scholarly journals A potential impact of physical distancing on physical and mental health. A rapid narrative umbrella review of meta-analyses on the link between social isolation and health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nexhmedin Morina ◽  
Ahlke Kip ◽  
Thole H. Hoppen ◽  
Stefan Priebe ◽  
Thomas Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
List Type ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractBackgroundThe imperative for physical distancing during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may deteriorate physical and mental health. We aimed at summarizing the strength of evidence in the published literature on the association of social isolation and loneliness with physical and mental health.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in April 2020 to identify meta-analyses using the Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included terms of social isolation, loneliness, living alone, and meta-analysis. Eligible meta-analyses needed to report any sort of association between an indicator of social isolation and any physical or mental health outcome. The findings were summarized in a narrative synthesis.ResultsTwenty-five meta-analyses met our criteria, of which 10 focused on physical health and 15 on mental health outcomes. A total of more than 3 million individuals had participated in the 692 primary studies. The results suggest that social isolation is associated with chronic physical symptoms, frailty, coronary heart disease, malnutrition, hospital readmission, reduced vaccine uptake, early mortality, depression, social anxiety, psychosis, cognitive impairment in later life, and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThe existing evidence clearly indicates that social isolation is associated with a range of poor physical and mental health outcomes. A potential negative impact on these outcomes needs to be considered in future decisions on physical distancing measures.Strengths and limitations of this studyThis rapid umbrella review focuses on a timely and societally relevant issue.The systematic literature search was conducted in three major databases from inception up to April 2020 warranting an extensive and up-to-date overview on relevant meta-analyses in the field.Quality of included meta-analyses was rated with a standardized measure.Different indicators of social isolation were included.The utilized method did not allow for a quantitative comparison of associations with health outcomes.

scholarly journals Potential impact of physical distancing on physical and mental health: a rapid narrative umbrella review of meta-analyses on the link between social connection and health

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e042335
Author(s):  
Nexhmedin Morina ◽  
Ahlke Kip ◽  
Thole Hilko Hoppen ◽  
Stefan Priebe ◽  
Thomas Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundThe imperative for physical distancing (mostly referred to as social distancing) during COVID-19 pandemic may deteriorate physical and mental health. We aimed at summarising the strength of evidence in the published literature on the association of physical and mental health with social connection via social isolation, living alone and loneliness.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in April 2020 to identify meta-analyses using the Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included terms of social isolation, loneliness, living alone and meta-analysis. Eligible meta-analyses needed to report any sort of association between an indicator of social connection and any physical or mental health outcome. The findings were summarised in a narrative synthesis.ResultsTwenty-five meta-analyses met our criteria, of which 10 focused on physical health and 15 on mental health outcomes. The results suggest that lack of social connection is associated with chronic physical symptoms, frailty, coronary heart disease, malnutrition, hospital readmission, reduced vaccine uptake, early mortality, depression, social anxiety, psychosis, cognitive impairment in later life and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsThe existing evidence clearly indicates that social connection is associated with a range of poor physical and mental health outcomes. A potential negative impact on these outcomes needs to be considered in future decisions on physical distancing measures.

scholarly journals National or population level interventions addressing the social determinants of mental health – an umbrella review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Shah ◽  
Ian F. Walker ◽  
Yannish Naik ◽  
Selina Rajan ◽  
Kate O’Hagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quality Evidence

Abstract Background Social circumstances in which people live and work impact the population’s mental health. We aimed to synthesise evidence identifying effective interventions and policies that influence the social determinants of mental health at national or scaled population level. We searched five databases (Cochrane Library, Global Health, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO) between Jan 1st 2000 and July 23rd 2019 to identify systematic reviews of population-level interventions or policies addressing a recognised social determinant of mental health and collected mental health outcomes. There were no restrictions on country, sub-population or age. A narrative overview of results is provided. Quality assessment was conducted using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2). This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019140198). Results We identified 20 reviews for inclusion. Most reviews were of low or critically low quality. Primary studies were mostly observational and from higher income settings. Higher quality evidence indicates more generous welfare benefits may reduce socioeconomic inequalities in mental health outcomes. Lower quality evidence suggests unemployment insurance, warm housing interventions, neighbourhood renewal, paid parental leave, gender equality policies, community-based parenting programmes, and less restrictive migration policies are associated with improved mental health outcomes. Low quality evidence suggests restriction of access to lethal means and multi-component suicide prevention programmes are associated with reduced suicide risk. Conclusion This umbrella review has identified a small and overall low-quality evidence base for population level interventions addressing the social determinants of mental health. There are significant gaps in the evidence base for key policy areas, which limit ability of national policymakers to understand how to effectively improve population mental health.

Cognitive, physical, and mental health outcomes between long-term cannabis and tobacco users

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 178-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Lovell ◽  
R. Bruno ◽  
J. Johnston ◽  
A. Matthews ◽  
I. McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Parenting skills and promotion of mental health over the lifespan

2018 ◽  
pp. 371-382
Author(s):  
Stephen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Practitioner ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Parenting Skills ◽  
High Quality

Improving parenting skills can improve a range of mental health outcomes in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and can improve both physical and mental health in adulthood. High-quality, evidence-based parenting programmes are especially effective for reducing children’s antisocial behaviour and promoting attachment security. This form of early intervention confers lasting benefits well into adulthood, on intelligence and academic functioning, as well as a range of mental health outcomes, such as antisocial personality disorder, crime, drug addiction, and early death. The skill of the mental health practitioner has a substantial effect on outcomes, as well as choosing a high-quality parenting programmeme, it is important to train the practitioner well and subsequently to ensure there is ongoing supervision. To widen access, more online programmes need to be developed.

scholarly journals Prediction of childhood brain outcomes in infants born preterm using neonatal MRI and concurrent clinical biomarkers (PREBO-6): study protocol for a prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e036480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M George ◽  
Alex M Pagnozzi ◽  
Samudragupta Bora ◽  
Roslyn N Boyd ◽  
Paul B Colditz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
List Type ◽  
Neonatal Mri

IntroductionInfants born very preterm are at risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including cognitive deficits, motor impairments and cerebral palsy. Earlier identification enables targeted early interventions to be implemented with the aim of improving outcomes.Methods and analysisProtocol for 6-year follow-up of two cohorts of infants born <31 weeks gestational age (PPREMO: Prediction of Preterm Motor Outcomes; PREBO: Prediction of Preterm Brain Outcomes) and a small term-born reference sample in Brisbane, Australia. Both preterm cohorts underwent very early MRI and concurrent clinical assessment at 32 and 40 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) and were followed up at 3, 12 and 24 months corrected age (CA). This study will perform MRI and electroencephalography (EEG). Primary outcomes include the Movement Assessment Battery for Children second edition and Full-Scale IQ score from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children fifth edition (WISC-V). Secondary outcomes include the Gross Motor Function Classification System for children with cerebral palsy; executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function second edition, WISC-V Digit Span and Picture Span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64 Card Version); attention (Test of Everyday Attention for Children second edition); language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals fifth edition), academic achievement (Woodcock Johnson IV Tests of Achievement); mental health and quality of life (Development and Well-Being Assessment, Autism Spectrum Quotient-10 Items Child version and Child Health Utility-9D).AimsExamine the ability of early neonatal MRI, EEG and concurrent clinical measures at 32 weeks PMA to predict motor, cognitive, language, academic achievement and mental health outcomes at 6 years CA.Determine if early brain abnormalities persist and are evident on brain MRI at 6 years CA and the relationship to EEG and concurrent motor, cognitive, language, academic achievement and mental health outcomes.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from Human Research Ethics Committees at Children’s Health Queensland (HREC/19/QCHQ/49800) and The University of Queensland (2019000426). Study findings will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000155190p.Web address of trialhttp://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12619000155190p

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