scholarly journals Pheromone binding protein shapes olfactory temporal resolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Shiota ◽  
Takeshi Sakurai ◽  
Noriyasu Ando ◽  
Stephan Shuichi Haupt ◽  
Hidefumi Mitsuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pheromone Binding Protein ◽  
Air Turbulence ◽  
Behavioural Analysis ◽  
Antennal Response ◽  
Pheromone Plumes

AbstractMale moths are capable of orienting towards conspecific females using sex pheromones. Since pheromones are distributed as discontinuous plumes owing to air turbulence, tracking intermittent stimuli with high temporal resolution is suggested to be important for efficient localisation. Here, using a pheromone binding protein (BmPBP1) knockout silkmoth, we revealed that the loss of functional pheromone binding protein altered antennal response kinetics resulting in reduced temporal resolution to intermittent pheromone stimuli on the antennae. Behavioural analysis revealed that BmPBP1-knockout males exhibited significantly less straight walking, which occurs when detecting pheromone stimuli, especially to high frequency stimuli. Accordingly, BmPBP1-knockout males took a significantly longer time to locate pheromone sources and females than did wild-type males. Together, BmPBP1 plays a critical role in determining temporal antennal response kinetics and that an appropriate range of temporal sensory and behavioural resolutions is essential for tracking pheromone plumes for efficient pheromone source localisation in the silkmoth.

scholarly journals A statistics-based temporal filter algorithm to map spatiotemporally continuous shortwave albedo from MODIS data

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Liu ◽  
Q. Liu ◽  
L. Z. Wang ◽  
S. L. Liang ◽  
J. G. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Land Surface Parameter ◽  
Temporal Filter ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Abstract. Land-surface albedo plays a critical role in the earth's radiant energy budget studies. Satellite remote sensing provides an effective approach to acquire regional and global albedo observations. Owing to cloud coverage, seasonal snow and sensor malfunctions, spatiotemporally continuous albedo datasets are often inaccessible. The Global LAnd Surface Satellite (GLASS) project aims at providing a suite of key land surface parameter datasets with high temporal resolution and high accuracy for a global change study. The GLASS preliminary albedo datasets are global daily land-surface albedo generated by an angular bin algorithm (Qu et al., 2013). Like other products, the GLASS preliminary albedo datasets are affected by large areas of missing data; beside, sharp fluctuations exist in the time series of the GLASS preliminary albedo due to data noise and algorithm uncertainties. Based on the Bayesian theory, a statistics-based temporal filter (STF) algorithm is proposed in this paper to fill data gaps, smooth albedo time series, and generate the GLASS final albedo product. The results of the STF algorithm are smooth and gapless albedo time series, with uncertainty estimations. The performance of the STF method was tested on one tile (H25V05) and three ground stations. Results show that the STF method has greatly improved the integrity and smoothness of the GLASS final albedo product. Seasonal trends in albedo are well depicted by the GLASS final albedo product. Compared with MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product, the GLASS final albedo product has a higher temporal resolution and more competence in capturing the surface albedo variations. It is recommended that the quality flag should be always checked before using the GLASS final albedo product.

scholarly journals Poly(C)-Binding Protein Pcbp2 Enables Differentiation of Definitive Erythropoiesis by Directing Functional Splicing of the Runx1 Transcript

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis R. Ghanem ◽  
Andrew Kromer ◽  
Ian M. Silverman ◽  
Xinjun Ji ◽  
Matthew Gazzara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cassette Exon ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Control Segment ◽  
Kh Domain ◽  
Definitive Erythropoiesis

ABSTRACTFormation of the mammalian hematopoietic system is under a complex set of developmental controls. Here, we report that mouse embryos lacking the KH domain poly(C) binding protein, Pcbp2, are selectively deficient in the definitive erythroid lineage. Compared to wild-type controls, transcript splicing analysis of the Pcbp2−/−embryonic liver reveals accentuated exclusion of an exon (exon 6) that encodes a highly conserved transcriptional control segment of the hematopoietic master regulator, Runx1. Embryos rendered homozygous for a Runx1 locus lacking this cassette exon (Runx1ΔE6) effectively phenocopy the loss of the definitive erythroid lineage in Pcbp2−/−embryos. These data support a model in which enhancement of Runx1 cassette exon 6 inclusion by Pcbp2 serves a critical role in development of hematopoietic progenitors and constitutes a critical step in the developmental pathway of the definitive erythropoietic lineage.

High-temporal-resolution analysis demonstrates that ICAM-1 stabilizes WEHI 274.1 monocytic cell rolling on endothelium

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. C112-C118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Kevil ◽  
John H. Chidlow ◽  
Daniel C. Bullard ◽  
Dennis F. Kucik
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Leukocyte Rolling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Monocytic Cell ◽  
Monocytic Cell Line ◽  
Rolling Velocity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Adhesive Interactions

Leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and migration on vascular endothelium involve several sets of adhesion molecules that interact simultaneously. Each of these receptor-ligand pairs may play multiple roles. We examined the role of ICAM-1 in adhesive interactions with mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) in an in vitro flow system. Average rolling velocity of the monocytic cell line WEHI 274.1 was increased on ICAM-1-deficient MAECs compared with wild-type MAECs, both with and without TNF-α stimulation. High-temporal-resolution analysis provided insights into the underlying basis for these differences. Without TNF-α stimulation, average rolling velocity was slower on wild-type than on ICAM-1-deficient endothelium because of brief (<1 s) pauses. On TNF-α-stimulated ICAM-1-deficient endothelium, cells rolled faster because of transient accelerations, producing “jerky” rolling. Firm adhesion to ICAM-1-deficient MAECs was significantly reduced compared with wild-type MAECs, although the number of rolling cells was similar. These results demonstrate directly that ICAM-1 affects rolling velocity by stabilizing leukocyte rolling.

scholarly journals Impaired adipogenesis in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 transgenic mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Rajkumar ◽  
T Modric ◽  
LJ Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Differentiation of precursor cells into mature fat cells is accompanied by enhanced expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and is stimulated by multiple hormones including growth hormone, glucocorticoids, IGF-I and insulin. We used transgenic mice that overexpress insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 to investigate the role of IGF-I in the accumulation of fat tissue. In response to a sucrose-enriched diet, transgenic mice gained significantly less body weight and the epididymal fat mass was significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice. The increase in adipocyte size was also significantly reduced in transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Fewer colonies were generated from adipose tissue from transgenic mice and the mitogenic response of these cells to IGF-I was significantly reduced compared with those from wild-type mice. Induction of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a measure of adipocyte differentiation, by IGF-I but not insulin, was reduced in preadipocytes from transgenic mice. These data indicate that IGF-I has a critical role in the proliferation of adipocyte precursors, the differentiation of preadipocytes and the development of obesity in response to calorie excess.

scholarly journals The Na+/Ca2+, K+ exchanger NCKX4 is required for efficient cone-mediated vision

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frans Vinberg ◽  
Tian Wang ◽  
Alicia De Maria ◽  
Haiqing Zhao ◽  
Steven Bassnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Deficient Mouse ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
Response Recovery ◽  
Wide Operating

Calcium (Ca2+) plays an important role in the function and health of neurons. In vertebrate cone photoreceptors, Ca2+ controls photoresponse sensitivity, kinetics, and light adaptation. Despite the critical role of Ca2+ in supporting the function and survival of cones, the mechanism for its extrusion from cone outer segments is not well understood. Here, we show that the Na+/Ca2+, K+ exchanger NCKX4 is expressed in zebrafish, mouse, and primate cones. Functional analysis of NCKX4-deficient mouse cones revealed that this exchanger is essential for the wide operating range and high temporal resolution of cone-mediated vision. We show that NCKX4 shapes the cone photoresponse together with the cone-specific NCKX2: NCKX4 acts early to limit response amplitude, while NCKX2 acts late to further accelerate response recovery. The regulation of Ca2+ by NCKX4 in cones is a novel mechanism that supports their ability to function as daytime photoreceptors and promotes their survival.

Multidetector-row Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease – New Techniques and Insights

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H Mahnken ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Multidetector Row ◽  
Ct Scanners ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiac Mdct

Over the last decade, cardiac computed tomography (CT) technology has experienced revolutionary changes and gained broad clinical acceptance in the work-up of patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD). Since cardiac multidetector-row CT (MDCT) was introduced in 1998, acquisition time, number of detector rows and spatial and temporal resolution have improved tremendously. Current developments in cardiac CT are focusing on low-dose cardiac scanning at ultra-high temporal resolution. Technically, there are two major approaches to achieving these goals: rapid data acquisition using dual-source CT scanners with high temporal resolution or volumetric data acquisition with 256/320-slice CT scanners. While each approach has specific advantages and disadvantages, both technologies foster the extension of cardiac MDCT beyond morphological imaging towards the functional assessment of CAD. This article examines current trends in the development of cardiac MDCT.

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