Multi-scale predictions distinctively modulate tone perception in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyin Yang ◽  
Hao Zhu ◽  
Lingfang Yu ◽  
Weihong Lu ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Multiple Timescales ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

AbstractsAuditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are one of the most pronounced symptoms that manifest the underlying mechanisms of deficits in schizophrenia. Cognitive models postulate that malfunctioned source monitoring incorrectly weights the top-down prediction and bottom-up sensory processing and causes hallucinations. Here, we investigate the featural-temporal characteristics of source monitoring in AVHs. Schizophrenia patients with and without AVHs, and healthy controls identified target tones in noise at the end of tone sequences. Predictions of different timescales were manipulated by either an alternating pattern in the preceding tone sequences, or a repetition between the target tone and the tone immediately before. The sensitivity index, d’, was obtained to assess the modulation of predictions on tone identification. We found that patients with AVHs showed higher d’ when the target tones conformed to the long-term regularity of alternating pattern in the preceding tone sequence than that when the targets were inconsistent with the pattern. Whereas, the short-term regularity of repetitions modulated the tone identification in patients without AVHs. Predictions did not influence tone identification in healthy controls. These findings suggest that malfunctioned source monitoring in AVHs heavily weights predictions to form incorrect perception. The weighting function in source monitoring can extend to the process of basic tonal features, and predictions at multiple timescales differentially modulate perception in different clinical populations. These collaboratively reveal the featural and temporal characteristics of weighting function in source monitoring of AVHs and suggest that the malfunctioned interaction between top-down and bottom-up processes might underlie the development of auditory hallucinations.HighlightsMalfunctioned source monitoring incorrectly weights the top-down prediction and bottom-up sensory processing underlie pathogenesis of auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia.The weighting function in top-down predictions and bottom-up sensory processing can extend to tonal features.Predictions at multiple timescales differentially modulate perception in different clinical schizophrenia populations.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Top-Down Control Deficits in Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Go/NoGo Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Sun ◽  
Yehua Fang ◽  
Yongyan Shi ◽  
Lifeng Wang ◽  
Xuemei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Parietal Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
P3 Amplitude

Objective: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), with unclear mechanisms, cause extreme distresses to schizophrenia patients. Deficits of inhibitory top-down control may be linked to AVH. Therefore, in this study, we focused on inhibitory top-down control in schizophrenia patients with AVH.Method: The present study recruited 40 schizophrenia patients, including 20 AVH patients and 20 non-AVH patients, and 23 healthy controls. We employed event-related potentials to investigate the N2 and P3 amplitude and latency differences among these participants during a Go/NoGo task.Results: Relative to healthy controls, the two patient groups observed longer reaction time (RT) and reduced accuracy. The two patient groups had smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the healthy controls, and the AVH patients showed smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the non-AVH patients. In all the groups, the parietal area showed smaller NoGo P3 than frontal and central areas. However, no significant difference was found in N2 and Go P3 amplitude between the three groups.Conclusions: AVH patients might have worse inhibitory top-down control, which might be involved in the occurrence of AVH. Hopefully, our results could enhance understanding of the pathology of AVH.

Representation of affect in sensory cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Miskovic ◽  
Karl Kuntzelman ◽  
Junichi Chikazoe ◽  
Adam K. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
External World ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Affective Influences ◽  
Affective Dimensions ◽  
Physical Dimensions

AbstractContemporary neuroscience suggests that perception is perhaps best understood as a dynamically iterative process that does not honor cleanly segregated “bottom-up” or “top-down” streams. We argue that there is substantial empirical support for the idea that affective influences infiltrate the earliest reaches of sensory processing and even that primitive internal affective dimensions (e.g., goodness-to-badness) are represented alongside physical dimensions of the external world.

Gamma rhythms as liminal operators in sensory processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-808
Author(s):  
Miles A. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Gamma Rhythms

Gamma rhythms are associated with external and internal sensory processing. Within the conceptual framework of “top-down” and “bottom-up” processing, this suggests that gamma represents a format common to both camps. As these oscillations facilitate communication in the temporal domain, they may represent a mechanism by which top-down and bottom-up processing can interact. A breakdown in this interaction may lead to hallucinations.

scholarly journals Bottom-up sensory processing can decrease activity and functional connectivity in the default mode like network in rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukun Hinz ◽  
Lore M. B. Peeters ◽  
Disha Shah ◽  
Stephan Missault ◽  
Michaël Belloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Default Mode

AbstractThe default mode network is a large-scale brain network that is active during rest and internally focused states and deactivates as well as desynchronizes during externally oriented (top-down) attention demanding cognitive tasks. However, it is not sufficiently understood if unpredicted salient stimuli, able to trigger bottom-up attentional processes, could also result in similar reduction of activity and functional connectivity in the DMN. In this study, we investigated whether bottom-up sensory processing could influence the default mode like network (DMLN) in rats. DMLN activity was examined using block-design visual functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while its synchronization was investigated by comparing functional connectivity during a resting versus a continuously stimulated brain state by unpredicted light flashes. We demonstrated that activity in DMLN regions was decreased during visual stimulus blocks and increased during blanks. Furthermore, decreased inter-network functional connectivity between the DMLN and visual networks as well as decreased intra-network functional connectivity within the DMLN was observed during the continuous visual stimulation. These results suggest that triggering of bottom-up attention mechanisms in anesthetized rats can lead to a cascade similar to top-down orienting of attention in humans and is able to deactivate and desynchronize the DMLN.

scholarly journals Sensory Processing in Adult ADHD – A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Schulze ◽  
Silke Lux ◽  
Alexandra Philipsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Processing Deficits

Abstract BackgroundThe way we perceive our environment is driven by our sensory nervous system and our attentional resources. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. While cognitive and behavior dysfunctions have broadly been investigated, sensory processing has received less scientific attention. It has been shown, that children with ADHD show processing and modulatory deficits in multiple sensory domains, but very few studies examine to what extent these deficits persist in adult life. We conducted a systematic review of studies investigating sensory processing in adult ADHD.Main BodyUsing the keywords ‘ADHD’ and ‘sensory processing’, Web of Science and MEDLINE database were systematically searched for all articles published up to March 2020. 53 studies were included. Mostly, visual and auditory processing are studied, few investigated multisensory audiovisual and somatosensory processing. In summary, adult ADHD is marked by increased sensory gaining and deficient sensory inhibition. These disturbed gaining and inhibitory mechanisms were most prominent in the auditory modality but also visual modality impairment in terms of stimuli modulation were evident. Electrophysiological studies show alterations across all event-related potential (ERP) components associated with distractibility at early components (bottom-up) and inhibition and stimulus discrimination at later components (top-down). Brain imaging studies on sensory processing in ADHD are scarce, few pointing to higher resting state functional connectivity in visual areas and visual crossmodal activation for auditory stimuli. ConclusionSensory processing deficits extent from childhood to adult ADHD. These deficits are mainly driven by higher distractibility by irrelevant stimuli and modulatory impairment for relevant stimuli. In future studies, the relation of impaired bottom-up and top-down attentional mechanisms should be investigated and how they contribute to sensory processing deficits and clinical symptomatology in adult ADHD. This could help to gather more information about the underling processing deficits, so that specific adjusted training can be provided, that helps to overcome deficits in daily life functioning in e.g., not producing appropriate adaptive responses in social settings.Trial registrationN/A

Frontotemporal oxyhemoglobin dynamics predict performance accuracy of dance simulation gameplay: Temporal characteristics of top-down and bottom-up cortical activities

NeuroImage ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumie Ono ◽  
Yasunori Nomoto ◽  
Shohei Tanaka ◽  
Keisuke Sato ◽  
Sotaro Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Performance Accuracy

Studies on the Bottom-Up and Top-Down Neural Information Flow Alterations in Neurodegeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Alipour ◽  
Azadeh Mozhdehfarahbakhsh ◽  
Saba Nouri ◽  
Peyman Petramfar ◽  
Mahshid Tahamtan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Directed Transfer Function ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Neural Information

Background: A proper explanation for perceptual symptoms in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still lacking. Objective: This study aimed at investigating the imbalance between ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ information flow (IF) and processing in PD in relation with visual hallucination symptoms. Methods: Here, we looked at bottom-up and top-down IF markers using resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) data from PD patients analyzed through three different IF measures (direct Directed Transfer Function (dDTF), full frequency Directed Transfer Function (ff-DTF), and renormalized Partial Directed Coherence (rPDC). Results: We observed an increased gamma band IF and a reduced beta band IF in PD patients compared to healthy controls. Additionally, we noticed a reduced theta band IF in PD patients using dDTF as a measure of IF. By source localizing the EEG activity of the PD patients and healthy controls, we looked at the alterations of IF in the prefrontal cortex of PD patients as well. Conclusion: In line with previous studies, our results suggest that the delicate balance between bottom-up and top-down IF is disrupted in Parkinson’s disease potentially contributing to the cognitive symptoms of PD patients.

scholarly journals Top-down inputs drive neuronal network rewiring and context-enhanced sensory processing in olfaction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Adams ◽  
James N. Graham ◽  
Xuchen Han ◽  
Hermann Riecke
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Granule Cells ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Cluttered Environments

AbstractMuch of the computational power of the mammalian brain arises from its extensive top-down projections. To enable neuron-specific information processing these projections have to be precisely targeted. How such a specific connectivity emerges and what functions it supports is still poorly understood. We addressed these questions in silico in the context of the profound structural plasticity of the olfactory system. At the core of this plasticity are the granule cells of the olfactory bulb, which integrate bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down inputs delivered by vast top-down projections from cortical and other brain areas. We developed a biophysically supported computational model for the rewiring of the top-down projections and the intra-bulbar network via adult neurogenesis. The model captures various previous physiological and behavioral observations and makes specific predictions for the cortico-bulbar network connectivity that is learned by odor exposure and environmental contexts. Specifically, it predicts that after learning the granule-cell receptive fields with respect to sensory and with respect to cortical inputs are highly correlated. This enables cortical cells that respond to a learned odor to enact disynaptic inhibitory control specifically of bulbar principal cells that respond to that odor. Functionally, the model predicts context-enhanced stimulus discrimination in cluttered environments (‘olfactory cocktail parties’) and the ability of the system to adapt to its tasks by rapidly switching between different odor-processing modes. These predictions are experimentally testable. At the same time they provide guidance for future experiments aimed at unraveling the cortico-bulbar connectivity.Author summaryIn mammalian sensory processing, extensive top-down feedback from higher brain areas reshapes the feedforward, bottom-up information processing. The structure of the top-down connectivity, the mechanisms leading to its specificity, and the functions it supports are still poorly understood. Using computational modeling, we investigated these issues in the olfactory system. There, the granule cells of the olfactory bulb, which is the first brain area to receive sensory input from the nose, are the key players of extensive structural changes to the network through the addition and also the removal of granule cells as well as through the formation and removal of their connections. This structural plasticity allows the system to learn and to adapt its sensory processing to its odor environment. Crucially, the granule cells combine bottom-up sensory input from the nose with top-down input from higher brain areas, including cortex. Our biophysically supported computational model predicts that, after learning, the granule cells enable cortical neurons that respond to a learned odor to gain inhibitory control of principal neurons of the olfactory bulb, specifically of those that respond to the learned odor. Functionally, this allows top-down input to enhance odor discrimination in cluttered environments and to quickly switch between odor tasks.

scholarly journals NMDAR hypofunction increases top-down influence on sensory processing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Ranson ◽  
Eluned Broom ◽  
Anna Powell ◽  
Jeremy Hall
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

AbstractConverging evidence implicates NMDAR disruption in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, a condition in which perceptual disturbances are prominent. To explore how NMDAR hypofunction causes perceptual symptoms we investigated activity in cortical sensory circuits in awake behaving mice during pharmacologically induced NMDAR hypofunction. We observed a reduction in sensory-driven activity in V1 while input from the anterior cingulate cortex simultaneously increased, suggesting NMDAR hypofunction may lead to altered perception by modifying the balance of top-down and bottom-up processing.

Psychology and Culture: Top Down Versus Bottom Up?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cole
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up
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