitive than photosynthesis, which was less sensitive than calcification. Understanding thermal performance of corals is essential for projecting coral reef futures, given that key biological functions necessary to sustain coral reef ecosystems are thermally-mediated.Summary statementWe apply a thermal performance curve approach to a variety of fitness related parameters in a reef building coral across its geographic range and various functions to improve our understanding of the inherent variability in thermal tolerance.

scholarly journals A tale of two springs: using recent climate anomalies to characterize the sensitivity of temperate forest phenology to climate change

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 054006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Friedl ◽  
Josh M Gray ◽  
Eli K Melaas ◽  
Andrew D Richardson ◽  
Koen Hufkens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
Recent Climate

scholarly journals Optimizing the bioenergy water footprint by selecting SRC willow canopy phenotypes: regional scenario simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Richard ◽  
Goetz M Richter ◽  
Marianna Cerasuolo ◽  
Ian Shield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Recent Climate

Abstract Background and Aims Bioenergy is central for the future energy mix to mitigate climate change impacts; however, its intricate link with the water cycle calls for an evaluation of the carbon–water nexus in biomass production. The great challenge is to optimize trade-offs between carbon harvest and water use by choosing cultivars that combine low water use with high productivity. Methods Regional scenarios were simulated over a range of willow genotype × environment interactions for the major UK soil × climate variations with the process-based model LUCASS. Soil available water capacity (SAWC) ranged from 51 to 251 mm and weather represented the north-west (wet, cool), north-east (dry, cool), south-west (wet, warm) and south-east (dry, warm) of the UK. Scenario simulations were evaluated for small/open narrow-leaf (NL) versus large/closed broad-leaf (BL) willow canopy phenotypes using baseline (1965–89) and warmer recent (1990–2014) weather data. Key Results The low productivity under baseline climate in the north could be compensated by choosing BL cultivars (e.g. ‘Endurance’). Recent warmer climate increased average productivity by 0.5–2.5 t ha−1, especially in the north. The modern NL cultivar ‘Resolution’ had the smallest and most efficient water use. On marginal soils (SAWC <100 mm), yields remained below an economic threshold of 9 t ha−1 more frequently under baseline than recent climate. In the drought-prone south-east, ‘Endurance’ yielded less than ‘Resolution’, which consumed on average 17 mm year−1 less water. Assuming a planting area of 10 000 ha, in droughty years between 1.3 and 4.5 × 106 m3 of water could be saved, with a small yield penalty, for ‘Resolution’. Conclusions With an increase in air temperature and occasional water scarcities expected with climate change, high-yielding NL cultivars should be the preferred choice for sustainable use of marginal lands and reduced competition with agricultural food crops.

scholarly journals Life history trade-offs, the intensity of competition, and coexistence in novel and evolving communities under climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1712) ◽  
pp. 20160046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley T. Lancaster ◽  
Gavin Morrison ◽  
Robert N. Fitt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Trade Offs

The consequences of climate change for local biodiversity are little understood in process or mechanism, but these changes are likely to reflect both changing regional species pools and changing competitive interactions. Previous empirical work largely supports the idea that competition will intensify under climate change, promoting competitive exclusions and local extinctions, while theory and conceptual work indicate that relaxed competition may in fact buffer communities from biodiversity losses that are typically witnessed at broader spatial scales. In this review, we apply life history theory to understand the conditions under which these alternative scenarios may play out in the context of a range-shifting biota undergoing rapid evolutionary and environmental change, and at both leading-edge and trailing-edge communities. We conclude that, in general, warming temperatures are likely to reduce life history variation among competitors, intensifying competition in both established and novel communities. However, longer growing seasons, severe environmental stress and increased climatic variability associated with climate change may buffer these communities against intensified competition. The role of life history plasticity and evolution has been previously underappreciated in community ecology, but may hold the key to understanding changing species interactions and local biodiversity under changing climates. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences’.

Evaluation of simulated recent climate change in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bhend ◽  
Penny Whetton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Recent Climate Change ◽  
Recent Climate
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