scholarly journals Symbiont-mediated fly survival is independent of defensive symbiont genotype in the Drosophila melanogaster-Spiroplasma-wasp interaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan E. Jones ◽  
Gregory D. D. Hurst
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Leptopilina Heterotoma ◽  
Leptopilina Boulardi ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Per Se

AbstractWhen a parasite attacks an insect, the outcome is commonly modulated by the presence of defensive heritable symbionts residing within the insect host. Previous studies noted markedly different strengths of Spiroplasma-mediated fly survival following attack by the same strain of wasp. One difference between the two studies was the strain of Spiroplasma used. We therefore performed a common garden laboratory experiment to assess whether Spiroplasma-mediated protection depends upon the strain of Spiroplasma. We perform this analysis using the two strains of male-killing Spiroplasma used previously, and examined response to challenge by two strains of Leptopilina boulardi and two strains of Leptopilina heterotoma wasp. We found no evidence Spiroplasma strain affected fly survival following wasp attack. In contrast, analysis of the overall level of protection, including the fecundity of survivors of wasp attack, did indicate the two Spiroplasma strains tested varied in protective efficiency against three of the four wasp strains tested. These data highlight the sensitivity of symbiont-mediated protection phenotypes to laboratory conditions, and the importance of common garden comparison. Our results also indicate that Spiroplasma strains can vary in protective capacity in Drosophila, but these differences may exist in the relative performance of survivors of wasp attack, rather than in survival of attack per se.

scholarly journals Mapping candidate genes for Drosophila melanogaster resistance to the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HITA ◽  
E. ESPAGNE ◽  
F. LEMEUNIER ◽  
L. PASCUAL ◽  
Y. CARTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Leptopilina Boulardi

Drosophila melanogaster resistance against the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi is under the control of a single gene (Rlb), with two alleles, the resistant one being dominant. Using strains bearing deletions, we previously demonstrated that the 55E2–E6; 55F3 region on chromosome 2R is involved in the resistance phenomenon. In this paper, we first restricted the Rlb containing region by mapping at the molecular level the breakpoints of the Df(2R)Pc66, Df(2R)P34 and Df(2R)Pc4 deficiencies, using both chromosomal in situ hybridization and Southern analyses. The resistance gene was localized in a 100 kb fragment, predicted to contain about 10 different genes. Male recombination genetic experiments were then performed, leading to identification of two possible candidates for the Rlb gene. Potential involvement of one of this genes, edl/mae, is discussed.

scholarly journals Addicted? Reduced host resistance in populations with defensive symbionts

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1833) ◽  
pp. 20160778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Martinez ◽  
Rodrigo Cogni ◽  
Chuan Cao ◽  
Sophie Smith ◽  
Christopher J. R. Illingworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Insect Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Insect Genome ◽  
Resistant Allele ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance

Heritable symbionts that protect their hosts from pathogens have been described in a wide range of insect species. By reducing the incidence or severity of infection, these symbionts have the potential to reduce the strength of selection on genes in the insect genome that increase resistance. Therefore, the presence of such symbionts may slow down the evolution of resistance. Here we investigated this idea by exposing Drosophila melanogaster populations to infection with the pathogenic Drosophila C virus (DCV) in the presence or absence of Wolbachia , a heritable symbiont of arthropods that confers protection against viruses. After nine generations of selection, we found that resistance to DCV had increased in all populations. However, in the presence of Wolbachia the resistant allele of pastrel —a gene that has a major effect on resistance to DCV—was at a lower frequency than in the symbiont-free populations. This finding suggests that defensive symbionts have the potential to hamper the evolution of insect resistance genes, potentially leading to a state of evolutionary addiction where the genetically susceptible insect host mostly relies on its symbiont to fight pathogens.

scholarly journals Genetic Localization of a Drosophila melanogaster Resistance Gene to a Parasitoid Wasp and Physical Mapping of the Region

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-481
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Hita ◽  
Maryléne Poirié ◽  
Nathalie Leblanc ◽  
Francoise Lemeunier ◽  
Francoise Lutcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Restriction Map ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Restriction Fragments ◽  
Leptopilina Boulardi ◽  
The Right

Drosophila melanogaster larvae usually react against eggs of the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi by surrounding them with a multicellular melanotic capsule. The genetic determinism of this response has been studied previously using susceptible (non-capsule-forming) and resistant (capsule-forming) strains. The results suggest that differences in their encapsulation response involve a single gene, resistance to Leptopilina boulardi(Rlb), with two alleles, the resistant one being dominant.Rlb confers specific protection against Leptopilina boulardi and is thus probably involved in parasitoid recognition. Recent studies have localized this gene on the right arm of the second chromosome and our aim was to precisely determine its genetic and molecular location. Using strains bearing deletions, we demonstrated that resistance to Leptopilina boulardi is conferred by the55C; 55F3 region and that the 55E2–E6; F3 region is particularly involved. A physical map of the 55C;56A region was then constructed, based on a set of overlapping cosmid and P1 phage clones. Using single and double digests, cross hybridization of restriction fragments, and location of genetically mapped genes and STSs, a complete, five-enzyme restriction map of this 830-kb region was obtained.

scholarly journals The fitness consequences of P element insertion in Drosophila melanogaster

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Eanes ◽  
Cedric Wesley ◽  
Jody Hey ◽  
David Houle ◽  
James W. Ajioka
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
African Population ◽  
P Element ◽  
Insertion Event ◽  
Element Insertion ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Per Se

SummaryIn this study we estimate the frequency at which P-element insertion events, as identified by in situ hybridization, generate lethal and mild viability mutations. The frequency of lethal mutations generated per insertion event was 0·004. Viability dropped an average of 1% per insertion event. Our results indicate that it is deletions and rearrangements resulting from the mobilization of P elements already in place and not the insertions per se that cause the drastic effects on viability and fitness observed in most studies of P–M dysgenesis-derived mutations. Elements of five other families (I, copia, 412, B104, and gypsy) were not mobilized in these crosses. Finally, we contrast the density of P elements on the X chromosome with the density on the four autosomal arms in a collection of thirty genomes from an African population. The relative number of P elements on the X chromosome is too high to be explained by either a hemizygous selection or a neutrality model. The possible reasons for the failure to detect selection are discussed.

scholarly journals THE GENETIC ANALYSIS OF A UNIQUELY DOSE-SENSITIVE CHROMOSOMAL REGION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
R E Denell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Segmental Aneuploidy ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Linkage Relationships

ABSTRACT In their extensive analysis of the effects of segmental aneuploidy on development to the adult stage, Lindsley and Sandler et al. (1972) identified salivary chromosome region 83D-E as apparently uniquely dose-sensitive. Neither the hypoploid nor hyperploid classes appeared to survive to the adult stage, although segmental hyperploidy of all other regions of the genome is compatible with normal or quasi-normal development. In the present investigation, this genetic behavior is shown to be a concomitant of region 83D-E itself, and independent of the particular Y-autosome translocations utilized to generate aneuploid classes. Newly induced chromosomal duplications including 83D-E are recovered by their ability to complement the corresponding deficiency; these aberrations indicate that the phenomenon depends on genetic dosage per se and is independent of linkage relationships. Further tests involving the generation of large numbers of aneuploid zygotes support the conclusion that these individuals very rarely and possibly never survive to the adult stage. Finally, crosses yielding hypertriploid females and intersexes indicate that these aneuploids often survive and, in the former case, are fertile. No viable hypotriploid female or intersex was recovered.

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