Preprint server use in kidney disease research: a rapid review

AbstractPurpose of reviewPreprint servers including arXiv and bioRxiv have disrupted the scientific communication landscape by providing rapid access to pre--peer reviewed research. MedRxiv is a recently launched free online repository for preprints in the health sciences. We sought to summarize potential benefits and risks to preprint server use, from both the researcher and end--user perspective, and evaluate the uptake of preprint servers in the nephrology community.Sources of InformationWe performed a rapid review of articles describing preprint servers and their use. We approached the 20 highest impact nephrology journals regarding their policy towards the use of preprint servers. We evaluated the average time from study completion to publication of impactful articles in nephrology. Finally, we evaluated the number of nephrology articles submitted to preprint servers.FindingsTo date over 600 kidney--related articles have been uploaded to bioRxiv and medRxiv. The average time from study completion to publication was over 10 months. 16 of the top 20 nephrology journals currently accept research submitted to a preprint server. Transparency and collaboration, visibility and recognition, and rapid dissemination of results were identified as benefits of preprint servers. Concerns exist regarding the potential risk of non--peer reviewed medical research being publicly available.LimitationsPreprint servers remain a recent phenomenon in health sciences and their long-- term impact on the medical literature remains to be seen.ImplicationsThe quantity of research submitted to preprint servers is likely to continue to grow. The model for dissemination of research results will need to adapt to incorporate preprint servers.

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P106 Planning and development of a long-term digital self-management tool for osteoarthritis: the Intelligent Knee Osteoarthritis Lifestyle App

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keab247.103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Enhad A Chowdhury ◽

Victor Ceballos Inza ◽

Max J Western ◽

Nicola E Walsh ◽

James L J Bilzon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Weight Management ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Management Tool ◽

Self Management ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Supervised Exercise

Abstract Background/Aims There is strong evidence for beneficial effects of physical activity for people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). While supervised exercise programmes are effective, they are resource intensive, typically of limited duration and hard to implement at scale. More accessible options should be developed to enable individuals to adopt and maintain appropriate physically active lifestyles. Smartphone apps can monitor activity and symptoms, providing feedback to support self-management. We aimed to co-design a KOA self-management app, with physiotherapists and people experiencing KOA, to support long-term physical activity. Methods We followed the Person-Based Approach to developing health interventions. We initially undertook a rapid review of clinical exercise guidelines and KOA position statements. Views from potential app users were elicited via focus groups, to determine attitudes towards physical activity, KOA self-management technology, and identify desired app features. Physiotherapists were interviewed to establish factors that feed into physical activity advice and recommendations in a clinical context, and determine which features they deemed appropriate to incorporate into an app. We then mapped established behaviour change techniques to potential features. Combining these sources of information, we developed guiding principles, then iteratively developed and refined the app through “think aloud” interviews with potential users and interviews with physiotherapists to assess appropriateness and safety. Results Literature scoping established positive effects for a range of exercise modes, with NICE guidelines highlighting physical activity, education and weight management as core treatments for KOA. Patient focus groups highlighted uncertainty about the potential benefits and/or harms associated with physical activity, as well as confusion regarding appropriate sources of information. Patients emphasised the importance of symptom tracking and the benefits of social support as an important factor in motivation to engage in and sustain activity. Interviews with physiotherapists revealed physical and psycho-social characteristics of patients to consider when recommending physical activities. Physiotherapists and patients both expressed the necessity for activities to be tailored to individual capabilities and preferences. Conclusion The Intelligent Knee Osteoarthritis Lifestyle App (iKOALA) is an evidence-based smartphone app to support long-term self-management for individuals with KOA. The app facilitates appropriate physical activity adoption and maintenance; provides feedback from linked wearable activity trackers; gives information and intelligently tailored physical activity options from patient preferences and symptoms. Broader self-management aspects include rehabilitation exercise content, symptom tracking and alerts, weight management tools and education resources. Crucially, for long-term maintenance, the app includes forum features, fostering social relatedness among users. The app has received positive feedback from potential users in terms of usability and perceived utility. Physiotherapists have provided positive clinical impressions and validated the appropriateness of the content and features. The app is undergoing extended user testing with patients, following which, we aim to assess the effectiveness of the app in a randomised trial. Disclosure E.A. Chowdhury: None. V. Ceballos Inza: None. M.J. Western: None. N.E. Walsh: None. J.L.J. Bilzon: None. S.L. Jones: None.

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Keeping Kids in School: A Study Examining the Long-Term Impact of Afterschool Enrichment Programs on Students’ High School Dropout Rates

Journal of Contemporary Issues in Education ◽

10.20355/c58c77 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Denise Huang ◽

Kyung Sung Kim ◽

Jamie Cho ◽

Anne Marshall ◽

Patricia Perez

Keyword(s):

Dropout Rate ◽

Dropout Rates ◽

Afterschool Programs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Enrichment Programs ◽

Afterschool Program ◽

High School Dropout Rates ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Long Term Impact

Despite the potential benefits of afterschool programs, much of the related research has been limited to an examination of only their immediate or short-term effects. The LA’s BEST afterschool program has been in operation for more than 20 years, providing researchers with a unique opportunity to explore the long-term effects of afterschool programming. This study examined the dropout rates of the LA’s BEST afterschool participants and compared them to a stratified random district sample that was matched to the characteristics of the afterschool students. The results indicated that students who had participated in the afterschool program for at least three years showed a significantly lower dropout rate than the district students overall.

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A Scoping Review of the Psychological and Emotional Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Young People

Illness Crisis & Loss ◽

10.1177/10541373211047191 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105413732110471

Author(s):

K. Jones ◽

Sharon Mallon ◽

Katy Schnitzler

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Emotional Impact ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Children And Young People ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many changes to the lives of children and young people. Our aim is to explore the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of children and young people (ages 5–21). Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was used to report the findings of this rapid review. Results Children and young people are potentially very vulnerable to the emotional impact of traumatic events that disrupt their daily lives. Key areas of concern include: Death Anxiety and Fear of Infection; lack of social interaction and loss of routine. Conclusions Despite some early and responsive studies, the evidence base for pandemic impact on children and young people is very limited. Such evidence is urgently needed if adequate and responsive services, that can mitigate the long-term impact of the pandemic for children and young people can be established.

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Crisis Phones - Suicide Prevention Versus Suggestion/Contagion Effects

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000313 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 220-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven Stack

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Contagion Effects ◽

Long Term Impact

Abstract. Background: There has been no systematic work on the short- or long-term impact of the installation of crisis phones on suicides from bridges. The present study addresses this issue. Method: Data refer to 219 suicides from 1954 through 2013 on the Skyway Bridge in St. Petersburg, Florida. Six crisis phones with signs were installed in July 1999. Results: In the first decade after installation, the phones were used by 27 suicidal persons and credited with preventing 26 or 2.6 suicides a year. However, the net suicide count increased from 48 in the 13 years before installation of phones to 106 the following 13 years or by 4.5 additional suicides/year (t =3.512, p < .001). Conclusion: Although the phones prevented some suicides, there was a net increase after installation. The findings are interpreted with reference to suggestion/contagion effects including the emergence of a controversial bridge suicide blog.

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