scholarly journals Keeping Kids in School: A Study Examining the Long-Term Impact of Afterschool Enrichment Programs on Students’ High School Dropout Rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Huang ◽  
Kyung Sung Kim ◽  
Jamie Cho ◽  
Anne Marshall ◽  
Patricia Perez
Keyword(s):  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Afterschool Programs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Enrichment Programs ◽  
Afterschool Program ◽  
High School Dropout Rates ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Long Term Impact

Despite the potential benefits of afterschool programs, much of the related research has been limited to an examination of only their immediate or short-term effects. The LA’s BEST afterschool program has been in operation for more than 20 years, providing researchers with a unique opportunity to explore the long-term effects of afterschool programming. This study examined the dropout rates of the LA’s BEST afterschool participants and compared them to a stratified random district sample that was matched to the characteristics of the afterschool students. The results indicated that students who had participated in the afterschool program for at least three years showed a significantly lower dropout rate than the district students overall.

scholarly journals Long-term Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on the Quality of Life of Children with Sleep-disordered breathing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Alves Sousa Caixeta ◽  
Jessica Caixeta Silva Sampaio ◽  
Vanessa Vaz Costa ◽  
Isadora Milhomem Bruno da Silveira ◽  
Carolina Ribeiro Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction Adenotonsillectomy is the first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children. The physical benefits of this surgery are well known as well as its impact on the quality of life (QoL), mainly according to short-term evaluations. However, the long-term effects of this surgery are still unclear. Objective To evaluate the long-term impact of adenotonsillectomy on the QoL of children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Method This was a prospective non-controlled study. Children between 3 and 13 years of age with symptoms of SDB for whom adenotonsillectomy had been indicated were included. Children with comorbities were excluded. Quality of life was evaluated using the obstructive sleep apnea questionnaire (OSA-18), which was completed prior to, 10 days, 6 months, 12 months and, at least, 18 months after the procedure. For statistical analysis, p-values lower than 0.05 were defined as statistically significant. Results A total of 31 patients were enrolled in the study. The average age was 5.2 years, and 16 patients were male. The OSA-18 scores improved after the procedure in all domains, and this result was maintained until the last evaluation, done 22 ± 3 months after the procedure. Improvement in each domain was not superior to achieved in other domains. No correlation was found between tonsil or adenoid size and OSA-18 scores. Conclusion This is the largest prospective study that evaluated the long-term effects of the surgery on the QoL of children with SDB using the OSA-18. Our results show adenotonsillectomy has a positive impact in children's QoL.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Abuse in Later Life Perpetrated by Family Members

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
Naomi Meinertz ◽  
Pi-Ju Liu ◽  
Ron Acierno
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Impact

Abstract Abuse in later life could potentially lead to lower levels of social support, especially when perpetrated by family members who are charged with protecting the older adult in their care. Using both waves of the National Elder Mistreatment longitudinal data (wave one collected in 2008 and wave two in 2015; N=774), long-term effects of abuse (i.e., physical, emotional, sexual, and financial) on levels of social support, physical health, and clinical depressive symptoms for respondents at or above the age of 60 years were analyzed. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that respondents abused at wave one (n=261) by a family member (B=-0.55, p≤0.001), a spouse or ex-partner (B=-0.349, p=0.02), or a non-relative or stranger (B=-0.301, p=0.026) had lower levels of social support eight years later at wave two. Those abused by a family member at wave one also experienced higher levels of depressive symptoms at wave two (B=-0.187, p=0.01). Perpetrator type did not predict general health at wave two. These results emphasize the long-term impact of abuse on the lives of older adults and highlight the importance trusted relationships, such as with family members, have on older adult health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals The long-term impact of employment bans on the economic integration of refugees

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. eaap9519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Marbach ◽  
Jens Hainmueller ◽  
Dominik Hangartner
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Employment Gap ◽  
Welfare Expenditures ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Long Term Impact

Many European countries impose employment bans that prevent asylum seekers from entering the local labor market for a certain waiting period upon arrival. We provide evidence on the long-term effects of these employment bans on the subsequent economic integration of refugees. We leverage a natural experiment in Germany, where a court ruling prompted a reduction in the length of the employment ban. We find that, 5 years after the waiting period was reduced, employment rates were about 20 percentage points lower for refugees who, upon arrival, had to wait for an additional 7 months before they were allowed to enter the labor market. It took up to 10 years for this employment gap to disappear. Our findings suggest that longer employment bans considerably slowed down the economic integration of refugees and reduced their motivation to integrate early on after arrival. A marginal social cost analysis for the study sample suggests that this employment ban cost German taxpayers about 40 million euros per year, on average, in terms of welfare expenditures and foregone tax revenues from unemployed refugees.

scholarly journals Antenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Impairs the High-Conductance Ca 2+ -Activated K + Channels via Epigenetic Alteration at Gene Promoter in Male Offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xu ◽  
Meng Zhao ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Xiuwen Zhou ◽  
Bailin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Mesenteric Arteries ◽  
Voltage Sensitivity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
High Conductance

Objective: Antenatal exposure to glucocorticoids increases cardiovascular risks related to vascular dysfunctions in offspring, although underlying mechanisms are still unknown. As an important vascular mediator, high-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels (BK) plays an essential role in determining vascular tone. Long-term effects of antenatal glucocorticoids on BK in offspring are largely unknown. This study examined the effects and mechanisms of antenatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of glucocorticoids on vascular BK in offspring. Approach and Results: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received synthetic glucocorticoids dexamethasone or vehicle during the last week of pregnancy. Vascular functions, cellular electrophysiology, target gene expression, and promoter methylation were examined in mesenteric arteries of male offspring (gestational day 21 [fetus] and postnatal day 120 [adult offspring]). Antenatal dexamethasone exposure impaired BK activators-mediated relaxation and reduced whole-cell BK currents in mesenteric arteries. Antenatal dexamethasone exposure did not alter Ca 2+ /voltage-sensitivity of BK but downregulated the expressions of BK α and β1 subunits in both fetal and adult mesenteric arteries. In addition, increased promoter methylations within BKα and BKβ1 were compatible with reduced expressions of the 2 genes. Conclusions: Our findings showed a profound and long-term impact of antenatal dexamethasone exposure on vascular BK via an altered epigenetic pattern from fetal stage to adulthood, advancing understanding of prolonged adverse effects and mechanisms of antenatal glucocorticoids exposure on vascular health in offspring.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Impact of Preschool Health and Nutrition on Education

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S193-S201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jukes
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Supplementation ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Long Term Impact

Malnutrition and infectious diseases in infancy and early childhood have an impact on the cognitive development of children in developing countries. The long-term effects of these diseases are less well understood. A number of studies relate early malnutrition, iron deficiency, and malaria infection to poor cognitive abilities in the school-age years. The long-term effect of randomized interventions in early childhood has been evaluated for nutrition supplementation and psychosocial stimulation of malnourished children and for malaria prevention in a community cohort. The evidence suggests that improving the health and nutrition of young children can improve their subsequent chances of attending school, the gender equity of education access, and performance of children once at school.

The Long-Term Impact of Loyalty Programs on Consumer Purchase Behavior and Loyalty

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Convenience Store ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Loyalty Program ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Long Term Impact

Despite the prevalent use of loyalty programs, there is limited evidence on the long-term effects of such programs, and their effectiveness is not well established. The current research examines the long-term impact of a loyalty program on consumers' usage levels and their exclusive loyalty to the firm. Using longitudinal data from a convenience store franchise, the study shows that consumers who were heavy buyers at the beginning of a loyalty program were most likely to claim their qualified rewards, but the program did not prompt them to change their purchase behavior. In contrast, consumers whose initial patronage levels were low or moderate gradually purchased more and became more loyal to the firm. For light buyers, the loyalty program broadened their relationship with the firm into other business areas. The findings suggest a need to consider consumer idiosyncrasies when studying loyalty programs and illustrate consumers' cocreation of value in the marketing process.

scholarly journals Influence of economic restructuring on rural Missouri high school dropout rates

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lance R. Huntley
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
High School Dropout ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
High School Dropout Rates ◽  
Service Employment

This research has argued that large scale social forces can influence individual level decisions, such as the decision to leave high school before graduating. The influence of Globalization, via economic restructuring, as measured by the transition from a manufacturing based economy to an economy of services and information, was found to influence students' decisions to drop out. Structural equation models were used to analyze the rural trends taking place from a rural-regional state-wide level. Findings indicated that increases in symbolic analyst and in-person service employment decreased high school dropout rates and the increase in routine production employment increased the dropout rate. Changes in all three occupation categories affected student family characteristics during the 1980s. Increases in in-person service employment had the greatest influence on family structure characteristics. Findings regarding student perceptions of education that resulted in increases in school commitment contributed to decline in high school dropout rates while increases in the number of hours students spent working at a part-time job increased the high school dropout rate.

scholarly journals The benefit of a tough skin: bullet holes, weathering and the preservation of heritage

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Mol ◽  
M. Gomez-Heras ◽  
C. Brassey ◽  
O. Green ◽  
T. Blenkinsop
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

Projectile damage to building stone is a widespread phenomenon. Sites damaged 100 years ago during the First World War still see daily use, while in a more contemporary setting numerous reports show the damage to buildings in Babylon, Mosul and Palmyra. While research has been carried out on the long-term effects of conflict such as fire damage, little is known about the protracted damage sustained through the impact of bullets, shrapnel and other metal projectiles outside of the field of engineering focused on ceramics and metals. To investigate alterations to mineral structure caused by projectile damage, impacts were created in medium-grained, well-compacted, mesoporous sandstone samples using 0.22 calibre lead bullets shot at a distance of 20 m. Half these samples were treated with a surface consolidant (Wacker OH 100), to mimic natural cementation of the rock surface. These samples were then tested for changes to surface hardness and moisture movement during temperature cycles of 15–65°C. Petrographic thin section analysis was carried out to investigate the micro-scale deformation associated with high-speed impact. The results surprisingly show that stress build-up behind pre-existing cementation of the surface, as found in heritage sites that have been exposed to moisture and temperature fluctuations for longer periods of time, can be alleviated with a bullet impact. However, fracture networks and alteration of the mineral matrices still form a weak point within the structure, even at a relatively low impact calibre. This initial study illustrates the need for geomorphologists, geologists, engineers and heritage specialists to work collectively to gain further insights into the long-term impact of higher calibre armed warfare on heritage deterioration.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of pegvisomant on comorbidities in patients with acromegaly: a retrospective single-center study

2015 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Kuhn ◽  
Luigi Maione ◽  
Amir Bouchachi ◽  
Myriam Rozière ◽  
Sylvie Salenave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatostatin Analogues ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Cardiac Evaluation ◽  
Long Term Impact

ContextThe effect of pegvisomant on IGF1 levels in patients with acromegaly is well documented, but little is known of its long-term impact on comorbidity.AimThe aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of long-term pegvisomant therapy on cardiorespiratory and metabolic comorbidity in patients with acromegaly.Patients and methodsWe analyzed the long-term (up to 10 years) effect of pegvisomant therapy given alone (n=19, 45%) or in addition to somatostatin analogues and/or cabergoline (n=23, 55%) on echocardiographic, polysomnographic and metabolic parameters in respectively 42, 12 and 26 patients with acromegaly followed in Bicêtre hospital.ResultsAt the first cardiac evaluation, 20±16 months after pegvisomant introduction, IGF1 levels normalized in 29 (69%) of the 42 patients. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved significantly in patients whose basal LVEF was ≤60% and decreased in those whose LVEF was >70%. The left ventricular mass index (LVMi) decreased from 123±25 to 101±21 g/m2(P<0.05) in the 17 patients with a basal LVMi higher than the median (91 g/m2), while it remained stable in the other patients. Pegvisomant reduced the apnoea–hypopnea index and cured obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in four of the eight patients concerned. Long-term follow-up of 22 patients showed continuing improvements in cardiac parameters. The BMI and LDL cholesterol level increased minimally during pegvisomant therapy, and other lipid parameters were not modified.ConclusionsLong-term pegvisomant therapy not only normalizes IGF1 in a large proportion of patients but also improves cardiac and respiratory comorbidity.

A Conceptual Analysis of Rape Victimization: Long-Term Effects and Implications for Treatment

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary P. Koss ◽  
Barry R. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
And Coping

Recent prevalence studies have suggested that 15–22% of women have been raped at some point in their lives, many by close acquaintances, although few victims seek assistance services or professional psychotherapy immediately post-assault. Surveys have revealed that 31–48% of rape victims eventually sought professional psychotherapy, often years after the actual assault. These observations suggest that the primary role of clinicians in the treatment of rape victims is the identification and handling of chronic, post-traumatic responses to a nonrecent experience. However, it is concluded that most of the existing literature on rape treatment addresses only the target symptoms that represent the immediate response to rape. In this article, contemporary theoretical and empirical discussions of stress, cognitive appraisal, cognitive adaptation, and coping are used to conceptualize the long-term impact of rape and the process of resolution. Directions for future research on the clinical treatment of rape are suggested.

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