scholarly journals Host genetic liability for severe COVID-19 overlaps with alcohol drinking behavior and diabetic outcomes in over 1 million participants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R Wendt ◽  
Antonella De Lillo ◽  
Gita A Pathak ◽  
Flavio De Angelis ◽  
Renato Polimanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Genetic Contributions

AbstractTo distinguish correlation from causation, we performed in-silico analyses of three COVID-19 outcomes (N>1,000,000). We show genetic correlation and putative causality with depressive symptoms, metformin use, and alcohol use. COVID-19 risk loci associated with several hematologic biomarkers. Comprehensive findings inform genetic contributions to COVID-19 epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and risk factors.

scholarly journals Host Genetic Liability for Severe COVID-19 Associates with Alcohol Drinking Behavior and Diabetic Outcomes in Participants of European Descent

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R Wendt ◽  
Antonella De Lillo ◽  
Gita A Pathak ◽  
Flavio De Angelis ◽  
Renato Polimanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Genetic Contributions

Risk factors and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection are unclear but can be investigated with large-scale genomic data. To distinguish correlation from causation, we performed in-silico analyses of three COVID-19 outcomes (N > 1,000,000). We show genetic correlation and putative causality with depressive symptoms, metformin use (genetic causality proportion (gĉp) with severe respiratory COVID-19 = 0.576, p = 1.07 × 10−5 and hospitalized COVID-19 = 0.713, p = 0.003), and alcohol drinking status (gĉp with severe respiratory COVID-19 = 0.633, p = 7.04 × 10−5 and hospitalized COVID-19 = 0.848, p = 4.13 × 10−13). COVID-19 risk loci associated with several hematologic biomarkers. Comprehensive findings inform genetic contributions to COVID-19 epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and risk factors and potential long-term health effects of severe response to infection.

scholarly journals Burden of depressive symptoms and non-alcohol substance abuse; and their association with alcohol use and partner violence: a cross-sectional study in four sub-Saharan Africa countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bajunirwe ◽  
S. Maling ◽  
H.-O. Adami ◽  
I. O. Ajayi ◽  
J. Volmink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan

In sub-Saharan Africa, there are limited data on burden of non-alcohol substance abuse (NAS) and depressive symptoms (DS), yet potential risk factors such as alcohol and intimate partner violence (IPV) are common and NAS abuse may be the rise. The aim of this study was to measure the burden of DS and NAS abuse, and determine whether alcohol use and IPV are associated with DS and/or NAS abuse. We conducted a cross-sectional study at five sites in four countries: Nigeria (nurses), South Africa (teachers), Tanzania (teachers) and two sites in Uganda (rural and peri-urban residents). Participants were selected by simple random sampling from a sampling frame at each of the study sites. We used a standardized tool to collect data on demographics, alcohol use and NAS use, IPV and DS and calculated prevalence ratios (PR). We enrolled 1415 respondents and of these 34.6% were male. DS occurred among 383 (32.3%) and NAS use among 52 (4.3%). In the multivariable analysis, being female (PR  =  1.49, p  =  0.008), NAS abuse (PR  =  2.06, p  =  0.02) and IPV (PR  =  2.93, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with DS. Older age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.31, p < 0.001)], female (OR = 0.48, p  =  0.036) were protective of NAS but current smokers (OR = 2.98, p < 0.001) and those reporting IPV (OR  =  2.16, p  =  0.024) were more likely to use NAS. Longitudinal studies should be done to establish temporal relationships with these risk factors to provide basis for interventions.

Longitudinal Predictors of Synthetic Cannabinoid Use in Adolescents

2017 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Ninnemann ◽  
Hye Jeong Choi ◽  
Gregory L. Stuart ◽  
Jeff R. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southeast Texas ◽  
Anxiety Depression

BACKGROUND Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are a large, heterogeneous group of chemicals that are structurally similar to δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Many SCs are high-efficacy full agonists of the CB1 and/or CB2 cannabinoid receptors, resulting in a potent group of chemicals with a variety of negative health effects, including death. SCs are available to adolescents at convenience stores and smoke shops and on the Internet. However, little is known about the risk factors that contribute to eventual use of SCs in adolescents, and no research has examined the psychiatric, personality, and substance-use risk factors that prospectively predict SC use. On the basis of extant cross-sectional research, we hypothesized that anxiety, depression, impulsivity, and marijuana use would prospectively predict eventual SC use. METHODS Data were collected across 2 time points 12 months apart on adolescents attending multiple public high schools in southeast Texas (n = 964). RESULTS Path analysis indicated that depressive symptoms, marijuana use, alcohol use, and SC use at baseline were predictive of SC use at 1-year follow-up, whereas anxiety symptoms and impulsivity were not. In addition, SC use at baseline was not predictive of marijuana use at the 1-year follow-up. Females and African Americans were less likely to use SCs than males or those of other ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS SC-use prevention programming should consider depressive symptoms, marijuana use, and alcohol use as risk factors for SC use. Of particular significance, traditional marijuana use was predictive of subsequent SC use, but SC use was not predictive of later marijuana use.

scholarly journals Exploratory extracellular vesicle-bound miRNA profiling to identify candidate biomarkers of chronic alcohol drinking in non-human primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sloan A. Lewis ◽  
Brianna Doratt ◽  
Suhas Sureshchandra ◽  
Tianyu Pan ◽  
Steven W. Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Mirna Candidate ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection

Background: Long-term alcohol drinking is associated with numerous health complications including susceptibility to infection, cancer, and organ damage. However, due to the complex nature of human drinking behavior, it is challenging to determine whether alcohol use should be considered a risk factor during diagnosis and treatment. We lack reliable biomarkers of alcohol use that could be used to determine drinking behavior prior to signs of overt organ damage. Recently, extracellular vesicle-bound microRNA (EV-miRNA) have been discovered to be consistent biomarkers of conditions including cancer and liver disease. Methods: In this study, we profiled the plasma EV-miRNA content by miRNA-Seq from 80 non-human primates after 12 months of voluntary ethanol drinking. Results: We identified a list of up- and downregulated EV-miRNA candidate biomarkers of both heavy drinking as well as those positively correlated with ethanol dose. We further overexpressed these candidate miRNA in control primary peripheral immune cells to assess potential functional mechanisms of these EV-miRNA. We identified that overexpression of miR-155, miR-154, miR-34c, miR-450a, and miR-204 led to increased inflammatory TNFA; or IL-6 production in PBMC after stimulation. Conclusion: This exploratory study identified several EV-miRNA that could serve as biomarkers of long-term alcohol drinking as well as provided a mechanism for alcohol-induced peripheral inflammation.

Socioeconomic Risk Factors and Depressive Symptoms in Alcohol Use Disorders Among Male Suicides in South Tirol, Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Giupponi ◽  
Jacopo Bizzarri ◽  
Roger Pycha ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
David Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Risk Factors

Alcohol use in daily life: Examining the role of trait and state impulsivity facets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Griffin ◽  
Timothy J Trull
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Objectives: Using Ecological Momentary Assessment methods (EMA) we aimed to investigate the influence of trait and state (momentary) impulsivity on alcohol use behaviors in daily life. Facets of the UPPS trait model of impulsivity (Whiteside and Lynam, 2001) have been found to differentially relate to alcohol-related outcomes and behaviors in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. The present work expands on this by assessing UPPS facets in daily life and examining the contributions of trait and state impulsivity facets to daily life drinking behavior. Methods: 49 participants were prompted at least six times per day for 21 days. A total of 4,548 collected EMA reports were included in analyses. Multi-level models were computed predicting daily life alcohol use behaviors from state and trait impulsivity facets and relevant covariates. Results: Individual facets of momentary impulsivity differentially related to alcohol outcomes, such that (lack of) premeditation and, to a lesser extent, sensation seeking showed unique patterns of association with drinking and drinking quantity. Only trait levels of (lack of) premeditation were related to drinking behavior in daily life; no other trait UPPS scale significantly related to alcohol use. Conclusions: These results highlight state difficulties with premeditation as particularly relevant to drinking behavior in daily life. Our results also support the incremental validity of state impulsivity facets over trait level measures in relation to drinking behavior in daily life. These findings offer important insight into the phenomenology of daily-life alcohol use and highlight possible avenues for intervention and prevention efforts. Public Health Statement: Momentary fluctuations in premeditation predict alcohol use in daily life. Treatments targeting planning or forethought in relation to alcohol use may interrupt this process contributing to daily life drinking behaviors.

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