scholarly journals Cold-adapted live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine completely protects human ACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Heui Seo ◽  
Yunyueng Jang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
The One

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 16,000,000 people and has caused the death of more than 650,000 individuals since December 2019. A safe and effective vaccine that can provide herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed to stop the spread of this virus among humans. Many human viral vaccines are live attenuated forms of viruses that elicit humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we describe the development of a cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine (SARS-CoV-2/human/Korea/CNUHV03-CA22°C/2020) by gradually adapting the growth of SARS-CoV-2 from 37°C to 22°C in Vero cells. This vaccine can be potentially administered to humans through nasal spray. Its single dose was observed to strongly induce the neutralising antibody (>640), cellular immunity, and mucosal IgA antibody in intranasally immunised K18-hACE2 mice, which are very susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection. The one-dose vaccinated mice were completely protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection and did not show loss of body weight, death, and the presence of virus in tissues, such as the nasal turbinates, brain, lungs, and kidneys. Taken together, the cold-adapted live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine developed by us may contribute to saving of human lives from the threat of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Cold-Adapted Live Attenuated SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine Completely Protects Human ACE2 Transgenic Mice from SARS-Cov-2 Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Sang Heui Seo ◽  
Yunyueng Jang
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
The One

A safe and effective vaccine that can provide herd immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed to stop the spread of this virus among humans. Many human viral vaccines are live, attenuated forms of viruses that elicit humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we describe a cold-adapted live-attenuated vaccine (SARS-CoV-2/human/Korea/CNUHV03-CA22 °C/2020) developed by gradually adapting the growth of SARS-CoV-2 from 37 °C to 22 °C in Vero cells. This vaccine can be potentially administered to humans as a nasal spray. Its single dose strongly induced neutralising antibodies (titre > 640), cellular immunity, and mucosal IgA antibodies in intranasally immunised K18-hACE2 mice, which are very susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections. The one-dose vaccinated mice were completely protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection and did not show body weight loss, death, or the presence of virus in tissues, such as the nasal turbinates, brain, lungs, and kidneys. These results demonstrate that the cold-adapted live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine we have developed may be a candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for humans.

scholarly journals The future of vaccination and herd immunity in the COVID-19 pandem-ic

MEDISAINS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Duration Of Protection ◽  
Hybrid Distribution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Induced Immunity ◽  
The Ideal

Since a year ago, pandemic covid 19 has entered Indonesia, and efforts to reduce and control have been carried out several programs, one of which is vaccination. The ideal projection is two direct strategies: hybrid distribution that combines active outreach into priority groups with passive distribution to the general public and single-dose distribution to as many populations as possible. The previous plan was to save a second dose as a backup. The proper fulfillment of vaccination needs in each population required to achieve herd immunity to stop the spread of the virus will vary, depending on the variant of the virus in circulation and the heterogeneous level of that population, also depending on the density and mobility of the population. In addition, the duration of protection provided by natural immunity and vaccine-induced immunity is not well established, and different vaccines can provide different durations and degrees of humoral and cellular immunity.

Can Mandated BCG Vaccine Promote herd Immunity against Novel Coronavirus? A Potential Solution at Hand to Tackle Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Ashok Arasu ◽  
Pavithra Balakrishnan ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Velusamy ◽  
Thiagarajan Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is an emerging pandemic that poses a severe threat to global public health. This pandemic started from the Wuhan City of Hubei Province in China, and is speculated to have originated from bats and spread among humans with an unknown intermediate transmitter. The virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is abundantly expressed on various human cells, including lung epithelial and intestinal cells, thereby entering into these cells and causing infection. It is transmitted to other humans through airborne droplets from infected patients. Presently there are no specific treatments or vaccines that are available to curtail the spread of this disease. There are few indirect reports that explain the potential importance of the mandated BCG vaccine as a protective factor against COVID-19. There is a speculation that a live attenuated vaccine (BCG vaccine) can be beneficial against COVID-19 to develop the initial immune response, and can also spread in the community, thereby boosting herd immunity to fight against COVID-19. This review summarizes the conclusions of various reports on the BCG vaccine, and is an attempt to establish BCG-vaccination mediated herd immunity as an effective instant intermediate approach in curbing COVID-19 spread in highly populous countries.

scholarly journals SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific humoral and cellular immunity in two renal transplants and two hemodialysis patients treated with convalescent plasma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Lindemann ◽  
Adalbert Krawczyk ◽  
Sebastian Dolff ◽  
Margarethe Konik ◽  
Hana Rohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Renal Transplants ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity

Humoral and Cellular Immunity to an Encoded Protein Induced by Direct DNA Injection

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1335-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Katsumi ◽  
Nobuhiko Emi ◽  
Akihiro Abe ◽  
Yoshinori Hasegawa ◽  
Masafumi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Dna Injection

scholarly journals Two-Segment Foot Model for the Biomechanical Analysis of Squat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E. Panero ◽  
L. Gastaldi ◽  
W. Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
The One ◽  
Midtarsal Joint

Squat exercise is acquiring interest in many fields, due to its benefits in improving health and its biomechanical similarities to a wide range of sport motions and the recruitment of many body segments in a single maneuver. Several researches had examined considerable biomechanical aspects of lower limbs during squat, but not without limitations. The main goal of this study focuses on the analysis of the foot contribution during a partial body weight squat, using a two-segment foot model that considers separately the forefoot and the hindfoot. The forefoot and hindfoot are articulated by the midtarsal joint. Five subjects performed a series of three trials, and results were averaged. Joint kinematics and dynamics were obtained using motion capture system, two force plates closed together, and inverse dynamics techniques. The midtarsal joint reached a dorsiflexion peak of 4°. Different strategies between subjects revealed 4° supination and 2.5° pronation of the forefoot. Vertical GRF showed 20% of body weight concentrated on the forefoot and 30% on the hindfoot. The percentages varied during motion, with a peak of 40% on the hindfoot and correspondently 10% on the forefoot, while the traditional model depicted the unique constant 50% value. Ankle peak of plantarflexion moment, power absorption, and power generation was consistent with values estimated by the one-segment model, without statistical significance.

Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Different Phases of Contact Dermatitis

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
P. Torres ◽  
F. Guerra ◽  
A. Arenas ◽  
R. Miguel ◽  
C. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity

Endoscopic laserotherapy in combined treatment of duodenal peptic ulcerous disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-175
Author(s):  
S. N. Batrakov ◽  
V. N. Troshkin
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Clinical Efficiency

The results of combined treatment of 90 patients with duodenal peptic ulcerous disease are presented. The clinical efficiency of complementing the traditional treatment by the endoscopic laserotherapy is shown. The positive dynamics of histamine, serotonin, catecholamines in duodenum mucous membrane was noted parallel with the clinicoendoscopic picture improvement. The positive changes of humoral and cellular immunity indices in the presence of the treatment combined with the endoscopic laserotherapy were observed.

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