scholarly journals GREM1 is epigenetically reprogrammed in muscle cells after exercise training and controls myogenesis and metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odile Fabre ◽  
Lorenzo Giordani ◽  
Alice Parisi ◽  
Pattarawan Pattamaprapanont ◽  
Danial Ahwazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Differentially Methylated Region ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells ◽  
Before And After

AbstractExercise training improves skeletal muscle function, notably through tissue regeneration by muscle stem cells. Here, we hypothesized that exercise training reprograms the epigenome of muscle cell, which could account for better muscle function. Genome-wide DNA methylation of myotube cultures established from middle-aged obese men before and after endurance exercise training identified a differentially methylated region (DMR) located downstream of Gremlin 1 (GREM1), which was associated with increased GREM1 expression. GREM1 expression was lower in muscle satellite cells from obese, compared to lean mice, and exercise training restored GREM1 levels to those of control animals. We show that GREM1 regulates muscle differentiation through the negative control of satellite cell self-renewal, and that GREM1 controls muscle lineage commitment and lipid oxidation through the AMPK pathway. Our study identifies novel functions of GREM1 and reveals an epigenetic mechanism by which exercise training reprograms muscle stem cells to improve skeletal muscle function.

scholarly journals Relationship between intermuscular adipose tissue infiltration and myostatin before and after aerobic exercise training

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. R461-R468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Konopka ◽  
Christopher A. Wolff ◽  
Miranda K. Suer ◽  
Matthew P. Harber
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Intermuscular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Before And After

Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is associated with impaired skeletal muscle contractile and metabolic function. Myostatin and downstream signaling proteins such as cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) contribute to the regulation of adipose and skeletal muscle mass in cell culture and animals models, but this relationship remains incompletely understood in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine if the infiltration of IMAT was associated with skeletal muscle myostatin and downstream proteins before and after 12 wk of aerobic exercise training (AET) in healthy older women (OW; 69 ± 2 yr), older men (OM; 74 ± 3 yr), and young men (YM; 20 ± 1 yr). We found that the infiltration of IMAT was correlated with myostatin and phosphorylated CDK2 at tyrosine 15 [P-CDK2(Tyr15)]. IMAT infiltration was greater in the older subjects and was associated with lower skeletal muscle function and exercise capacity. After 12 wk of AET, there was no change in body weight. Myostatin and P-CDK2(Tyr15) were both decreased after AET, and the reduction in myostatin was associated with decreased IMAT infiltration. The decrease in myostatin and IMAT occurred concomitantly with increased exercise capacity, skeletal muscle size, and function after AET. These findings demonstrate that the reduction in IMAT infiltration after AET in weight stable individuals was accompanied by improvements in skeletal muscle function and exercise capacity. Moreover, the association between myostatin and IMAT was present in the untrained state and in response to exercise training, strengthening the potential regulatory role of myostatin on IMAT.

Effects of moderate heart failure and functional overload on rat plantaris muscle

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen E. Spangenburg ◽  
Simon J. Lees ◽  
Jeff S. Otis ◽  
Timothy I. Musch ◽  
Robert J. Talmadge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Moderate Heart Failure ◽  
Plasmic Reticulum ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Isoform Expression ◽  
And Control

It is thought that changes in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) of skeletal muscle contribute to alterations in skeletal muscle function during congestive heart failure (CHF). It is well established that exercise training can improve muscle function. However, it is unclear whether similar adaptations will result from exercise training in a CHF patient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether skeletal muscle during moderate CHF adapts to increased activity, utilizing the functional overload (FO) model. Significant increases in plantaris mass of the CHF-FO and sham-FO groups compared with the CHF and control (sham) groups were observed. Ca2+ uptake rates were significantly elevated in the CHF group compared with all other groups. No differences were detected in Ca2+ uptake rates between the CHF-FO, sham, and sham-FO groups. Increases in Ca2+ uptake rates in moderate-CHF rats were not due to changes in SERCA isoform proportions; however, FO may have attenuated the CHF-induced increases through alterations in SERCA isoform expression. Therefore, changes in skeletal muscle Ca2+handling during moderate CHF may be due to alterations in regulatory mechanisms, which exercise may override, by possibly altering SERCA isoform expression.

Aerobic exercise training improves skeletal muscle function and Ca2+ handling-related protein expression in sympathetic hyperactivity-induced heart failure

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 702-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Bueno ◽  
J. C. B. Ferreira ◽  
M. G. Pereira ◽  
A. V. N. Bacurau ◽  
P. C. Brum
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Exercise Tolerance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Related Proteins

The cellular mechanisms of positive effects associated with aerobic exercise training on overall intrinsic skeletal muscle changes in heart failure (HF) remain unclear. We investigated potential Ca2+ abnormalities in skeletal muscles comprising different fiber compositions and investigated whether aerobic exercise training would improve muscle function in a genetic model of sympathetic hyperactivity-induced HF. A cohort of male 5-mo-old wild-type (WT) and congenic α2A/α2C adrenoceptor knockout (ARKO) mice in a C57BL/6J genetic background were randomly assigned into untrained and trained groups. Exercise training consisted of a 8-wk running session of 60 min, 5 days/wk (from 5 to 7 mo of age). After completion of the exercise training protocol, exercise tolerance was determined by graded treadmill exercise test, muscle function test by Rotarod, ambulation and resistance to inclination tests, cardiac function by echocardiography, and Ca2+ handling-related protein expression by Western blot. α2A/α2CARKO mice displayed decreased ventricular function, exercise intolerance, and muscle weakness paralleled by decreased expression of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release-related proteins [α1-, α2-, and β1-subunits of dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and ryanodine receptor (RyR)] and Ca2+ reuptake-related proteins [sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)1/2 and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX)] in soleus and plantaris. Aerobic exercise training significantly improved exercise tolerance and muscle function and reestablished the expression of proteins involved in sarcoplasmic Ca2+ handling toward WT levels. We provide evidence that Ca2+ handling-related protein expression is decreased in this HF model and that exercise training improves skeletal muscle function associated with changes in the net balance of skeletal muscle Ca2+ handling proteins.

scholarly journals The effects of resveratrol feeding and exercise training on the skeletal muscle function and transcriptome of aged rats

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Zhiyin Liao ◽  
Jia Jia ◽  
Jin-Liang Chen ◽  
Qian Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Kegg Pathways

This study investigated the effects of resveratrol feeding and exercise training on the skeletal muscle function and transcriptome of aged rats. Male SD rats (25 months old) were divided into the control group (Old), the daily exercise training group (Trained), and the resveratrol feeding group (Resveratrol). After 6 weeks of intervention, the body mass, grip strength, and gastrocnemius muscle mass were determined, and the muscle samples were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed followed by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG analysis. The Old group showed positive increases in body mass, while both the Trained and Resveratrol groups showed negative growth. No significant differences in the gastrocnemius muscle index and absolute grip strength were found among the three groups. However, the relative grip strength was higher in the Trained group than in the Old group. Only 21 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Trained group vs. the Old group, and 12 differentially expressed genes were identified in the Resveratrol group vs. the Old group. The most enriched GO terms in the Trained group vs. the Old group were mainly associated with RNA metabolic processes and transmembrane transporters, and the significantly upregulated KEGG pathways included mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis, drug metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. The most enriched GO terms in the Resveratrol group vs. the Old group were primarily associated with neurotransmitter transport and synaptic vesicle, and the upregulated KEGG pathways included synaptic vesicle cycle, nicotine addiction, retinol metabolism, insulin secretion, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, and glutamatergic synapse. Neither exercise training nor resveratrol feeding has a notable effect on skeletal muscle function and related gene expression in aged rats. However, both exercise training and resveratrol feeding have strong effects on weight loss, which is beneficial for reducing the exercise loads of the elderly.

scholarly journals Exercise training attenuates the hypermuscular phenotype and restores skeletal muscle function in the myostatin null mouse

2011 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Matsakas ◽  
Raymond Macharia ◽  
Anthony Otto ◽  
Mohamed I. Elashry ◽  
Etienne Mouisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Null Mouse ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function
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