scholarly journals Local adaptation, geographical distance and phylogenetic relatedness: assessing the drivers of siderophore-mediated social interactions in natural bacterial communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Butaitė ◽  
Jos Kramer ◽  
Rolf Kümmerli
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Competition Assays

AbstractIn heterogenous, spatially structured habitats, individuals within populations can become adapted to the prevailing conditions in their local environment. Such local adaptation has been reported for animals and plants, and for pathogens adapting to hosts. There is increasing interest in applying the concept of local adaptation to microbial populations, especially in the context of microbe-microbe interactions. Here, we tested whether cooperation and cheating on cooperation can spur patterns of local adaptation in soil and pond communities of Pseudomonas bacteria, collected across a geographical scale of 0.5 to 50 meters. We focused on the production of pyoverdines, a group of secreted iron-scavenging siderophores that often differ among pseudomonads in their chemical structure and the receptor required for their uptake. A combination of supernatant-feeding and competition assays between isolates from four distance categories revealed tremendous variation in the extent to which pyoverdine non- and low-producers can benefit from pyoverdines secreted by producers. However, this variation was not explained by geographical distance, but primarily depended on the phylogenetic relatedness between interacting isolates. A notable exception occurred in local pond communities, where the effect of phylogenetic relatedness was eroded in supernatant assays, probably due to the horizontal transfer of receptor genes. While the latter result could be a signature of local adaptation, our results overall indicate that common ancestry and not geographical distance is the main predictor of siderophore-mediated social interactions among pseudomonads.

scholarly journals Parallel changes in gut microbiome composition and function in parallel local adaptation and speciation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Rennison ◽  
Seth M. Rudman ◽  
Dolph Schluter
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Ecological Speciation ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Host Evolution

AbstractThe processes of local adaptation and ecological speciation are often strongly shaped by biotic interactions such as competition and predation. One of the strongest lines of evidence that biotic interactions drive evolution comes from repeated divergence of lineages in association with repeated changes in the community of interacting species. Yet, relatively little is known about the repeatability of changes in gut microbial communities and their role in adaptation and divergence of host populations in nature. Here we utilize three cases of rapid, parallel adaptation and speciation in freshwater threespine stickleback to test for parallel changes in associated gut microbiomes. We find that features of the gut microbial communities have shifted repeatedly in the same direction in association with parallel divergence and speciation of stickleback hosts. These results suggest that changes to gut microbiomes can occur rapidly and predictably in conjunction with host evolution, and that host-microbe interactions might play an important role in host adaptation and diversification.

scholarly journals A B73 x Palomero Toluqueño mapping population reveals local adaptation in Mexican highland maize

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Perez-Limón ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
G Carolina Cintora-Martinez ◽  
M Rocio Aguilar-Rangel ◽  
M Nancy Salazar-Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
Quantitative Trait Mapping ◽  
Farmer Selection ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Highland Maize ◽  
Genomic Regions

Abstract Generations of farmer selection in the central Mexican highlands have produced unique maize varieties adapted to the challenges of the local environment. In addition to possessing great agronomic and cultural value, Mexican highland maize represents a good system for the study of local adaptation and acquisition of adaptive phenotypes under cultivation. In this study we characterize a recombinant inbred line population derived from the B73 reference line and the Mexican highland maize variety Palomero Toluqueño. B73 and Palomero Toluqueño showed classic rank-changing differences in performance between lowland and highland field sites, indicative of local adaptation. Quantitative trait mapping identified genomic regions linked to effects on yield components that were conditionally expressed depending on the environment. For the principal genomic regions associated with ear weight and total kernel number, the Palomero Toluqueño allele conferred an advantage specifically in the highland site, consistent with local adaptation. We identified Palomero Toluqueño alleles associated with expression of characteristic highland traits, including reduced tassel branching, increased sheath pigmentation and the presence of sheath macrohairs. The oligogenic architecture of these three morphological traits supports their role in adaptation, suggesting they have arisen from consistent directional selection acting at distinct points across the genome. We discuss these results in the context of the origin of phenotypic novelty during selection, commenting on the role of de novo mutation and the acquisition of adaptive variation by gene flow from endemic wild relatives.

Turnover is replaced by nestedness with increasing geographical distance in bacterial communities of coastal shallow lakes

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Marla Sonaira Lima ◽  
Fabiana Schneck ◽  
Ng Haig They ◽  
Luciane Oliveira Crossetti ◽  
Juliana Elisa Bohnenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Environmental Filters ◽  
Species Sorting ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
The Relationship

In this study we measured the relative contribution of two components of β-diversity, turnover and nestedness, of bacterioplankton among 25 shallow lakes in southern Brazil and tested their relationship with local (environment, chlorophyll-a and biomass of phytoplanktonic classes) and landscape variables, as well as geographical distance. We predicted that turnover would be the largest share of total β-diversity due to the variation of local characteristics among lakes. Further, we expected nestedness to increase at the expense of turnover with increasing geographical distance among lakes due to dispersal limitation. The results indicated a higher contribution of turnover than nestedness to total β-diversity, which was driven by local factors. When the relationship between β-diversity components and the spatial extent between each lake and all other lakes was considered, turnover was replaced by nestedness with increasing geographical distance for 8 (the furthermost lakes) of the 25 lakes likely because of a combination of decreasing dispersal due to distance and richness differences due to wind-driven mass effects. The results of this study suggest a role for nestedness as an indicator of dispersal limitation owing to geographical distance and wind dispersal, and for turnover as an indicator of species sorting because of environmental filters for these freshwater bacterial communities.

scholarly journals Multi-Approaches Analysis Reveals Local Adaptation in the Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccoides) at Macro- but not Micro-Geographical Scale

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0121153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Volis ◽  
Danara Ormanbekova ◽  
Kanat Yermekbayev ◽  
Minshu Song ◽  
Irina Shulgina
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Geographical Scale

scholarly journals Eco-evolutionary dynamics of social dilemmas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya S. Gokhale ◽  
Christoph Hauert
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Better Than

AbstractSocial dilemmas are an integral part of social interactions. Cooperative actions, ranging from secreting extra-cellular products in microbial populations to donating blood in humans, are costly to the actor and hence create an incentive to shirk and avoid the costs. Nevertheless, cooperation is ubiquitous in nature. Both costs and benefits often depend non-linearly on the number and types of individuals involved–as captured by idioms such as ‘too many cooks spoil the broth’ where additional contributions are discounted, or ‘two heads are better than one’ where cooperators synergistically enhance the group benefit. Interaction group sizes may depend on the size of the population and hence on ecological processes. This results in feedback mechanisms between ecological and evolutionary processes, which jointly affect and determine the evolutionary trajectory. Only recently combined eco-evolutionary processes became experimentally tractable in microbial social dilemmas. Here we analyse the evolutionary dynamics of non-linear social dilemmas in settings where the population fluctuates in size and the environment changes over time. In particular, cooperation is often supported and maintained at high densities through ecological fluctuations. Moreover, we find that the combination of the two processes routinely reveals highly complex dynamics, which suggests common occurrence in nature.

scholarly journals Examining the relationships between phenotypic plasticity and local environments with genomic structural equation models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malachy T. Campbell ◽  
Haipeng Yu ◽  
Mehdi Momen ◽  
Gota Morota
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Common Qtl

AbstractEnvironmental association analyses (EAA) seek to identify genetic variants associated with local adaptation by regressing local environmental conditions at collection sites on genome-wide polymorphisms. The rationale is that environmental conditions impose selective pressure on trait(s), and these traits are regulated in part by variation at a genomic level. Here, we present an alternative multivariate genomic approach that can be utilized when both phenotypic and environmental data are available for the population. This framework utilizes Bayesian networks (BN) to elucidate interdependancies between local environmental conditions and empirical phenotypes, and jointly estimates the direct and indirect genetic covariances between empirical phenotypes and environmental conditions using a mixed-effects structural equation model (SEM). Direct genomic covariance between empirical phenotypes and environmental conditions may provide insight into whether QTL that affect adaptation to an environmental gradient also affects the observed phenotype. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we leveraged two existing datasets consisting of 55 climate variables for 1,130 Arabidopsis accessions and empirical phenotypes for fitness and phenology collected on 515 accessions in two common garden locations in Europe. BN showed that plasticity for fitness and phenology was highly dependant on local environmental conditions. Moreover, genomic SEM revealed relatively high positive genomic correlation between plasticity in fitness and environmental variables that describe the favorability of the local environment for plant growth, indicating the presence of common QTL or independent QTL that are tightly linked. We believe the frameworks presented in this manuscript can provide new insights into the genetic basis of local adaptation.

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