scholarly journals Wide-based Foveal Pit: A Predisposition to Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hsin Ma ◽  
Chung-May Yang ◽  
Yi-Ting Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Macular Hole ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Macular Diseases ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Aims: To report the anatomical characteristics of wide-based foveal pit and its associations with macular diseases. Methods: Wide-based foveal pit was defined as a foveal base width (FBW) larger than the mean value plus one standard deviation of normal population. Eyes with a wide-based foveal pit were retrospectively collected as the study group, and age- and sex-matched subjects with a normal FBW were recruited as the control group. FBW, area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and retinal artery trajectory (RAT) were compared between two groups. The characteristics of the fellow eyes in the study group were also described. Results: Fifty two eyes from 52 patients were identified as having a wide-based foveal pit; 43 (82.7%) were female. Both their FBW (474.7 ± 84.6 µm) and area of FAZ (0.50 ± 0.11mm2) were significantly larger than in the control group (297.6 ± 42.3 µm and 0.29 ± 0.10 mm2, respectively; p < 0.001 for both), and they also had a wider RAT than the control group (p < 0.001). During follow-up, three eyes had developed idiopathic epiretinal membrane. As for their fellow eyes, they either also had a wide-based foveal pit (11 eyes) or had various macular diseases including idiopathic epiretinal membrane (27 eyes), macular hole (5 eyes) and others (16 eyes). Conclusions: Eyes with a wide-based foveal pit also had a large FAZ and a wide RAT, and they might have a predisposition to idiopathic epiretinal membrane formation. Their fellow eyes also had a predisposition to epiretinal membrane and macular hole.

scholarly journals The Association between Macular Structure and Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Hsin Ma ◽  
Chung-May Yang ◽  
Yi-Ting Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fellow Eyes

AbstractPurposeThis study measured the anatomical characteristics of the macula in fellow eyes of patients with unilateral idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) and compared them with normal control.DesignA retrospective observational study.ParticipantsA total of of 94 fellow eyes with unilateral idiopathic ERM were gathered as the study group, and their age and gender-matched subjects with no vitreomacular diseases were recruited as the control group.MethodsMacular structure parameters including foveal base width (FBW), central foveolar thickness (CFT), central subfield thickness (CST), area of foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and retinal artery trajectory (RAT) were measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography and were compared between two groups.Main outcome measuresMacular structure parameters were compared between the two groups. A wide-based foveal pit was defined as a FBW larger than the mean value plus one standard deviation of the normal population. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors that affect FBW.ResultsAmong the 94 fellow eyes of unilateral ERM; 71 eyes (75.5%) had a wide-based foveal pit. Both their FBW (418.9 ± 68.7 µm) and area of FAZ (0.38 ± 0.12 mm2) were significantly larger than those in the control group (323.2 ± 74.3 µm and 0.31± 0.17 mm2; p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively), and they also had a thinner CFT and CST, and a wider RAT than the control group (p < 0.05 for all). In the control group, females had a wider FBW, a thinner CFT and CST, and a wider RAT than males (p < 0.05 for all). Regression analysis showed that female, a thinner CST and a larger FAZ were all associated with a larger FBW.ConclusionFellow eyes of the unilateral ERM had a larger FBW and FAZ, a thinner CFT and CST, and a wider RAT than the normal population. This implicates that centrifugal macular traction may result in the formation of idiopathic ERM. Females had a wider FBW, a thinner CST, and a wider RAT than males, which may explain the higher prevalence of idiopathic ERM in females.

scholarly journals Prophylactic Circumferential Laser Retinopexy in Macular Hole and Epiretinal Membrane Surgeries

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Oded Ohana ◽  
Ran Rutenberg ◽  
Elad Moisseiev ◽  
Zvi Davidovich ◽  
Anat Lowenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Hole ◽  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Retinal Breaks ◽  
Macular Diseases ◽  
Retinal Tears ◽  
Small Gauge ◽  
Pars Plana

Background: The role of PCLR in vitrectomy surgeries for macular diseases is controversial. Several studies report a reduction in post-operative RD rates, while other studies do not show such reduction. reducing complications stemming from intra- and post- operative retinal tears, especially at sclerotomy sites, are suggested as reasons for PCLR use. Objective: To investigate the effect of PCLR on the rate of post-operative RD in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for either Macular Hole (MH) or epiretinal membrane (ERM). Methods: This retrospective study included 179 eyes of 170 patients who underwent vitrectomy for either MH or ERM between 2006-2012. Recorded parameters included demographic information, diagnosis, lens status, use and type of tamponade, whether PCLR was performed, follow-up period, the occurrence of RD, the cause and time of RD. Outcome and complication rates were compared between patients who received PCLR (PCLR group) and those who did not (Control group). Results: The study included 179 eyes of 170 patients. 126 eyes had PCLR while 53 eyes did not. Pre-operative demographics data, best-corrected visual acuity, lens status and indication for macular surgery were similar between the two groups. Post-operative RD was diagnosed in one eye (1.8%) in the control group and 5 eyes (3.9%) in the PCLR group (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank p = 0.28). Conclusion: PCLR was not correlated with a decrease in RD in MH and ERM surgeries in our cohort. Intra-operative and post-operative examination for small retinal breaks is essential in all surgeries. PCLR might be unnecessary in small gauge vitrectomies.

scholarly journals True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Raghunatha Rao D ◽  
Vasantha L
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.           During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Intradialytic Stretching Exercises on Muscle Cramps among Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis in a Selected Tertiary Care Hospital Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
K. Anbu ◽  
A. Rathiga
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
World Population ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Stretching Exercises

Background: Chronic kidney disease is the vital and non-communicable disease epidemic that affects the world population including India. Muscle cramps are a common complication of haemodialysis treatments and they often result in the early termination of the session, it is an important priority to provide timely intervention to improve their muscle cramps of haemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of intradialytic stretching exercises on muscle cramps among patients on haemodialysis. Time series quasi experimental design was conducted in dialysis unit of Chettinad Super Specialty Hospital, Kelambakkam at Chengalpet District, Tamil Nadu, India.Total sample of 138 belong to 30 to 60 years were selected with the use of purposive sampling technique as per the statistical calculation and equally allocated to control 69 samples and to Study group 69.  The structured questionnaire are demographic, Clinical variables & Modified cramps questionnaire chart was used to assess the effectiveness of intradialytic stretching exercises on level of muscle cramps. Results: The study findings concluded that in pre test 41(59.4 %) of the patients in study group and 38(55.1 %) of the patients in control group had mild muscle cramps whereas in post test 4(5.8 %) of the patients in study group had severe muscle cramps and 16 (23.2 %) of the patients in control group had severe muscle cramps. While comparing the post test mean value of control group 2.652±0.854 the study group mean value was 2.101±0.769 was significantly reduced with‘t’ value of 10.185 at p ≤ 0.000. Therefore the Research hypothesis H1 was retained. Hence there was no significant association between the test scores on intensity of muscle cramps among patients undergoing haemodialysis with selected demographic and clinical variables of group 2 (study) at P ≤ 0.000 level. Therefore the Research hypothesis H2 was rejected.The majority finding of the study results that in pre test 32 (46.4 %) of the patients were in mild muscle cramps in post test 1.More than half of the patients 30 (43.5 %) of moderate muscle cramps in post test 2. And majority 40 (58 %) of the patients in moderate muscle cramps in post test 3.The effect of intradialytic stretching exercises in reducing the level of muscle cramps during haemodialysis. Conclusion: Intradialytic stretching exercises is an effective method which can be used as a preventive therapy in the treatment of muscle cramps.

scholarly journals The Role of Coconut Oil in Treating Patients Affected by Plaque-Induced Gingivitis: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Francesca Ripari ◽  
Federica Filippone ◽  
Giulia Zumbo ◽  
Francesco Covello ◽  
Francesca Zara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the coconut oil pulling efficacy as adjuvant in reducing plaque formation and in treating plaque-induced gingivitis. Materials and Methods A sample of 20 patients was divided into two groups: a study and a control group. In the study group, coconut oil, in form of mouthwash, was administered to a sample of patients affected by gingivitis, aged between 18 and 35. The protocol established a daily application of the product for 30 days, where clinical parameters for plaque formation and gingivitis—plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI)—will be evaluated during the recalls on a specific periodontal chart. The control group did not associate a coadjuvant to the normal daily oral health procedures and the same clinical parameters were evaluated at t0 and after 30 days (t1). The data were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test, establishing the significance level as p < 0.05. Results PI and BI decreased in both groups, with a more relevant and significant drop in the study group, from a mean value of PI of 58.0 to 19.3 and a mean value of BI of 33.5 to 5.0. In the control group, the values decreased, respectively, from 53.9 to 29.1 for PI, and from 33.5 to 16.2. Furthermore, no significant side effect was reported during coconut oil pulling therapy. Conclusions The collected data showed significant and promising improvements in reducing plaque formation and gingivitis. However, further researches have to be performed to have more consistent and statistically significant data on larger samples and to fully understand the mechanisms of action and effectiveness.

Study of foveal avascular zone by OCTA before and after idiopathic epiretinal membrane removal

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Baba ◽  
Masato Kakisu ◽  
Tomohiro Nizawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Oshitari ◽  
Shuichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Measurements in Eyes with Vitreoretinal Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Demir
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Abstract PurposeTo study the retinal detachment (RD) results with the aid of OCTAMethodsIn the present corss-sectionally designed study 11 patients were enrolled. Eyes with retinal detachment surgical procedures served as study group and the fellow eyes without any retinal detachment surgical procedures served as control group. ResultsThe mean age of 11 patients was 59.72±9.94 years. The mean BCVA of the study was 0.43±0.31 and mean BCVA of the control group was 0.86±0.23 in decimal (P=0.01). The mean IOP of the study group 15.72±1.55 mmHg and the mean IOP of the control group was 16.09±2.17 mmHg (P=0.656). ConclusionOptical coherence tomography angiography is an important imaging tool to evaluate retinal superficial and deep layer density and area measurements

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