scholarly journals Evaluation of the auxiliary diagnosis value of antibodies assays for the detection of novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Yong ◽  
Yuan Yi ◽  
Li Tuantuan ◽  
Wang Xiaowu ◽  
Li Xiuyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractBackgroundThe spread of an novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, previously named 2019-nCoV) has already taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. Elucidating the diagnostic value of different methods, especially the auxiliary diagnosis value of antibodies assays for SARS-CoV-2 infection is helpful for improving the sensitivities of pathogenic-diagnosis, providing timely treatment, and differentiating the infected cases from the healthy, thus preventing further epidemics.MethodsMedical records from 38 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Second People’s Hospital of Fuyang from January 22, 2020 to February 28, 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Specimens including throat swabs, sputum and serum were collected during the hospitalization period, viral RNAs and serum IgM-IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were measured respectively. The detectability of different methods as well as the auxiliary diagnosis value of antibodies test for SARS-CoV-2 infection were analyzed.ResultsAmong 38 patients, the total seropositive rate for IgM and IgG was 50.0% and 92.1%, respectively. Two patients remained seronegative throughout the course of illness. In the early phase of illness, the RNA test for sputum specimens possessed the highest detectability(92.3%), followed by the the RNA test for throat swabs (69.2%), and the antibodies assays presented lower positive rates(IgM, 23.0%, IgG, 53.8%). While, the sensitivity of antibodies assays overtook that of RNA test since day 8 after onset (IgM, 50.0%; IgG, 87.5%). Of note, the positive rate of throat swabs was only 13.0% for cases in later phase(≥15 d.a.o), and the sensitivities of IgM and IgG rose to 52.2% and 91.3%, respectively. Combined use of antibodies assay and qRT-PCR at the same time was able to improve the sensitivities of pathogenic-diagnosis, especially for the throat swabs group at the later stage of illness. Moreover, most of these cases with undetectable viral RNA in throat swabs specimens at the early stage of illness were able to be IgM/IgG seropositive after 7 days.ConclusionsThe antibodies detection against SARS-CoV-2 offers vital clinical information for physicians, and could be used as an effective supplementary indicator for suspected cases of negative viral nucleic acid detection or in conjunction with nucleic acid detection in the diagnosis of suspected cases.

scholarly journals Comparison of throat swabs and sputum specimens for viral nucleic acid detection in 52 cases of novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyao Lin ◽  
Jie Xiang ◽  
Mingzhe Yan ◽  
Hongze Li ◽  
Shuang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractObjectivesIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China. Laboratory-based diagnostic tests utilized real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on throat samples. This study evaluated the diagnostic value to analyzing throat and sputum samples in order to improve accuracy and detection efficiency.MethodsPaired specimens of throat swabs and sputum were obtained from 54 cases, and RNA was extracted and tested for 2019-nCoV (equated with SARS-CoV-2) by the RT-PCR assay.ResultsThe positive rates of 2019-nCoV from sputum specimens and throat swabs were 76.9% and 44.2%, respectively. Sputum specimens showed a significantly higher positive rate than throat swabs in detecting viral nucleic acid using the RT-PCR assay (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThe detection rates of 2019-nCoV from sputum specimens were significantly higher than those from throat swabs. We suggest that sputum would benefit for the detection of 2019-nCoV in patients who produce sputum. The results can facilitate the selection of specimens and increase the accuracy of diagnosis.

scholarly journals Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Zhao ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Haiyan Wang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xuejiao Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SummaryBackgroundThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus. The antibody response in infected patient remains largely unknown, and the clinical values of antibody testing have not been fully demonstrated.MethodsA total of 173 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Their serial plasma samples (n = 535) collected during the hospitalization period were tested for total antibodies (Ab), IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoassays. The dynamics of antibodies with the progress and severity of disease was analyzed.ResultsAmong 173 patients, the seroconversion rate for Ab, IgM and IgG was 93.1% (161/173), 82.7% (143/173) and 64.7% (112/173), respectively. Twelve patients who had not seroconverted were those only blood samples at the early stage of illness were collected. The seroconversion sequentially appeared for Ab, IgM and then IgG, with a median time of 11, 12 and 14 days, respectively. The presence of antibodies was < 40% among patients in the first 7 days of illness, and then rapidly increased to 100.0%, 94.3% and 79.8% for Ab, IgM and IgG respectively since day 15 after onset. In contrast, the positive rate of RNA decreased from 66.7% (58/87) in samples collected before day 7 to 45.5% (25/55) during days 15 to 39. Combining RNA and antibody detections significantly improved the sensitivity of pathogenic diagnosis for COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001), even in early phase of 1-week since onset (p = 0.007). Moreover, a higher titer of Ab was independently associated with a worse clinical classification (p = 0.006).ConclusionsThe antibody detection offers vital clinical information during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings provide strong empirical support for the routine application of serological testing in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of throat swabs and sputum specimens for viral nucleic acid detection in 52 cases of novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) infected pneumonia (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyao Lin ◽  
Jie Xiang ◽  
Mingzhe Yan ◽  
Hongze Li ◽  
Shuang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Viral Nucleic Acid ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractBackgroundIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, China. Diagnostic test based on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR) was the main means of confirmation, and sample collection was mostly throat swabs, which was easy to miss the diagnosis. It is necessary to seek specimen types with higher detection efficiency and accuracy.MethodsPaired specimens of throat swabs and sputum were obtained from 54 cases, and RNA was extracted and tested for 2019-nCoV (equated with SARS-CoV-2) by qRT-PCR assay.ResultsThe positive rates of 2019-nCoV from sputum specimens and throat swabs were 76.9% and 44.2%, respectively. Sputum specimens showed a significantly higher positive rate than throat swabs in detecting viral nucleic acid using qRT-PCR assay (P=0.001).ConclusionsThe detection rates of 2019-nCoV from sputum specimens are significantly higher than throat swabs. We suggest that sputum would benefit for the detection of 2019-nCoV in patients who produce sputum. The results can facilitate the selection of specimens and increase the accuracy of diagnosis.

The Sampling Locations are Closely Related to the Positive Rate of Novel Coronavirus Nucleic Acid Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (06/2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daming Wang ◽  
Hongfu Wang ◽  
Shaobo Li ◽  
Tingyu Ren ◽  
Zhaopeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients of long courses infected with SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunli Wang ◽  
Liya Huang ◽  
Weiwei Lu ◽  
Guoxi Chen ◽  
Yuyang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background: Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported. A few studies reported clinical course of illness of median 22 days, including viral shedding of median 20 days, but there are several cases with a longer time of viral shedding.Methods: In this retrospective, single-centre cohort study, we included four cases with a longer course of illness of more than 40 days with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or still in hospital by March 15, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records. We describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and the course of viral shedding.Results: Of the four patients, one was discharged and the other three were still in hospital. Two patients had comorbidity, one with hypertension and one with diabetes. We found smoking is not an independent risk factor . And D-Dimer maybe relates to severity of illness but not course of illness. Decreased lymphocyte count had a slow recovery process in three patients. elevated eosinophils count in all patients suggest maybe elevated eosinophils count was a reason of long course. Nucleic acid detection suggests maybe more sampling sites represent more virus replication sites and longer course illness.Conclusion: In this study we find some non-critical severe relatively young patients with sustained non-negative with nucleic acid detection whose character is different from former studies described. Of course, it needs much more cases to further study. It’s hoped to provide strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of IgM and IgG test for diagnosis of highly suspected COVID-19 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingwang Jia ◽  
Pengjun Zhang ◽  
Yaping Tian ◽  
Junli Wang ◽  
Huadong Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Nucleic Acid Test ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Acid Test ◽  
Positive Groups

AbstractQuick, simple and accurate diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 is very important for the screening and therapy of patients. Although several methods were performed in clinical practice, however, the IgM and IgG diagnostic value evaluation was little performed. 57 suspected COVID-19 infection patients were enrolled in our study. 24 patients with positive and 33 patients with negative nucleic acid test. The positive rate of COVID-19 nucleic acid was 42.10%. The positive detection rate of combination of IgM and IgG for patients with COVID-19 negative and positive nucleic acid test was 72.73% and 87.50%. The results were significantly higher than the nucleic acid or IgM, IgG single detection. hsCRP in the COVID-19 nucleic acid negative group showed significantly higher than the positive groups (P=0.0298). AST in the COVID-19 IgM negative group showed significantly lower than the positive groups (P=0.0365). We provided a quick, simple, accurate aided detection method for the suspected patients and on-site screening in close contact with the population.

scholarly journals Is Pool Testing Method of COVID-19 Employed in Germany and India Effective?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Kefan Xie ◽  
Xiaohong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Optimal Sample ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Test Result

Abstract At present, several countries, such as Germany and India, have employed a pool testing method on the nucleic acid testing of COVID-19 for the shortage of detection kits. In this method, the testing is performed on several samples of the cases together as a bunch. If the test result of the bunch is negative, then it is shown that none of the cases in the bunch has been infected with the novel coronavirus. On the contrary, if the test result of the bunch is positive, then the samples are tested one by one to confirm which cases are infected. We verified that the pool testing method of COVID-19 is effective in the situation of the shortage of nucleic acid detection kits based on probabilistic modeling. Moreover, the following interesting results are also obtained. (1) If the infection rate is extremely low, while the same number of detection kits are used, the expected number of cases that can be tested by the pool testing method is far more than that by the one-by-one testing method. (2) The pool testing method is effective only when the infection rate is less than 0.3078. While the infection rate decreases from 0.3078 to 0.0018, the optimal sample sizes in one bunch increases from 3 to 25. In general, the higher the infection rate, the smaller the optimal sample size in one bunch. (3) If N samples are tested by the pool testing method, while the sample size in one bunch is G, the number of detection kits required is in the interval (N/G, N). Additionally, the lower the infection rate, the fewer detection kits are needed. Therefore, the pool testing method is not only suitable for the situation of the shortage of detection kits, but also the situation of the overall or sampling detection for a large population.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid testing of children with 2019 coronavirus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-gan Wang ◽  
Hai-rong Cui ◽  
Hua-bo Tang ◽  
Xiu-li Deng
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Positive Rate

Abstract In order to understand the clinical manifestations and incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children and discuss the importance of fecal nucleic acid testing.We retrospectively analyzed studies on gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal nucleic acid detection in pediatric COVID-19 patients from January 1, 2020 to August 10, 2020, including prospective clinical studies and case reports. The results of fecal nucleic acid detection were analyzed systematically. Stata12.0 software was used for meta-analysis.The results showed that the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in children with COVID-19 were vomiting and diarrhea, with a total incidence of 17.7% (95% Cl 13.9–21.5%). However, the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in other countries (21.1%, 95% CI 16.5–25.7%) was higher compared to China (12.9%, 95% CI 8–17.7%). In Wuhan, the pooled prevalence was much higher (41.3%, 95% CI 3.2–79.4%) compared to areas outside Wuhan in China (7.1%, 95% CI 4.0–10.3%). The positive rate of fecal nucleic acid testing in COVID-19 children was relatively high at 85.8% (91/106). Additionally, 71.2% (52/73) were still positive for fecal nucleic acid after respiratory tract specimens turned negative. One and two weeks after the respiratory tract specimens turned nucleic acid-negative, 45.2% (33/73) and 34.2% (25/73) patients, respectively, remained fecal nucleic acid-positive. The longest interval between the respiratory tract specimens turning negative and fecal specimens turning negative exceeded 70 days. Conclusions and relevance: gastrointestinal symptoms in pediatric COVID-19 are relatively common. Attention should be paid to the detection of fecal nucleic acids in children. Fecal nucleic acid-negative status should be considered as one of the desegregation standards.

Yogurt reduces the risk of infection of COVID—19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-28
Author(s):  
Lei Hui ◽  
Xiang Tao
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Positive Rate

Objective: To investigate whether yogurt reduces the risk of infection of COVID—19. Methods: 10000 citizens in Wuhan who drink yogurt every day and 10000 citizens in Wuhan who do not drink yogurt were retrospective reviewed by telephone follow-up. Results: The positive rate of COVID—19 nucleic acid detection was 0.13% among the 10000 people in Wuhan who drink yogurt every day. The positive rate of COVID—19 nucleic acid detection was 7.89% among the 10000 people in Wuhan who do not drink yogurt. The COVID—19 infection rate of the citizens who drink yogurt every day is significantly lower than that of the citizens who do not drink yogurt. Conclusion: Yogurt reduces the risk of infection of COVID—19.

scholarly journals A case of SARS-CoV-2 carrier for 32 days with several times false negative nucleic acid tests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingjie Song ◽  
Guibao Xiao ◽  
Xianqin Zhang ◽  
Zhan Gao ◽  
Shixia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Nucleic Acid Tests

AbstractIn 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was first discovered in Wuhan, Hubei, China, causing severe respiratory disease in humans, and has been identified as a public health emergency of international concern. With the spread of the virus, there are more and more false negative cases of RT-PCR nucleic acid detection in the early stage of potential infection. In this paper, we collected the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations, outcomes, laboratory results and images of a SARS-CoV-2 carrier with no significant past medical history. The patient was quarantined because of her colleague had been diagnosed. After the onset of clinical symptoms, chest CT results showed patchy ground-glass opacity (GGO) in her lungs, but it took a total of nine nucleic acid tests to confirm the diagnosis, among which the first eight RT-PCR results were negative or single-target positive. In addition to coughing up phlegm during her stay in the hospital, she did not develop chills, fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other clinical symptoms. Since initial antiviral treatment, the lung lesions were absorbed. But the sputum nucleic acid test was still positive. In combination with antiviral and immune therapy, the patient tested negative for the virus. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 was detected only in the lower respiratory tract samples (sputum) throughout the diagnosis and treatment period. This is a confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with common symptoms, and her diagnosis has undergone multiple false negatives, suggesting that it is difficult to identify certain carriers of the virus and that such patients may also increase the spread of the SARS-CoV-2.

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