scholarly journals Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes from Southern California Reveals Community Transmission Pathways in the Early Stage of the US COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
John Paul Govindavari ◽  
Brian Davis ◽  
Stephanie Chen ◽  
Jong Taek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
York State ◽  
The Us

AbstractGiven the higher mortality rate and widespread phenomenon of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) within the United States (US) population, understanding the mutational pattern of SARS CoV-2 has global implications for detection and therapy to prevent further escalation. Los Angeles has become an epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the US. Efforts to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 require identifying its genetic and geographic variation and understanding the drivers of these differences. For the first time, we report genetic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genome isolates in the Los Angeles population using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). Samples collected at Cedars Sinai Medical Center were collected from patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We identified and diagnosed 192 patients by our in-house qPCR assay. In this population, the highest frequency variants were in known mutations in the 5’UTR, AA193 protein, RdRp and the spike glycoprotein. SARS-CoV-2 transmission within the local community was tracked by integrating mutation data with patient postal codes with two predominant community spread clusters being identified. Notably, significant viral genomic diversity was identified. Less than 10% of the Los Angeles community samples resembled published mutational profiles of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from China, while >50% of the isolates shared closely similarities to those from New York State. Based on these findings we conclude SARS-CoV-2 was likely introduced into the Los Angeles community predominantly from New York State but also via multiple other independent transmission routes including but not limited to Washington State and China.

scholarly journals New York State and the Nation: Trends in Firearm Purchases and Firearm Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482095482
Author(s):  
Megan R. Donnelly ◽  
Philip S. Barie ◽  
Areg Grigorian ◽  
Catherine M. Kuza ◽  
Sebastian Schubl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
York State ◽  
Firearm Violence ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background The impacts of social stressors on violence during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are unknown. We hypothesized that firearm purchases and violence would increase surrounding the pandemic. This study determined the impact of COVID-19 and shelter-in-place (SIP) orders on firearm purchases and incidents in the United States (US) and New York State (NYS). Methods Scatterplots reflected trends in firearm purchases, incidents, and deaths over a 16-month period (January 2019 to April 2020). Bivariate comparisons of SIP and non-SIP jurisdictions before and after SIP (February 2020 vs. April 2020) and April 2020 vs. April 2019 were performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Results The incidence of COVID-19 in the US increased between February and April 2020 from 24 to 1 067 660 and in NYS from 0 to 304 372. When comparing February to March to April in the US, firearm purchases increased 33.6% then decreased 22.0%, whereas firearm incidents increased 12.2% then again increased by 3.6% and firearm deaths increased 23.8% then decreased in April by 3.8%. In NYS, comparing February to March to April 2020, firearm purchases increased 87.6% then decreased 54.8%, firearm incidents increased 110.1% then decreased 30.8%, and firearm deaths increased 57.1% then again increased by 6.1%. In both SIP and non-SIP jurisdictions, April 2020 firearm purchases, incidents, deaths, and injuries were similar to April 2019 and February 2020 (all P = NS). Discussion Coronavirus disease 2019–related stressors may have triggered an increase in firearm purchases nationally and within NYS in March 2020. Firearm incidents also increased in NYS. SIP orders had no effect on firearm purchases and firearm violence.

NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State Department ◽  
York State ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Nursing Directors

The Institutes for Physicians and Nurses in the Care of Premature Infants at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, under the sponsorship of the New York State Department of Health and the United States Children's Bureau, will begin their ninth year of operation in the fall of 1957. These Institutes are designed to meet the needs of physicians and nurses in charge of hospital premature nurseries and special premature centers, and of medical and nursing directors and consultants in state and local premature programs. The attendance at each Institute is limited to six physician-nurse teams. The program for physicians is of 2 weeks' duration and that for nurses of 4 weeks' duration.

NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1027
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State Department ◽  
York State ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Nursing Directors

In the fall of 1965, the Institutes for Physicians and Nurses in the Care of Premature Infants at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical center, under the sponsorship of the New York State Department of Health and the United States Children's Bureau, wi1l begin their seventeenth year of operation. The institutes are designed to meet the needs of physicians and nurses in charge of hospital premature nurseries and special premature centers, and of medical and nursing directors and consultants in state and local premature programs.

scholarly journals Epidemic Model Guided Machine Learning for COVID-19 Forecasts in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Difan Zou ◽  
Lingxiao Wang ◽  
Pan Xu ◽  
Jinghui Chen ◽  
Weitong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
New York ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
York State ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Us

AbstractWe propose a new epidemic model (SuEIR) for forecasting the spread of COVID-19, including numbers of confirmed and fatality cases at national and state levels in the United States. Specifically, the SuEIR model is a variant of the SEIR model by taking into account the untested/unreported cases of COVID-19, and trained by machine learning algorithms based on the reported historical data. Besides providing basic projections for confirmed and fatality cases, the proposed SuEIR model is also able to predict the peak date of active cases, and estimate the basic reproduction number (). In particular, the forecasts based on our model suggest that the peak date of the US, New York state, and California state are 06/01/2020, 05/10/2020, and 07/01/2020 respectively. In addition, the estimated of the US, New York state, and California state are 2.5, 3.6 and 2.2 respectively. The prediction results for all states in the US can be found on our project website: https://covid19.uclaml.org, which are updated on a weekly basis, and have been adopted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for COVID-19 death forecasts (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/forecasting-us.html).

scholarly journals A statewide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in New York

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Lasek-Nesselquist ◽  
Navjot Singh ◽  
Alexis Russell ◽  
Daryl Lamson ◽  
John Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
York State ◽  
Multiple Introductions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Westchester County

AbstractNew York State, in particular the New York City metropolitan area, was the early epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. Similar to initial pandemic dynamics in many metropolitan areas, multiple introductions from various locations appear to have contributed to the swell of positive cases. However, representation and analysis of samples from New York regions outside the greater New York City area were lacking, as were SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the earliest cases associated with the Westchester County outbreak, which represents the first outbreak recorded in New York State. The Wadsworth Center, the public health laboratory of New York State, sought to characterize the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across the entire state of New York from March to September with the addition of over 600 genomes from under-sampled and previously unsampled New York counties and to more fully understand the breadth of the initial outbreak in Westchester County. Additional sequencing confirmed the dominance of B.1 and descendant lineages (collectively referred to as B.1.X) in New York State. Community structure, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses suggested that the Westchester outbreak was associated with continued transmission of the virus throughout the state, even after travel restrictions and the on-pause measures of March, contributing to a substantial proportion of the B.1 transmission clusters as of September 30th, 2020.

scholarly journals Unseasonal Transmission of H3N2 Influenza A Virus During the Swine-Origin H1N1 Pandemic

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 5715-5718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Ghedin ◽  
David E. Wentworth ◽  
Rebecca A. Halpin ◽  
Xudong Lin ◽  
Jayati Bera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
York State ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
H3n2 Influenza

ABSTRACT The initial wave of swine-origin influenza A virus (pandemic H1N1/09) in the United States during the spring and summer of 2009 also resulted in an increased vigilance and sampling of seasonal influenza viruses (H1N1 and H3N2), even though they are normally characterized by very low incidence outside of the winter months. To explore the nature of virus evolution during this influenza “off-season,” we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of H1N1 and H3N2 sequences sampled during April to June 2009 in New York State. Our analysis revealed that multiple lineages of both viruses were introduced and cocirculated during this time, as is typical of influenza virus during the winter. Strikingly, however, we also found strong evidence for the presence of a large transmission chain of H3N2 viruses centered on the south-east of New York State and which continued until at least 1 June 2009. These results suggest that the unseasonal transmission of influenza A viruses may be more widespread than is usually supposed.

THE PEDIATRICIAN AND THE PUBLIC

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
GEORGE BAEHR ◽  
NEVA R. DEARDORFF
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
New York State ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Group Practice ◽  
York State ◽  
Medical Groups ◽  
The Family

1. Under a comprehensive system of prepaid medical care (HIP), the services of qualified pediatricians, as well as of laboratories, clinical specialists, and visiting nurses have been made available to children without any extra charges to prevent their full utilization. 2. The 63,500 children under 15 years of age enrolled in HIP on March 1, 1951, constituted 24.5% of the total insured population on that date (259,170). Of these 36.0% were under 5 years, 34.6% between 5 and 9 years and 29.4% were aged 10 to 14. 3. Of the 5,500 children born into HIP since it was established four years ago, 90% were delivered by qualified obstetricians. 4. Since 1949 all infants are routinely under the care of a qualified pediatrician at least until the end of the first year of life, 48.5% of HIP children are cared for by pediatricians to school age, and almost 32% receive all their routine care from pediatricians to the age of puberty. 5. Of the 62 qualified pediatricians on the staffs of the 30 HIP medical groups, 40 are diplomates of the American Board of Pediatrics. 6. HIP has one pediatrician for each 1,025 enrolled children under 15. This is 2½ times the proportionate number available to children living in the larger urban centers of New York State, assuming that all of the pediatricians in the State are located in such areas. 7. In medical groups in which pediatricians provide child care to puberty, the proportion of home visiting is high as compared with their medical center, office, and hospital services; 34% of their services are home calls, 59% medical center or office calls, and 7% are rendered in the hospital. The pediatricians who serve chiefly as consultants do much less home visiting (8.4% of their total services) but provide a much higher percentage of medical center and office services (79.3%) and also a higher proportion (12.3%) of their services in the hospital. 8. Children under one year average 13.1 physicians' services per year, many of a purely preventive nature. Age-specific utilization rates have been computed for the 1948 experience on 500,000 physician services and are reported in this paper. 9. HIP's neonatal mortality rate was about 9 per 1,000 live births, whereas the rate of New York City as a whole during the same year was 20 per 1,000, of New York State 20.7 per 1,000, and of the country about 25 per 1,000. 10. An analysis is reported in this paper of HIP's experience with pediatric surgery during the last six months of 1949, which included 1,528 surgical procedures in relation to 27,925 enrollee years of children. 11. Although consultant services of psychiatrists can be provided under a comprehensive system of prepaid group practice, the pediatricians of the medical group must continue to carry the responsibility, as in any other system of medical care, for that large part of medical practice which is concerned with the behavior and emotional problems of childhood. In comprehensive group practice it has therefore been found desirable for the pediatrician to relieve the family physician of the routine care of young children in the family, at least during infancy and the preschool period.

NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
New York State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atlantic City ◽  
York State Department ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Executive Council ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
President Elect

Officers Elected: At the annual meeting of the Ambulatory Pediatric Association in Atlantic City in April 1970, the following officers and members of the Executive Council were elected: President John H. Kennell, President Elect Donald L. Fink, Executive Council Members: Ray E. Helfer and Roland B. Scott. Institites for Physicians and Nurses in the Care of Premature and Other Highrisk Infants, sponsored by the New York State Department of Health and the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and conducted at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center five times during the academic year, will begin in September, 1970.

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