scholarly journals Host Genetic Liability for Severe COVID-19 Associates with Alcohol Drinking Behavior and Diabetic Outcomes in Participants of European Descent

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R Wendt ◽  
Antonella De Lillo ◽  
Gita A Pathak ◽  
Flavio De Angelis ◽  
Renato Polimanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Drinking Status ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Genetic Contributions

Risk factors and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection are unclear but can be investigated with large-scale genomic data. To distinguish correlation from causation, we performed in-silico analyses of three COVID-19 outcomes (N > 1,000,000). We show genetic correlation and putative causality with depressive symptoms, metformin use (genetic causality proportion (gĉp) with severe respiratory COVID-19 = 0.576, p = 1.07 × 10−5 and hospitalized COVID-19 = 0.713, p = 0.003), and alcohol drinking status (gĉp with severe respiratory COVID-19 = 0.633, p = 7.04 × 10−5 and hospitalized COVID-19 = 0.848, p = 4.13 × 10−13). COVID-19 risk loci associated with several hematologic biomarkers. Comprehensive findings inform genetic contributions to COVID-19 epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and risk factors and potential long-term health effects of severe response to infection.

scholarly journals Host genetic liability for severe COVID-19 overlaps with alcohol drinking behavior and diabetic outcomes in over 1 million participants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R Wendt ◽  
Antonella De Lillo ◽  
Gita A Pathak ◽  
Flavio De Angelis ◽  
Renato Polimanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Genetic Contributions

AbstractTo distinguish correlation from causation, we performed in-silico analyses of three COVID-19 outcomes (N>1,000,000). We show genetic correlation and putative causality with depressive symptoms, metformin use, and alcohol use. COVID-19 risk loci associated with several hematologic biomarkers. Comprehensive findings inform genetic contributions to COVID-19 epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and risk factors.

scholarly journals Ethanol Induces Long-Term Facilitation of NR2B-NMDA Receptor Activity in the Dorsal Striatum: Implications for Alcohol Drinking Behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 3593-3602 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wang ◽  
S. Carnicella ◽  
K. Phamluong ◽  
J. Jeanblanc ◽  
J. A. Ronesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Receptor Activity ◽  
Long Term Facilitation

Gene-Environment Interaction in the Determination of Levels of Plasma Fibrinogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (08) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le-Anh Luong ◽  
Hugh Montgomery ◽  
Ian Day ◽  
Vidya Mohamed-Ali ◽  
John Yudkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genotype Information

IntroductionThis review will focus on the inflammatory risk factors that may influence changes in plasma fibrinogen levels and that may influence an individual’s risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD). These inflammatory risk factors occur to a different extent in individuals as their environment changes. Although a specific genotype may be associated, in healthy subjects, with modest differences in levels of a risk factor for thrombosis, this effect may be larger or smaller in subgroups of subjects. Documenting such gene-environment interactions is important if genotype information is ever to be used in a clinical or diagnostic setting. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of such interactions is vital to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to reduce risk of myocardial infarction (MI).We review some of the gene-environment interactions detected to date for the G-455A β-fibrinogen gene promoter polymorphism. Carriers of the A allele, representing roughly 20% of the population, consistently have, on average, 7% to 10% higher fibrinogen levels than those with the genotype GG. Data will be presented to demonstrate interaction between situations of inflammatory stimulation (e.g., smoking habit, presence of ischemic disease, and level of physical exercise) in the determination of the magnitude of the effect of the A allele on plasma fibrinogen levels.The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the likely link between inflammatory processes and IHD. Recently we have identified a functional G/C polymorphism at -174bp in the IL-6 promoter, with the G allele being a 2 to 4 times stronger promoter upon stimulation with interleukin-1 (IL-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In a small study of healthy subjects, the C allele was associated with significantly lower mean plasma levels of IL-6, an effect which may be protect against the development of IHD. Finally, we describe a rapid throughput genotyping method that is useful for large-scale genetic epidemiology studies.

scholarly journals Comprehensive and long-term surveys of COVID-19 sequelae in Japan, an ambidirectional multicentre cohort study: study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001015
Author(s):  
Kensuke Nakagawara ◽  
Ho Namkoong ◽  
Hideki Terai ◽  
Katsunori Masaki ◽  
Takae Tanosaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Society Meeting ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences

IntroductionThe rapid spread of COVID-19 posed a global burden. Substantial number of people died of the disease in the acute phase of infection. In addition, a significant proportion of patients have been reported to suffer from post-acute phase symptoms, sequelae of COVID-19, which may negatively influence the quality of daily living and/or socioeconomic circumstances of the patients. However, no previous study has comprehensively and objectively assessed the quality of life of patients by using existing international scales. Further, evidence of socioeconomic consequences among patients with COVID-19 is scarce. To address the multidimensional issues from sequelae of COVID-19, evidence from comprehensive surveys beyond clinical perspectives is critical that investigates health, and social determinants of disease progression as well as socioeconomic consequences at a large scale.Methods and analysisIn this study, we plan to conduct a nationwide and comprehensive survey for the sequelae of COVID-19 in a total of 1000 patients diagnosed at 27 hospitals throughout Japan. This study will evaluate not only the health-related status of patients from clinical perspectives but also the Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) scores, socioeconomic status and consequences to discuss the sequelae of the disease and the related risk factors. The primary endpoint is the frequency of long-term complications of COVID-19 infection. The secondary endpoints are risk factors for progression to sequelae of COVID-19 infection. The study will provide robust and important evidence as a resource to tackle the issues from the sequelae of COVID-19 from the multi-dimensional perspectives.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Keio University School of Medicine Ethics Committee (20200243, UMIN000042299). The results of this study will be reported at a society meeting or published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Scleroma of the Larynx and Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Causal Relationship?

2000 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Kamal A. Abou El-Hamd
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
English Language ◽  
Previous Irradiation ◽  
Language Literature

The known risk factors for development of laryngeal carcinoma are smoking, alcohol drinking, air pollution, laryngeal keratosis, single adult papillomas, and previous irradiation. Laryngeal scleroma as a risk factor for the development of laryngeal carcinoma has not been mentioned in the English-language literature, to my knowledge. This is a report of 2 cases of proven long-term rhinolaryngoscleroma that have changed to laryngeal carcinoma.

scholarly journals AncestryDNA COVID-19 Host Genetic Study Identifies Three Novel Loci

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve H.L. Roberts ◽  
Danny S. Park ◽  
Marie V. Coignet ◽  
Shannon R. McCurdy ◽  
Spencer C. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Host Genetic

AbstractHuman infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, leads to a remarkably diverse spectrum of outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Recent reports suggest that both clinical and genetic risk factors may contribute to COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. To investigate genetic risk factors, we collected over 500,000 COVID-19 survey responses between April and May 2020 with accompanying genetic data from the AncestryDNA database. We conducted sex-stratified and meta-analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for COVID-19 susceptibility (positive nasopharyngeal swab test, ncases=2,407) and severity (hospitalization, ncases=250). The severity GWAS replicated associations with severe COVID-19 near ABO and SLC6A20 (P<0.05). Furthermore, we identified three novel loci with P<5×10−8. The strongest association was near IVNS1ABP, a gene involved in influenza virus replication1, and was associated only in males. The other two novel loci harbor genes with established roles in viral replication or immunity: SRRM1 and the immunoglobulin lambda locus. We thus present new evidence that host genetic variation likely contributes to COVID-19 outcomes and demonstrate the value of large-scale, self-reported data as a mechanism to rapidly address a health crisis.

Concussion

2019 ◽  
pp. 525-549
Author(s):  
Breton M. Asken ◽  
Michael A. McCrea
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Research Initiatives

Concussions occur frequently among the general population, with athletes and certain military personnel being particularly vulnerable. Population differences (demographics, risk factors, injury frequency, injury severity, etc.) require that both clinicians and researchers carefully consider individual patient or participant characteristics. Recent evidence suggests that the physiological alterations associated with concussion may outlast the symptoms that manifest, although current concussion management is almost exclusively dictated by clinical presentation. Accordingly, there has been a rapid rise in research aiming to better characterize the neurophysiological effects of concussion and time course of neurobiological recovery after injury, particularly through employment of advanced neuroimaging metrics and fluid-based biomarkers. Concussion prevention efforts, particularly in athletic settings, range from limiting head impact exposure to mitigating recovery time (e.g., post-concussion syndrome) through identification of both neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors. Recommendations for extended periods of complete physical and cognitive rest after concussion have been replaced with guidelines for symptom-limited activity much earlier in the recovery process. Ultimately, improvements in both physiological and clinical injury identification, as well as concussion rehabilitation, may reduce the long-term impact of single-event or multiple concussions. The current literature on the relationship between concussion history and late-life risk for neurodegeneration or dementia is mixed. Several important topics related to the acute, subacute, and long-term outcomes of concussion require further study and clarification. Ongoing large-scale research initiatives hold the promise of accelerating access to essential, yet complex, answers.

scholarly journals Long-Term Subculture Affects Rooting Competence via Changes in the Hormones and Protein Profiles in Cedrela Fissilis Vell. (Meliaceae) Shoots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeu dos Reis Oliveira ◽  
Damián Balfagón ◽  
Kariane Rodrigues Sousa ◽  
Victor Paulo Mesquita Aragão ◽  
Leandro Francisco de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Plantlet Production ◽  
Auxin Binding Protein ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Long-term subculture plays an essential role in the large-scale multiplication and production of somatic plantlets. We investigated the effects of long-term subculture on in vitro shoot development and ex vitro rooting associated with changes in the hormones and protein profiles in C. fissilis. The number of subcultures of shoots induced a decrease in the ex vitro rooting response. The reduction in adventitious root (AR) formation was associated with decreases in the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA), putrescine (Put), and spermine and increases in jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-isoleucine, trans-cinnamic acid, and salicylic acid contents in shoots at the fourth subculture compared to the first. The ornithine decarboxylase enzyme preferentially functions in the Put biosynthesis pathway and was related to the highest AR formation in shoots at the first subculture. Down-accumulation of the auxin-binding protein ABP19a in shoots from the fourth subculture compared to the first subculture was related to a decrease in both IAA contents and AR formation. In addition, down-accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, glutamine synthetase leaf isozyme chloroplastic, 5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine methyltransferase, L-ascorbate peroxidase, cytosolic, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and 2-Cys peroxiredoxin BAS1-like, chloroplastic and up-accumulation of caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase 1 and isoforms of peroxidase 4 proteins in shoots from the fourth relative to the first subculture were associated with a reduction in AR formation. These results showed that the understanding of hormonal and molecular mechanisms related to the potential of AR formation in shoots under successive subcultures is relevant to improving large-scale plantlet production in C. fissilis.

scholarly journals Factors Determining Periprocedural and Long-term Complications of High Risk Carotid Artery Stenting

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Vincent Dinculescu ◽  
Anne C.M. Ritter ◽  
Marlise P. dos Santos ◽  
Ravi M. Mohan ◽  
Betty A. Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Risk Patient ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has been, historically, an alternative to open endarterectomy (CEA) for stroke prevention in high risk patients with carotid atherosclerosis. We sought to determine the rates of periprocedural and long-term stroke or death and the risk factors for complications after CAS in our high risk patient population. Methods: Clinical and treatment variables of consecutive CAS procedures performed between 2002 and 2011 were analyzed. Using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses we examined how patient characteristics influenced outcomes and changes in modified Rankin Score (mRS). Results: In 152 patients, the composite total of periprocedural death, stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and myocardial infarction (MI) rate was 3.95% (6/152). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was strongly associated with periprocedural complications (p<0.001). Coronary artery disease/peripheral vascular disease (CAD/PVD) (p=0.03), dyslipidemia (p=0.02), CKD (p=0.01), and contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis (p=0.02) were non-modifiable risk factors for mRS increase. There were 25 deaths, 8 strokes, 11 TIAs, and 1 MI (mean follow-up 38.4 months, range 0-116 months). The presence of CAD/PVD (p=0.009) and dyslipidemia (p=0.002) were significantly associated with long-term complications. Conclusion: CAS was performed with low periprocedural complications in high-risk patients. Our rates compare very favorably to large-scale trials that have ideal patients. This data encourages the consideration of CAS in patients considered high risk for CEA and provides possible patient characteristics (CKD) to help with periprocedural risk stratification.

scholarly journals Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of helicobacter pylori infection in an oilfield Community in Hebei, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhai Wang ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Shengtao Zhu ◽  
Xiujing Sun ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Statistical Trends

Abstract Background Only a paucity of large-scale perspective and cross-sectional studies on H. pylori infection in China have been published. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for H. pylori infection among residents of Jidong community located in Hebei Province of China. Methods A perspective, cross-sectional study was conducted in Jidong community. Questionnaires and 13C-urea breath test were performed, and 10-ml blood samples were obtained for laboratory tests. Results Four thousand seven hundred ninety-six subjects were enrolled in this study, and 2506 (52.25%) were H. pylori positive. There was no difference in prevalence between both sexes (P = 0.5974). Age (P = 0.004) and education level (P = 0.0128) were significantly associated with H. pylori infection, and there were statistical trends in the prevalence across five age subgroups (χ2 test for trend = 23.5; P < 0.001) and education levels (χ2 test for trend = 19.50; P < 0.001). H. pylori infection was also associated with marital status (P = 0.0243), source of drinking water (P = 0.0433), frequency of eating raw garlic (P = 0.0310), alcohol drinking (P = 0.0207), knowledge about H. pylori transmission route (P = 0.0125) and related diseases (P = 0.0257). Age, alcohol drinking and knowledge about transmission route were found to be independent predictors of H. pylori infection. Conclusions More than half of the population was infected with H. pylori in Jidong community. The socio-demographic profiles, socio-economic factors and lifestyle are worthy taking into consideration to prevent diseases associated with H. pylori infection. Understanding the prevalence and risk patterns for H. pylori infection in China will help in prioritizing public health efforts to better manage the H. pylori infection.

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